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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2251483

METHOD OF PROCESSING OF WEARED TIRES AND DEVICE FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION

The inventor's name: Aleksey Vladimirovich Drozdov (BY); Kovalev V.V. (RU); Mogilner Alexander Simonovich (BY); Kalatsky Nikolai Ivanovich (BY)
The name of the patent holder: Limited Liability Company NPO Technoprom (RU); Drozdov Alexey Vladimirovich (BY)
Address for correspondence: 220131, Minsk, PO Box 500, V.P. Samtsov
Date of commencement of the patent: 2003.06.02

The invention relates to the technology of processing industrial and domestic waste rubber and can be used in the fuel and energy complex, in the rubber industry and in the enterprises for processing automobile tires. In the method for processing the worn-out tires, they are prepared and fed to the reactor via a lock chamber. Pyrolysis under pressure in a superheated steam environment followed by separation of the solid phase, separation of the liquid and vapor-gas phases with combustion of the latter to maintain the pyrolysis process, and removal of the solid and liquid phases from the reactor. Pyrolysis is carried out at a negative pressure in the reactor in the range of 0.01-0.1 atm in the regime of continuous loading of tires and discharge of the solid phase. The gateway chambers are filled with water with the possibility of charging (6) and unloading (7) of the reactor (3), filled with water to form a water seal. The vapor-gas phase is additionally subjected to catalytic cracking. The liquid phase in an amount of 25-30% is burned in the reactor to maintain the pyrolysis process. The waste tire recycling machine comprises a vertical reactor with a lock chamber for loading tires, a solid phase discharge means and a gas-phase phase condenser operatively connected to the reactor and a liquid-settling tank with a crane and a flowmeter. The device is equipped with an airlock unloading chamber. Sluice chambers of loading and unloading are made with water closures with the possibility of hermetic sealing of the reactor. The sluice loading chamber is provided with a transfer conveyor, which is equipped with pressure rolls at the inlet and outlet of the water seal. The reactor is additionally equipped with a catalytic cracking cartridge and is equipped with a furnace with burners. The furnace body is made conical in the form of a guide for stringing tires onto the top of the cone from the feed conveyor. At the base of the furnace cone is mounted an annular infrared radiator made of heat-resistant steel. The invention makes it possible to increase the productivity of the process of processing worn-out tires and to reduce specific energy costs.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the field of ecology and is associated with the disposal of products of man's technogenic activity, in particular the technology of processing industrial and domestic rubber waste, and can be used in the fuel and energy complex, in the rubber industry, and in the automobile tire recycling enterprises.

A technological complex (1) is known for processing solid organic waste, including worn out tires, aviation and other tires, with the non-waste method of processing energy carriers (gasoline fraction, fuel oil, pyrolysis gas), pyrocarbon (solid carbon residue) and metal. The method includes preparing the feedstock with its multi-stage grinding to a crumb size of about 20-25 mm and subsequent drying. The dried crumb enters the reactor where, at a temperature of about 950 ° C, it undergoes destruction with the release of a vapor-gas mixture, and the solid carbonaceous residue with metallic inclusions under its own weight and the pressure of the incoming feedstock is advanced to the lower part of the reactor. Then, through the cooling system, it is sent to a two-roll crusher to pre-grind and separate the metal from the "baked" carbon. From the crusher, the crushed solid residue on the belt conveyor enters the storage bin, while metal inclusions are extracted from it beforehand. From the storage bunker, the carbonaceous residue is fed into the micro-grinder by a screw feeder, where the final grinding to the specified fraction takes place. Pyrolysis gas is partially supplied to the reactor, the rest to the consumer. From liquid hydrocarbon vapors after petrochemical condensation and rectification, butadiene, benzene, toluene and benzene are isolated.

The drawbacks of the known method include the presence of high-energy processes of grinding tires and drying crumbs, as well as cyclic operation of the reactor, due to the frequency of the process of loading raw materials and unloading the solid residue from the reactor and the resulting significant energy losses.

