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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2293918

METHOD OF THERMAL PROCESSING OF DOMESTIC WASTES
AND DEVICE FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION

The name of the inventor: Neklesa Anatoly Timofeevich
The name of the patent holder: Neklesa Anatoly Timofeevich
Address for correspondence: 49027, Dnepropetrovsk, ul. Dzerzhinsky, 35B, building 1, ap. 13, A.T. Neckles
Date of commencement of the patent: 2005.06.17

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION: Method for the thermal processing of domestic waste and a device for its implementation. Scope: Processing of domestic and industrial waste containing organic matter, and plant waste in agricultural production. A method for the thermal processing of domestic waste includes preparation, loading into a mine, heating in plasma jets in an oxidizing environment with the circulation of gases in a sealed reaction space, followed by the release of the resulting slag, metal and gas melts with the purification and utilization of the latter, and the return of a portion of the exhaust gases to the reaction space. The prepared waste is subjected to volumetric compression, neutralizes the isolated liquid phase, and the resulting solid product is sent to the drying, which is produced by the thermal action of the waste gas after utilization. The dried product is periodically loaded into the shaft furnace without the thermal effect of plasma jets. After the furnace is fully charged, the product is compacted by simultaneous heating of the products with plasma jets, while during the compaction the initial level of the column of products in the reaction space of the furnace is reduced at a rate proportional to the gasification rate. The resulting pyrolysis gas, due to the pressure in the shaft furnace, which is created by plasmatrons, is withdrawn from the upper part of the shaft furnace, is passed through a gas cleaning system, accumulated in the receiver, and sent to the utilization of thermal and chemical energy. The working body of the plasma torches is the purified gas compressed in the compressor, which drains out after drying, and water, and the waste left in the shaft furnace is compacted and melted by a plasma jet, after which metal and slag are poured from the shaft furnace. The technical result: providing high productivity in the processing of garbage with increased environmental parameters.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The interconnected group of inventions refers to the technology of processing domestic and industrial waste containing organic substances, as well as plant waste in agricultural production.

A method for the pyrolysis of solid domestic waste is known, including the loading of waste products followed by their grinding and feeding to the pyrolysis reactor heated by burning pyrolytic gaseous fuel in the surrounding jacket, discharge of waste with separation of ferrous fractions, introduction of salts into pyrolysis gas behind a reactor for binding toxic gaseous substances , The subsequent purification of gases from the salts and the supply of purified pyrolysis gas to the combustion chamber, the separation of the exhaust gases from the combustion chamber into two streams and the supply of one of them to the recovery boiler for steam generation, and the other to the jacket of the reactor in which the gas flows are circulated by Selecting a portion of the purified pyrolysis gases behind the gas scrubber, and then heating it in the combustion chamber and feeding it to a reactor in which the waste is poured together and sprayed with jets of purified pyrolysis gases, and the combustible off-gases from the reactor jacket are aspirated, mixed with fresh air, and a mixture of gases is fed into Combustion chamber (A.S. USSR №1548601, cl. F 23 G 5/027, priority 20.01.88, publication date Bul. No. 9, 1990).

The disadvantage of the method lies in the complexity of the technological scheme, and the products obtained need further neutralization and processing, which in part leads to significant environmental stresses.

The method of thermal processing of household waste in a shaft furnace, including preparation, loading into a mine, heating in plasma jets in an oxidizing environment, followed by release of the resulting slag, metal and gas melts with purification and utilization of the latter, is the closest in terms of technical essence and achieved result (prototype). , According to the invention, the processing is conducted in a sealed reaction space, and the gases are passed first through the melt formed, after which they are acted upon by an electric spark discharge, and some of the gases that come off after purification are returned to the reaction space, while in the reaction zone the gases are circulated and the slag before discharge Heated (Patent of Russia No. 1836603, cl. F 23 G 5/00, priority 24.06.91, publication date of Bulletin No. 31, 1993).

However, the known method is not suitable for treating such wastes as, for example, pasty, and liquid substances, both in terms of technique and profitability, and in an environmentally friendly way, while obtaining recyclable raw materials, in addition to disadvantages It is necessary to attribute low efficiency of use of physical heat of pyrolysis gases.