There is a known method for utilization of rubber waste in an environment of an inert coolant - quartz sand (2). The method involves pyrolysis of waste rubber in the reactor at a temperature of 500-700 ° C, separation of the solid phase, separation of the liquid and gaseous phases by condensation and burning of the latter to maintain the pyrolysis process.

The disadvantage of this method is high energy intensity and low productivity due to the cyclic loading-unloading processes in the reactor and the inevitable losses of thermal energy.

The technology of processing rubber waste by the method of steam thermolysis is also known (3). The method involves "digesting" the rubber in a working environment - overheated water vapor. Water vapor with cooling makes it easy to concentrate decomposition products. A vapor-gas mixture consisting of 98-85% by weight of steam superheated to 300-1600 ° C and 2-15% by weight of gas obtained from gaseous decomposition products is used. Prior to thermal decomposition, rubber waste is mixed with 3-40% by weight of oil by passing gaseous decomposition products and working medium through the waste layer at a mass ratio of (0.05-1.62): 1. The solid decomposition products are mixed with 4-40% of the oil and compressed into briquettes with simultaneous heating to 100-500 ° C by filtering the gas obtained from the gaseous decomposition products.

The disadvantages of the method include the high temperature of decomposition of rubber waste, reaching 1600 ° C, and the cyclicity of the processing process, which significantly increases energy costs.

The method of degradation of rubber waste by the method of decomposition in a reactor in a superheated steam medium (4), which is chosen as a prototype, is closest to the present invention. The method includes preliminary preparation and pyrolysis of worn tires under excessive pressure in a superheated steam environment. In this case, the steam is taken in an amount of 18-110% of the waste mass, and the obtained carbonaceous solid phase is ground to a particle size of 0.001-0.210 mm. The liquid phase is separated with the steam and mixed with 23.0-55.8% by weight of the crushed carbonaceous phase to produce a liquid fuel. The process of decomposition involves the periodic loading of rubber waste into the reactor and unloading of the solid carbonaceous phase through the sluice chambers from it. Thermal destruction is carried out at a temperature of 400-500 ° C. Gases of destruction together with water vapor condense, and non-condensing gases are sent to the combustion in the furnace of the steam generator to maintain the pyrolysis process.

Liquid condensate after mixing with the crushed carbonaceous residue to a homogeneous state is a fuel - an analog of M-40 fuel oil.

The disadvantage of the known method is the cyclic nature of the processing of rubber waste and, as a consequence, low productivity and large losses of thermal energy, which are unavoidable with the periodic loading of raw materials into the reactor and unloading of the solid phase from it.

The device (5) is known for thermal decomposition of hydrocarbon raw materials, including old automobile tires. The device contains a pyrolysis chamber - a storage tank, which is located in the furnace with a downwardly facing open end. The furnace comprises a top part in the form of a double-walled hood and a bottom part is a bottom connected to the upper part by a conical connector with seals. The accumulator forms a common gap with the side walls and ceiling of the furnace, connected by nozzles for supply and removal of pyrolysis products.

The disadvantage of the device is low productivity and efficiency, caused by the cyclicity of the decomposition process, associated with the periodic loading of raw materials and the unloading of the solid phase from the storage chamber.

An oven for the pyrolysis of automobile tires is also known (6). The device comprises an upper and a lower part connected by means of a conical connector with o-rings. The pyrolysis chamber is vertically mounted in the cavity of the upper part of the furnace. The furnace is equipped with an annular tray with a branch pipe for draining liquid pyrolysis products. The device operates cyclically: the upper part of the furnace is lifted by the load-lifting device, a tire bag is loaded into the pyrolysis chamber, then the upper part is put back in place and the detachable connections are fixed. Further, hot gases are supplied from the furnace device between the furnace walls and the pyrolysis chamber and the tires are decomposed according to a predetermined regime, followed by unloading the solid residue from the pyrolysis chamber in the reverse order.

The disadvantage of the furnace design is the cyclic operation and high energy losses associated with the need for periodic heating of the furnace to operating temperature after the next loading of tires and subsequent cooling when unloading the solid phase of the degradation products.

The device for processing rubber waste by the method of pyrolysis under superfluous pressure in a superheated water vapor environment, which is taken as a prototype (7), is closest to the proposed invention. The device contains a vertical reactor with an upper lock chamber with a hatch (gate) for loading the tires and a screw conveyor for unloading the solid phase. By means of the drive, the conveyor is kinematically connected to the sluice hatch by the lower discharge chamber. The reactor through the pipeline with the tap and flowmeter is functionally connected with the steam generator, as well as with the condenser and the storage tank-the settler of the liquid phase.

The reactor is periodically loaded with tires through the lock chamber, and the shutter is closed. Simultaneously, from the steam generator through the tap and flowmeter, superheated steam is supplied under excess pressure and thermolysis is carried out according to a predetermined regime. Gaseous pyrolysis products in a mixture with water vapor condense in the condenser. Non-condensible gases through the tap and flow meter are sent to the combustion of the steam generator. The resulting condensate from the condenser is poured into a storage tank - settler. After completion of the decomposition process, the solid phase (carbonaceous residue) by the screw conveyor through the sluice hatch of the unloading chamber is removed from the reactor and sent to grinding. Further, the reactor is loaded with a new batch of tires and the pyrolysis cycle is resumed.

A disadvantage of the known method and device is the large heat loss and low productivity due to the cyclic nature of the feedstock charging processes and the discharge of solid processing products.

The object of the invention is to eliminate the noted drawbacks of the known method and apparatus for processing rubber waste.

The aim of the invention is to increase the productivity and reduce the energy consumption of the process of recycling worn-out tires.

The aim is achieved by the fact that in the method for processing worn-out tires, which includes preparing and supplying them to the reactor via a sluice chamber, pyrolysis under pressure in a water vapor medium, then separating the solid phase, separating the liquid and vapor-gas phases, burning the latter to maintain the pyrolysis process, and removing From the solid and liquid phase reactor according to the invention, the pyrolysis is carried out at a negative pressure in the range of 0.01-0.1 atm in the continuous tire loading and solid phase discharge mode, the sluice chambers being filled with water to form a water seal, the vapor-gas phase additionally Are subjected to catalytic cracking, and a liquid phase in an amount of 25-30% obtained by decomposition is burned in a reactor to maintain the pyrolysis process.

The tires are cut in the radial direction in the transverse annular section, and during pyrolysis move in the reactor from top to bottom and unbend into the belt when unloading at the outlet of the reactor.

The aim is achieved by the fact that in an apparatus for processing worn-out tires containing a vertical reactor with lock chambers for loading and unloading the solid phase, an unloading conveyor operatively coupled to the reactor by a vapor-gas phase condenser and a liquid-settling tank with a crane and a flowmeter according to the invention , The sluice loading and unloading chambers are provided with water closures with the possibility of hermetic sealing of the reactor, the sluice loading chamber being provided with a loading conveyor which is equipped with pressure rolls at the inlet and outlet of the water seal, the reactor is further provided with a catalytic cracking cartridge and equipped with a furnace with burners, Is conical in the form of a guide, the vertex of which is kinematically connected with the conveyor of the charge, and an annular infrared radiator made of heat-resistant steel is mounted in the base of the furnace cone.

The furnace body from the inside is made hollow and is provided with a vertical partition with the possibility of forming a chimney, the latter being functionally connected with an annular gap between the outer surface of the reactor and its external heat-insulating wall where a spiral chimney is additionally mounted.

The furnace burners through the additional intermediate tank are connected to the liquid phase settling tank, while the bottom of the settling tank is connected to the solid phase discharge chamber by means of the water drainage pipe, and the lid of the settler is connected to the condenser.

The condenser is equipped with an exhaust fan, which is designed to create a negative pressure in the reactor and supply gaseous non-condensible products of tire decomposition to combustion.

The loading conveyor is made in chain and equipped with hooks for gripping tires, and the discharge conveyor is made of a belt conveyor and equipped with a magnetic separator.

The invention is explained in the drawings, in which FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for carrying out the method, FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of cutting tires during their preparation, and FIG. 3 shows a tire view according to section BB.