A device for recycling garbage and household waste containing a shell lined with refractory material is known, a hopper tapering downward with a window at the bottom adjacent to the body and a cover in the upper part, gas and air supply and exhaust pipes, Height is divided into drying, pyrolysis and burning zones by means of paired flaps at an angle to each other, the pairs of flaps located at the entrance and exit into the hull are solid, and the pairs of flaps separating the zones are made with holes, the gas supply pipe And air is located above the pair of valves located at the outlet, and the branch pipe for flue gas discharge is above the pair of valves located at the inlet, and the hopper is provided with a branch pipe for air extraction (Patent of Russia No. 2023211, class F 23 G 5/00, priority 18.06.92 , The date of publication of Bulletin No. 21, 1994).

The technology of recycling of garbage and household waste, carried out in the described reactor, is unproductive and inefficient due to a low degree of control and maintenance of the temperature level of processes that occur in parallel in neighboring zones, taking into account certain requirements for the composition and size of the raw materials.

The closest to the technical essence and the achieved result (prototype) is a device for the thermal processing of domestic waste, including a mine with a charging device at the top, plasma burners installed in the perimeter of the mine along its perimeter, a tap for the discharge of slag and a flue gas for off-gases, According to the invention, it is provided with a sub-water bath adjoining the furnace pit with a tap for discharging the metal melt, and the sealed working spaces of the shaft and the bath are separated by a vertical partition with a window in the bottom part with the formation of a water seal, the slag discharge port being siphon and located at the far end of the shaft Bath with a level of the drain threshold above the partition wall, and the flue is installed before the tap in which the electric discharge device is installed, while in the bath with the drain threshold of the siphon tap is installed one electric furnace electrode or plasmatron, and along the perimeter of the mine above the plasmatrons there are fuel burners (Patent of Russia No. 1836603, cl. F 23 G 5/00, priority 24.06.91, publication date Bul. No. 31, 1993).

The disadvantage of the device is the low productivity of the furnace, due to the two-stage process - incineration and pyrolysis, in addition, the device is not designed for processing such wastes as liquid substances, pasty waste and other materials with high viscoelastic properties.

The first of the group of inventions is based on the task of improving the method of thermal processing of domestic waste, in which by creating a closed technological system for transferring waste to metal, slag and gas components and utilizing the heat and chemical energy of waste gases for energy conversion devices, neutralizing the separated liquid phase From waste, to ensure the efficiency of waste processing, to reduce harmful emissions into the atmosphere and to increase the productivity of the process.

The second of the group of inventions is based on the task of improving the device for the thermal processing of domestic waste in which, by changing the reactor design, and the technological layout of the assembly of the nodes and the connections between them, it is possible to provide an economically advantageous operating mode of the device, increase its specific productivity and reduce the pollution of the surrounding Environment.

The first task posed is solved by the fact that in the method of heat treatment of domestic waste, including preparation, loading into the mine, heating in plasma jets in an oxidizing environment with the circulation of gases in a sealed reaction space, followed by the release of the resulting slag, metal and gas melts with purification and utilization of the latter , Returning part of the exhaust gases to the reaction space, according to the invention, the prepared waste is subjected to volumetric compression, neutralizes the isolated liquid phase, and the resulting solid product is sent to a drying process, which is produced by the thermal action of the waste gas after recycling. The dried product is periodically charged into the shaft furnace without the thermal effect of plasma Jets, and after the furnace is fully charged, the product is compacted while the products are heated by plasma jets, while during the compaction the initial level of the column of products in the reaction space of the furnace is reduced at a rate proportional to the gasification rate, and the resulting pyrolysis gas, due to the pressure in the shaft furnace, Plasmatrons, they are removed from the upper part of the shaft furnace, they are passed through the gas cleaning system, accumulated in the receiver and sent to the utilization of thermal and chemical energy, while the working body of the plasma torches is the purified gas compressed in the compressor, drained after drying, and water, and the remaining in the mine Furnace waste is compacted and melted by a plasma jet, after which metal and slag are poured from the shaft furnace.

The method comprises four steps:

- preparation of waste, ecological neutralization of the liquid phase in them and drying;

- loading, sealing of drained waste in the shaft furnace with simultaneous heating in plasma with oxidizing media, pyrolysis and pyrolysis gas;

- transportation of pyrolysis gas along a closed path including the cleaning and utilization of heat, the use of waste gases to generate electricity and steam, the separation and accumulation of water condensate, its use and pyrolysis gas for the operation of plasmatrons, the return of part of the water to the heat exchanger and the removal of the heated gas from it Drying of waste;

- production of metal and slag as a result of the action of a plasma jet on the compacted layer of waste in the furnace, obtained after pyrolysis.