The device comprises a tire preparation area 1, a reactor 3 with a heat-insulating wall 4 and a catalytic cracking cartridge 5, a load chute 6 and a discharge chamber 7 with water closures 8, a chain feed conveyor 9 with hook grippers 10 and pressure rollers 11, a belt discharge conveyor 12 With a magnetic separator 13 for separating the metallic inclusions 14 and a carbonaceous phase storage bin 16. Functionally, a condenser 17 is connected to the reactor 3 with an exhaust fan 18, a reservoir is a settler 19 with valves 20, 21 and an intermediate tank 22, a conduit 23. The furnace 24 of the reactor 3 With a vertical partition 25, a chimney 26, a spiral chimney 27, an exhaust pipe 28, an annular infrared radiator 29 and burners 30.

THE ESSENCE OF THE METHOD AND THE DISTINCTIVE FEATURES OF THE DEVICE FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION
CONCLUDED IN THE FOLLOWING

It has been established that the thermal decomposition of rubber and worn articles from it, for example tires, in a water vapor medium is a typical diffusion process whose speed is limited by the rate of heat input and the kinetics of diffusion of the volatile components of destruction. Therefore, engineering and technological solution of supply problems and reduction of heat losses is a key task for achieving effective indicators of the technological process of processing worn-out tires. The developed method and device allow to conduct the process of steam thermolysis of rubber in a continuous mode, eliminating the cyclic shutdown of the reactor for the period of feedstock loading and unloading of solid decomposition products from the working area. Continuity of the destruction process is achieved by cutting off the working area of ​​the reactor from the external environment by means of water closures in the lock chambers for loading and unloading, which allows the thermolysis process to be carried out in a steady state without stopping the decomposition reactor. In this case, the wetting of the tires by water, when passing the water gate of the loading chamber, favorably affects the kinetics of the subsequent heating of the rubber waste to the decomposition temperature (280-500 ° C). The operating temperature in the decomposition zone of the reactor, after entering the regime, is maintained at the expense of its own energy source - combustion of gas and part of liquid waste decomposition products. In this case, the liquid phase of rubber destruction, for the purpose of power supply of the decomposition process, is used in an amount of 25-30% of the volume obtained, and the gas component of the decomposition products is completely burned in the reactor furnace. Thus, high environmental safety and efficiency of the process of utilization of rubber waste are achieved.

It is important that the steam thermolysis is carried out at negative pressure in the working zone of the reactor (0.01-0.1 atm), the latter provides effective vaporization at a lower temperature in the reactor due to the shift of the equilibrium moisture content point and increases the safety and economy of the tire decomposition process.

During the destruction of rubber along with the volatile vapor-gas phase, fine soot is recovered, trapped by a replaceable zeolite cartridge, which is additionally equipped with a reactor. In this case, the cartridge is impregnated with salts of metals with variable valence (Ni, Co, Cr, Cu, etc.), which provides catalytic cracking of the organic component of the vapor-gas phase and improves the ecological safety of the process of recycling used tires.

Effective selection and return of heat to the reactor from the exhaust flue gases is also achieved due to the spiral design of the chimney, which, in combination with the conical shape of the reactor guiding furnace, ensures uniform, comprehensive heat supply to the tires and does not require their preliminary grinding. Such a constructive implementation of the reactor significantly reduces the energy costs of preliminary preparation of tires and saves energy resources through the recovery of heat.

An important factor in the economical operation of the device is the optimization of the conditions for the supply of heat to the tires and the effective use of the reaction volume of the reactor, which is achieved by orderly dense packing of the loaded tires by threading them on the conical guide of the furnace. The rim of the tires is preliminarily cut before loading into the reactor, thereby ensuring their continuous smooth movement in the working zone of the reactor from top to bottom under its own weight by gradually opening the tire along the cut and expanding the ring into the tape in the lower base of the cone, followed by removal of the solid residue from the reactor.

The use of a water seal in the sluice chamber for unloading a solid carbon residue, in addition to sealing the working area of ​​the reactor, eliminates the contamination of the working atmosphere of the workshop by particles of finely dispersed soot that is trapped in the lock chamber. Such a constructive solution of the device for implementing the method improves the hygiene of work and improves the environmental safety of the process.

THE INVENTION IS PROVIDED BY THE FOLLOWING

In the preparation section 1, the bus bars 2 are sorted according to the standard sizes and cut according to the scheme, as shown in FIG. Further, the tires 2 are grasped by a loader (not shown in the drawing) and, guided by the section cross-section "C" "upwards", are fed to the sluice loading chamber 6, where the rollers 11, at the inlet to the water seal 8, squeeze air from the tire cavity (31) And placed on the chain conveyor 9. Then, the hooks of the gripper 10 are fed to the reactor 3, while at the outlet of the water seal 8, the tires 2 are passed through the rollers 11 and water is pushed out of the cavity 31 through the cross section "C", which is now oriented "down" . In the upper part of the working zone of the reactor 3, the bus bars 2 are threaded onto the conical guide of the furnace body 24. As a result of the appropriate selection of the angle of the conical guide furnace 24 and the softening of the rubber under the influence of high temperature, the tires 2 are deformed, unfolded over the cross section "C" and, Advance along the working area of ​​the reactor 3 from top to bottom. The height of the reactor 3 and the speed of advance of the tires 2 in it are chosen from the calculation of the time sufficient for complete decomposition of the rubber, which on average is 2.5-3 hours. At the base of the conical guide furnace 24, in the region of the infrared radiator 29 heated by the burners 30, the tires 2 already in the form of the carbon phase 16 (solid residue with metal inclusion) are completely straightened into the belt and fed to the sluice unloading chamber 7. Further, the carbon phase 16 through the water The shutter 8 enters the belt conveyor 12 through which it is fed to the magnetic separator 13 where it is released from the metallic inclusions 14 and then stored in the hopper 15. After the tires 2 are placed in the reactor 3, an exhaust fan 18 is created by the exhaust fan 18 (negative pressure in the interval 0.01 -0.1 atm), and then the degradation products are separated into carbon, liquid and vapor-gas phases, the latter being removed under the action of vacuum through a catalytic cracking cartridge and sent to the condenser 17. The vapor-gas phase is purified from finely-dispersed soot and catalytic cracking of the Her organic. The condensed liquid phase from condenser 17 enters settler tank 19, where liquid hydrocarbons are separated from water. Through the tap 23 through the tap 20, water is poured into the water gate 8 of the discharge chute chamber 7. A portion of the hydrocarbon component of the liquid phase (in an amount of 25-30%) from the settling tank 19 is sent to the intermediate tank 22 and then to the burner 30 of the furnace 24. The remaining 70-75% of the liquid phase, like the finished fuel from the settling tank 19, is directed to the drain (arrow "A") in the storage (not shown in the drawing).

The non-condensable gaseous phase from the condenser 17 is exhausted by the exhaust fan 18 to the combustion burners 30 in the furnace 24 and to maintain the pyrolysis process in the reactor 3. The combustion products through the chimney 26 of the furnace 24 and the spiral flue 27, between the heat-insulating wall 4 and the outer surface of the reactor 3, Through the chimney 28 into the atmosphere.

The process of destruction of worn-out tires is characterized by the following parameters.

Weight, kg / hour:

- Hard Carbon Phase - 900

- Gaseous products - 600

- Metal cord (5% of weight) - 75

Temperature, ° С:

- combined-gas mixture - (350-450);

Thermal conductivity of steam, W / (m · K) - 67.3 · 10 " ³ .

The received products of processing of the worn out tires averaged have the following parameters (tab. 1).

According to its characteristics, the liquid phase corresponds to M-40 fuel oil, the solid carbon phase is an analog of the carbon adsorbent, and the metal inclusions are alloyed with steel scrap.

The implementation of the method in continuous mode, unlike the prototype, allows 2-3 times to increase the productivity of the process of processing worn out tires, to reduce by 25-30% the specific energy costs.

The proposed method is tested in laboratory conditions and the pilot plant is currently being prepared by the applicant for pilot-industrial tests.

USED ​​BOOKS

1. Belavin V. "Production of technological complexes for utilization of solid organic waste", NVF PE "PIROL" "Secondary resources. Alternative energy, petrochemistry "-" Utilization of organic waste ", www.belizl.narod.ru: March, 2003.