The sequence of the implemented actions of this process, the regulation of the thermal regime in the furnace by changing the power and flow rates of the plasma-forming gas in the plasma torches, provide sufficient flexibility of the technological process with respect to the temperature conditions at the individual stages, which leads to a complete utilization of the waste in a given mode and completion of the whole technological cycle while maintaining Cleanliness of the environment.

The second object of the present invention is achieved in that in an apparatus for the thermal processing of domestic waste including a shaft furnace with a charging device, plasmatrons installed in the lower part of the shaft furnace, slugs for discharging slag and a metal melt, an additional plasmatron and a flue gas duct for flue gases, The shaft furnace in the upper end part is provided with a rod with a perforated piston with thermocouples housed therein and mounted in the cavity of the furnace with the possibility of a fixed longitudinal movement along the height of the reaction space of the furnace, the thermocouples being electrically connected to the memory unit, the piston drive mechanism and the furnace operation mode switch, Interacting with the emphasis on the rod during its movement, and in the lower part of the shaft furnace there is a copier with an additional plasmatron, and above the forehearth, along the outer perimeter of the shaft furnace, there is a gas collector connected to a plasma chemical gas generator with plasmatrons installed therein, Is communicated with a press filter for dewatering of the waste with which the drying device is connected in series, a sluice device made in the form of a receiving container of drained waste with two drive valves, in the lower part of which there is installed a screw feeder connected to the internal cavity of the furnace through an opening made in Its lateral wall is below the upper limit of the piston, and in the upper part of the furnace there is a pyrolysis gas withdrawal pipe that is connected through a non-return valve to a cyclone type gas scrubber, a sulfur removal device and a receiver whose output through a controlled valve and a compressor is connected to a thermal And the chemical energy of the pyrolysis gas, the off-gas pipeline of which is connected to the drying device through the heat exchanger of the steam generator, and the circuit of the gas leaving the drying device through the blower is connected to the plasma chemical gasifier and through an additional heat exchanger, filter and compressor to the plasmatrons of the plasma chemical gasifier. Plasmatrons of a plasma-chemical gas generator, at the time of the heating of the shaft furnace, are connected to an external source of electrical energy and to an air compressor, and the internal cavity of the furnace through an auxiliary supply system is connected to a drying device through a control valve, an additional plasmatron installed in a photocopier is connected to a cylinder with a liquefied Gas, for example propane, and to an air compressor, and the drying device is provided with a plate conveyor installed along the length of its internal cavity. The heat energy recovery device may be in the form of a gas turbine or an internal combustion engine, and the press filter is provided with a container for collecting the liquid phase associated with the neutralization tank, wherein the piston is water-cooled.

The piston in the shaft furnace is perforated to ensure gas flow during its movement, and due to the presence of thermocouples mounted on the piston, electrically connected to the stem drive mechanism, the memory unit, the operation mode switch, a controlled reverse stroke of the piston is provided, Heating, which leads to a decrease in the dimensions of the voids in the loaded waste, an increase in the thermal conductivity of the waste, and an acceleration of their heating.

The presence of a piston with an autonomous drive makes it possible to vary the mode of deformation of the compression of waste in the shaft furnace within a wider range, which in combination provides a substantial increase in the specific productivity of the furnace for recyclable waste, reduces the specific heat consumption for processing, and improves the quality and energy content of the pyrolysis gas.

The gas collector is designed to form directed heated gas jets in the sealed reaction chamber of the furnace.

The proposed design of the shaft furnace provides a predetermined thermal regime of the plasma-chemical gas generator by plasmatrons by changing their power and the consumption of the plasma-forming gas, and with a significant increase in the height of the shaft furnace and its diameter, the number of plasma-chemical gas generators is set taking into account the scale factor.

The waste treatment system includes a press filter in which the waste is compacted and the liquid is separated from the solid mass, and the liquid phase is discharged to the tank where it is neutralized and the solid mass enters the drying device equipped, for example, with a plate conveyor and through Sluice device - into the internal cavity of the furnace.

The energy of the pyrolysis gas leaving the furnace is realized by means of thermal energy recovery devices, for example, an internal combustion engine or a gas turbine with an electric generator. The gas leaving the recycling device enters the heat exchanger of the steam generator, from which the gas enters the drying device. A part of the gas leaving the drying device through the gas blower, filter, additional heat exchanger and compressor enters the plasma torch of the plasma chemical gas generator, and the second part directly into the plasma chemical gas generator.

With a significant size of the shaft furnace and, as a result, the production of large volumes of pyrolysis gas, for additional heat recovery, a steam turbine with an electric generator is installed in the device after the heat exchanger of the steam generator. The spent steam is condensed in the condenser and enters the feedwater tank from which the pump is fed Back to the heat exchanger of the steam generator and through the controlled regulator to the plasmatrons of the plasma-chemical gas generator.

Thus, the device allows to fully utilize the heat content of the exhaust gas, even if its energy content is not very high, without affecting the environment.

The device provides high productivity of garbage processing with increased environmental parameters, processing of unsorted waste, creates conditions for increasing the volume of waste processing as needs increase and, at the same time, the electric power generated in the device is converted into heat by plasmatrons and into mechanical energy by connecting the electrical equipment involved In the technological scheme.

The method is carried out as follows.

The method for thermal processing of domestic waste includes preheating the shaft furnace with plasmatrons of a plasma-chemical gas generator, which for the time of heating are operated from an external power source and an air compressor without removing pyrolysis gases leaving the furnace. After heating the shaft furnace to a temperature of 150-200 ° C, solid and liquid household wastes are sent to a press filter press in which they are subjected to volume compression while simultaneously squeezing the liquid phase which is collected in a separate container and neutralized with a chemical solution. The resulting solid product is sent to a dryer where the heating agent in the reaction zone of the furnace is the heating agent, which is supplied through an auxiliary supply system.

When the temperature of the inner walls of the furnace reaches 300-400 ° C in the pyrolysis zone, the dried solid product is loaded into the furnace through the sluice chamber without thermal action by plasma jets. The auxiliary drying agent supply system is closed and the pyrolysis gas leaving furnace circuit is turned on. After the furnace is fully charged with the dried product, it is compacted while heating with plasma jets with a controlled temperature of the gases at the inlet to the furnace from 300 to 600 ° C. During the heating process, pyrolysis of the organic constituent of the waste takes place. As the pyrolysis proceeds during compaction, the initial level of the column of products in the reaction space of the furnace is reduced at a rate proportional to the gasification rate.

The effect of pressure and shear strains on a solid product occurs during its heating. The material is subjected to gradual compression, while the dimensions of the voids present in the material are reduced. As a result, the calorific value of the material increases, intensive heat release begins in the entire volume of the processed material, leading to rapid heating.

Pyrolysis gas in the shaft furnace goes from below upwards under the pressure necessary to overcome the hydraulic resistance of the entire column of the loaded material and providing the pressure that is set by the user of the pyrolysis gas at the outlet, while the pressure of the gas jets entering the shaft furnace from the plasma chemical gas generator is controlled within the range 0 , 05-0.1 MPa due to the relative low moisture content of the dried solid products. Due to the pressure in the reaction space of the furnace, the pyrolysis gas is withdrawn from its upper part and accumulated in the receiver. The gas temperature at the outlet from the furnace is 200-500 ° C. If enough gas is accumulated in the receiver, the latter, after purification from solid particles and sulfur, is disposed of, for example, in an internal combustion engine or in a gas turbine, in order to generate electricity. The gas spent after utilization is diverted to the heat exchanger of the steam generator, and the steam is fed to the steam turbine, which drives the electric generator. To form a closed thermodynamic cycle, the steam exhausted in the steam turbine condenses and the condensate is accumulated in the feedwater tank, from which water is again fed to the heat exchanger of the steam generator. The gas heated in the heat exchanger with a temperature of 150-200 ° C is sent to the drying zone of the prepared waste. A part of the gas after drying, with a residual temperature of 50-120 ° C, is directed to the plasma chemical gas generator with the help of a gas blower, and the second part of the gas is filtered, its temperature is lowered to less than 30 ° C, and fed to plasmatrons of a plasma-chemical gas generator. Water from a reservoir of feedwater at a pressure of up to 4 atm is fed to the plasma torch of the plasma chemical gas generator and an additional plasmatron. With a plasma torch power of 0.5 MW, the water discharge is up to 10 g / s. After each complete loading of the furnace and thermal decomposition of the prepared solid waste, the pyrolysis process is completed by the formation and accumulation of solid waste in the casing and in the lower part of the furnace.