2. PP Palgunov, M.V. Sumarokov. "Utilization of industrial waste." -M .: Stroiizdat, 1990.-p.165-166.

3. Aristarkhov DV, Egorov NN, Zhuravsky GI Et al. "Steam thermolysis of organic waste", Minsk-2001, p.86-94.

4. (72) Grebenkov A.Zh., Drozdov VN, Novikov G.T. "Method for processing rubber waste", Patent RU No. 2076501, (71) JSC "Robentech", (51) IPC6 В 29 В 17/00, С 08 J 11/10, 11/14; RU BI №9 from 27.03.97.

5. Dipl.-Ing. Rudolf Seibrt, Rechtsanwait u. Patentanwalt. Tattenbachatrabe 9, 8000 MONCHEN, 22; "Device for the production of hydrocarbons from automobile tires by means of heat treatment". Application of Germany No. 2949983, Cl. From 10 to 53/00, 1991.

6. (72) Sadykov AF, Takhautdinov Sh.F. And others "Pyrolysis furnace for hydrocarbon raw materials", (71) (73) of JSC "Tatarskiy NIPKI of petroleum engineering", JSC Tatneft, Patent RU No. 2078111, IPC6 C 10 V 1/04, C 10 G 1/10, From 10 to 53/08, BI № 12 from 27.04.97.

7. (72) Zhuravsky GI, Drozdov VN, Mulyarchik VV (71) (73) NTKVTs "TOKEMA", The patent BY № 862, (21) №1046A, (22) 09.12.93, (51) МПK5 C 08 J 11 / 14, C 10 L 1/00 ​​(prototype).

CLAIM

1. A method for processing worn-out tires, comprising preparing and supplying them to a reactor through a sluice chamber, pyrolysis under pressure in a superheated steam environment, then separating the solid phase, separating the liquid and vapor-gas phases, burning the latter to support the pyrolysis process, and removing the solid and Liquid phase, characterized in that the pyrolysis is carried out at a negative pressure in the reactor in the range of 0.01-0.1 atm in the regime of continuous loading of tires and discharge of the solid phase, the sluice chambers being filled with water to form a water seal, the vapor-gas phase is further subjected Catalytic cracking, and a liquid phase in an amount of 25-30% is burned in the reactor to maintain the pyrolysis process.

2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the tires are cut in the radial direction in the transverse annular cross-section during preparation, and in the pyrolysis process they are moved from the top down to the reactor and unbent into the belt when unloading at the outlet of the reactor.

3. A device for processing worn-out tires, comprising a vertical reactor with a tire loading chamber, a solid phase discharge means and a gas-phase phase condenser operatively coupled to the reactor and a liquid phase settling tank with a crane and a flowmeter, characterized in that the device is provided with a discharge lock chamber , And the loading and unloading lock chambers are made with water closures with the possibility of hermetic sealing of the reactor, the loading chamber being provided with a loading conveyor which is equipped with pressure rolls at the inlet and outlet of the water seal, the reactor is further provided with a catalytic cracking cartridge and equipped with a furnace with burners, The furnace is made conical in the form of a guide for stringing tires onto the top of the cone from the feed conveyor, and at the base of the furnace cone an annular infrared radiator made of heat-resistant steel is mounted.

4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the furnace body is hollow and is provided with a vertical partition with the possibility of forming a chimney, the latter being operatively associated with an annular gap between the outer surface of the reactor and its external heat-insulating wall, in which a spiral chimney is additionally mounted.

5. The apparatus of any one of claims 3 and 4, wherein the furnace burners through an additional intermediate tank are connected to a liquid phase settling tank, wherein the bottom of the settler is connected to a solid-phase discharge chamber via a water drainage pipe and the settler cover is connected to a condenser .

6. Apparatus according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the condenser is equipped with an exhaust fan which is configured to create a negative pressure in the reactor and supply gaseous non-condensible products of tire decomposition to combustion.

7. The device according to any one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that the loading conveyor is made in a chain and is equipped with hooks for grasping the tires, and the discharge conveyor is belt-driven and equipped with a magnetic separator.

print version
Date of publication on February 21, 2007

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