The remaining solid pyrolysis remains in the bottom of the furnace, and the rest of the furnace is charged with new portions of the dried solid product, which is compacted and heated as described above. With the accumulation of residues left after pyrolysis, they are compacted and heated at a temperature of 1500-2000 ° C by a plasma jet of a plasma torch installed in the pig-head before the melt is formed, after which the obtained metal and slag are poured.

Thus, to ensure the environmental purity of waste gases, household waste is subjected to a double decomposition at temperatures that exclude the formation or retention of complex chemical compounds.

The energy of the resulting pyrolysis gas can be used in various ways, as well as by a combination of several methods of use. The proposed method makes it possible to use energy generated in the waste recycling system in power conversion devices and to activate the mechanisms involved in the implementation of the method.

The drawing shows a schematic diagram of a device for the thermal processing of domestic waste.

The device includes a shaft furnace 1 made of a metal vertically disposed body lined with refractory bricks. In the upper end of the furnace, the piston 2 is located on the piston rod 2, which is installed in the internal cavity of the furnace, with the possibility of a fixed longitudinal movement by the drive mechanism 4. The piston is provided with through-holes 5 for gas flow and internal channels for the cooling agent (not shown in the drawing). The thermocouples 6 and 7 are mounted on the piston 3. The device and includes a memory unit 8 electrically connected to the thermocouples 6 and 7, a drive mechanism 4 and a furnace operation mode switch 9 interacting with the stopper 10 on the rod 2 while moving the latter. In the lower part of the shaft furnace 1 there is a storage box 11 with an additional plasmatron 12. In the crammer there are vents 13 and 14 for discharging metal and slag. On the outer perimeter of the furnace 1, above the forehearth, there is a gas manifold 15 connected by a heat-insulated channel to a plasma-chemical gas generator 16 with plasmatrons 17 installed therein. In the upper part of the furnace, there is a pyrolysis gas withdrawal pipe 18 with a flow meter 19 which, through the controller 20, 4. The pipeline 18 through the check valve 21 is connected to a cyclone type scrubber 22, a sulfur removal device 23 and its connections and a receiver 24. The charging device 25 is communicated with a press filter 26 serving to dewater the waste and to transfer the liquid phase to the tank 27. The tank 28 is filled with a substance to neutralize the liquid phase. With the press filter 26, a drying device 29 is connected in series, the sluice device 30 is in the form of a receiving container of drained waste with two drive sliders 31 and 32, in the lower part of which a screw feeder 33 is connected to the internal cavity of the furnace 1 through an opening 34, Made in its side wall below the upper limit of the piston 3. The drying device 29 is provided with a plate conveyor 35 installed along the length of its internal cavity. An additional plasmatron 12 installed in the cradle 11 is connected to a cylinder 36 with a liquefied gas, for example propane, and to an air compressor 37.

In the proposed invention, it is possible to use any heat energy recovery devices, which is dictated by customer requests.

In the above diagram of the device for the thermal processing of domestic waste, the receiver 24 is connected via a control valve 38 to a compressor 39 communicating with a combustion chamber 40 of a gas turbine unit 41 to which an electric generator 42 is connected. The discharge pipe from the turbine is connected to the heat exchanger of the steam generator 43. The heat exchanger 43 is connected to the steam pipe by A steam turbine 44 that serves to rotate the electric generator 45. The steam discharge line from the steam turbine 44 is connected to the condenser 46 and then through the condensate pump 47 to the feedwater reservoir 48 from which water is fed back to the heat exchanger 43 via a feed pump 49 and through Controlled regulator 50 to the plasma torches 17 of the plasma chemical gasifier 16 and to the additional plasmatron 12. The heat exchanger 43 is further connected to the drying device 29 by the gas pipeline from which the branch gas line through the blower 51 branches - one branch is connected to the plasma chemical gas generator 16, and the other through A filter 52, an additional heat exchanger 53, a compressor 37 to the plasma torches 17 of the plasma chemical gas generator 16 and an additional plasmatron 12. Plasma torches 17 of the plasma chemical gasifier 16 are connected to an external electric power source and to the air compressor 37 at the time of the shaft furnace heating, and the internal cavity of the furnace 1 through a secondary The system 54 is connected to the drying device 29 via a controlled valve 55.

DEVICE WORKS AS FOLLOWING

The shaft furnace 1 is heated by a low-temperature plasma generated by a plasma-chemical gasifier 16 in which during the heating of the furnace the plasma torches 17 are supplied from an external power source and an air compressor 37. The non-return valve 21 of the pyrolysis gas withdrawal pipe 18 is closed. Through the charging device 25, household waste is fed to a press filter 26 in which the waste is compressed and, at the same time, the liquid is separated from the solid mass. The liquid phase is withdrawn to a vessel 27, at the same time a neutralizing agent is supplied from the tank 28. The solid waste after the press filter enters the drying device 29 directly onto the plate conveyor 35. During the warm-up, the furnace includes an auxiliary hot gas supply system 54 that couples the internal The cavity of the oven 1 with the drying device 29. Heating of the furnace 1 is carried out until the temperatures of 500-700 ° C of the inner walls are obtained. After the furnace is warmed, the auxiliary system 54 is turned off by the controlled valve 55, the gate 31 is opened, and the drained material is transferred to the receiving container 30 by means of a conveyor 35. Plasma torches 17 of the plasma chemical gasifier 16 are disconnected, a gate 32 is opened, a screw feeder 33 is connected and through the opening 34 the material enters the shaft Oven until it is fully filled. The gate 32 is closed and the plasmatrons 17 are turned on. The stem drive mechanism 4 is turned on. The piston 3 is lowered down and seals the dried material in the cavity of the furnace while heating it with plasma jets with temperature controlled gases at the furnace inlet from 300 to 600 ° C. During the heating process, pyrolysis of the organic component of the waste takes place and when the gas pressure in the furnace rises, the check valve 21 is activated and the pyrolysis gas flows through the scrubber 22, the sulfur removal device 23 into the receiver 24. The electric signal output by the flow meter 19 determines the gasification rate . During pyrolysis, the material is gradually compressed by a piston that moves at a rate proportional to the gasification rate. Thermocouples 6 and 7 control the heating temperature of the piston as it moves toward the pyrolysis zone.

The piston reversal modes are determined by the value of the heating temperature of the lower part corresponding to the distance from the furnace operation mode switch 9 to the mounting location on the stop piston 10, which is selected experimentally depending on the type of material being processed. The signals from the thermocouples 6 and 7 and the furnace operation mode switch 9 are input to the memory unit 8, the output of which is connected to the drive mechanism 4. If, during the movement of the piston, its temperature has reached 400 ° C after the operation of the furnace operation mode switch 9 has been activated, the memory unit 8 generates the reset signal of the piston by the drive mechanism 4 and issues a reboot command. If, during the movement of the piston, its temperature reached 400 ° C before the switch signal 9 is triggered, the memory unit 8 emits a signal at the beginning of the melting, the plasma chemical gasifier 16 is turned off and an additional plasmatron 12 is turned on, and the piston continues to move down to a heating temperature of 600 ° C Its lower part, and after reaching this temperature, the piston returns to its original position, and the melting continues until the melting of the pyrolysis waste is completed.

After filling the receiver with pyrolysis gas, the whole system is ready. At this point, the controlled valve 38 is opened and the gas after purification through the compressor 39 is supplied to its disposal, for example, to an internal combustion engine or to a gas turbine 41. The spent gas is transferred to the heat exchanger of the steam generator 43, the steam from which is supplied to the steam turbine 44, Which is rotated by the generator 45. The steam drawn in the turbine is sent to the condenser 46 and the condensate is accumulated in the feedwater tank 48 from which water is supplied to the heat exchanger 43 and via the controlled regulator 50 to the plasma torches 17 or the additional plasmatron 12 by means of a feed pump 49 by separate conduits. The gas from the heat exchanger of the steam generator 43 is supplied to the drying device 29. The exhaust gas after blowing through the blower 51 is transported by a gas path to the plasma chemical gasifier 16 and gas is passed through a gas outlet from the gas path through a filter 52, an additional heat exchanger 53 in which the gas is cooled to a temperature of less than 30 ° C. and through the compressor 37, From the operating mode of the furnace to the plasmatrons 17 of the plasma chemical gas generator or to an additional plasmatron 12. The gas prepared in the plasma chemical gasifier is supplied to the gas manifold 15 and further to the reaction zone of the furnace 1.

The analysis of the ongoing physical-chemical and electrothermal processes shows that when using the claimed method and device, the mechanism of waste utilization changes qualitatively, the efficiency of utilization is increased, the utilization factor of the received heat is increased through the generation of electricity directly in the process of waste processing and the ecological purity of the process is ensured with closed circulation of the coolant .

CLAIM

1. A method for the thermal processing of domestic waste, including preparation, loading into a mine, heating in plasma jets in an oxidizing environment with the circulation of gases in a sealed reaction space, followed by the release of the resulting slag, metal and gas melts, with the purification and utilization of the latter, Into the reaction space, characterized in that the prepared waste is subjected to volumetric compression, neutralizes the isolated liquid phase, and the resulting solid product is sent to the drying which is produced by the thermal action of the waste gas after recycling, the dried product is periodically charged into the shaft furnace without the thermal effect of the plasma jets, and After the furnace is fully charged, the product is compacted while the products are heated by plasma jets, while during the compaction the initial level of the column of products in the reaction space of the furnace is reduced at a rate proportional to the gasification rate, and the resulting pyrolysis gas, due to the pressure in the shaft furnace, which is created by plasmatrons, is diverted From the upper part of the shaft furnace, they pass through the gas cleaning system, accumulate in the receiver and direct to the utilization of thermal and chemical energy, while the working body of the plasma torches is the purified gas compressed from the compressor, dried out after drying, and water, and the remaining waste in the shaft furnace compacts And melted with a plasma jet, after which metal and slag are poured from the shaft furnace.

2. A device for the thermal processing of domestic waste, including a shaft furnace with a charging device, plasmatrons installed at the bottom of the furnace, slugs for discharging slag and a metal melt, an additional plasmatron and flue gas for off-gases, characterized in that the shaft furnace in the upper end portion Is equipped with a rod with a perforated piston with thermocouples housed in it and installed in the cavity of the furnace with the possibility of a fixed longitudinal movement along the height of the reaction space of the furnace, the thermocouples being electrically connected to the memory unit, the piston drive mechanism and the furnace operating mode switch, cooperating with the stop on the stem The time of its movement, and in the lower part of the shaft furnace there is a copier with an additional plasmatron, and above the forehearth there is a gas collector connected to the plasmochemical gas generator with plasmatrons installed in it along the outer perimeter of the shaft furnace, with the loading device communicated with a press filter for dewatering of waste , With which the drying device is connected in series, a sluice device made in the form of a receiving container of drained waste with two drive valves, in the lower part of which there is a screw feeder connected to the internal cavity of the furnace through an opening made in its side wall, поршня, а в верхней части печи расположен трубопровод отвода пиролизного газа, который через обратный клапан соединен с газоочистителем циклонного типа, устройством для удаления серы и ресивером, выход которого через управляемый вентиль и компрессор связан с устройством утилизации тепловой и химической энергии пиролизного газа, трубопровод отходящего из устройства утилизации газа через теплообменник парогенератора соединен с устройством для сушки, а контур газа, отходящего из устройства сушки, через воздуходувку подключен к плазмохимическому газогенератору и через дополнительный теплообменник, фильтр и компрессор - к плазмотронам плазмохимического газогенератора.

3. Устройство по п.2, отличающееся тем, что плазмотроны плазмохимического газогенератора в момент разогрева шахтной печи подключены к внешнему источнику электрической энергии и к воздушному компрессору, а внутренняя полость печи через вспомогательную систему подвода соединена с устройством для сушки через управляющий вентиль.

4. Устройство по п.2, отличающееся тем, что дополнительный плазмотрон, установленный в копильнике, подключен к баллону со сжиженным газом, например пропаном, и к воздушному компрессору.

5. Устройство по п.2, отличающееся тем, что устройство для сушки снабжено пластинчатым конвейером, установленным по длине его внутренней полости.

6. Устройство по п.2, отличающееся тем, что устройство утилизации тепловой энергии выполнено в виде газовой турбины.

7. Устройство по п.2, отличающееся тем, что устройство утилизации тепловой энергии выполнено в виде двигателя внутреннего сгорания.

8. Устройство по п.2, отличающееся тем, что пресс-фильтр снабжен емкостью для сбора жидкой фазы, связанной с баком нейтрализации.

9. Устройство по п.2, отличающееся тем, что поршень выполнен водоохлаждаемым.

print version
Date of publication on February 21, 2007

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