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DEVICES AND METHODS OF PROCESSING AND DISPOSAL OF RADIOACTIVE, CHEMICAL AND PETROCHEMICAL WASTES
INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2286199

COMPLEX OF UTILIZATION OF GAS DIMENSIONS

COMPLEX OF UTILIZATION OF GAS DIMENSIONS

The name of the inventor: Kirienko Yuri Egorovich (RU); Kirienko Igor Egorovich (RU); Kirienko Egor Emelyanovich
The name of the patent holder: Kirienko Yuri Egorovich (RU); Kirienko Igor Egorovich (RU); Kirienko Egor Emelyanovich
Address for correspondence: 663300, Krasnoyarsk Territory, Norilsk, ul. Набережная, 23, кв.152, Е.Е. Kirienko
Date of commencement of the patent: 2005.03.22

The invention can be used in the metallurgical industry, at enterprises of the fuel and energy complex and in other industries. The complex includes a gas-smoke pipe with a gas flue on metal supports, a sprinkler system, a drainage basin with a water outlet, an air duct, a water conduit, a pumping station. The flue is made in two levels, the lower level of the flue ending in a nozzle, inside which there is a figured metal plate forming in the mouth part of the nozzle a C-shaped charge with the maximum gap at the top point of the nozzle. The end face of the shaped plate of the C-shaped charge is drowned inside the nozzle, and the end of the nozzle is partially located under the sprinkler installation. The upper level of the flue is located above the body of the sprinkler and begins with a gas collector with an open bottom. On the body of the sprinkler system with a three-sided acid-resistant sheathing there is a grid with a net for catalysts.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention can be applied at enterprises of the fuel and energy complex, metallurgical and other fields of industry.

The analogues of the invention are the smoke stacks of thermal power plants (BSA, second edition, vol.15, p.325), designed to remove the combustion products of fuel into the upper atmosphere. These pipes are of high cost and contribute to transboundary pollution of the environment by gas-smoke emissions.

Known and the exhaust pipe Kashevarov avt.sv. No. 1689572 dated 07.11.91, bul. No. 44, intended for the purification of polluted air and its removal to the upper atmosphere. The disadvantage of the known pipe is a large footprint, a large cost of installation and operation of the fans.

A method and device for cleaning high-temperature flue gases is known (patent No. 92007123 of 20.03.1995, IPC B 01 D 47/05), which consists in mixing them with cold water, while increasing the rate of cooling of flue gases by passing them through an injector-water mixer , Installed between the heat power plant and the smoke exhauster, where the cooling of the flue gases takes place by the collisions of different-temperature particles of flue gases and water vapor at a high temperature difference, which provides the energy absorption process of heat. The disadvantages of the known method include the complexity of the design.

A multi-chimney chimney is known in which the trunks are connected by paired lattice movable links in the form of flat lattice diaphragms arranged along the generatrix along the entire length of the trunks and consisting of intersecting tubular braces interconnected by means of a cylindrical hinge consisting of C-shaped bushings with sectorial cutouts, In which a cylindrical roller is installed, and the bushings are arranged to move along the barrel in the brackets attached to it, performing the function of a power limiter, and on the sides of the roller on the barrel are fixed side walls interacting with ball bearings installed at the end of the cylindrical roller (A. No. 1344885, published on 23.02.1990, bulletin No. 7). The disadvantages of the known device include the complexity of the design and consumption of chemical reagents.

A method is known for purifying exhaust gases from sulfur dioxide (application No. 2002123243, published on May 27, 2004) comprising countercurrent step contacting of gases with limestone aqueous pulp pre-ground to a particle size of 0.074 mm, characterized in that the aqueous pulp contains up to 60 g / Dm 3 limestone with the achievement of the values ​​of the molecular ratio between sulfur dioxide and calcium carbonate in the pulp within 1-2. The shortcomings of the known method include significant costs for the preparation of limestone pulp and significant transportation costs in the absence of local limestone deposits.

A chimney is known (application for invention No. 97111949, published on February 27, 1999), containing: 1. a barrel, characterized in that an injection duct directed to the flue gas outlet is introduced into it from the outside.

2. A chimney according to claim 1, characterized in that the trunk of the pipe behind the nozzle has the shape of a confuser.

3. A chimney according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the trunk of the pipe behind the confuser is in the form of a diffuser.

4. A chimney according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the trunk of the pipe behind the confuser has a gas mixing chamber.

5. Chimney according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the confuser and diffuser are combined with a gas mixing chamber - a prototype.

The disadvantages of the prototype include the complexity of the construction of the chimney.

The purpose of the invention is to develop a simple device for the utilization of gas-smoke emissions.

The technical result consists in reducing the gas-smoke load on the surrounding environment, in increasing reliability, in the comfort of maintenance, in lowering the cost of construction, in increasing the life of the exhaust pipes.

A chimney containing: 1. a barrel, characterized in that an injection air duct is introduced into it from the outside, directed by a nozzle towards the exit of the flue gases.

2. A chimney according to claim 1, characterized in that the trunk of the pipe behind the nozzle has the shape of a confuser.

3. A chimney according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the trunk of the pipe behind the confuser is in the form of a diffuser.

4. A chimney according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the trunk of the pipe behind the confuser has a gas mixing chamber.

5. The flue pipe according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the confuser and diffuser are combined by a gas mixing chamber, according to the invention, the gas-smoke exhaust utilization complex (hereinafter - the complex) includes a gas-smoke pipe with a gas flue on metal supports in height from 3 to 25 m, A sprinkler system on metal supports, a catchment basin with a water outlet, an air duct and a water conduit, characterized in that the flue is made in two levels in height, the lower level of the flue ending in a stainless steel nozzle, and inside the nozzle there is a figured metal plate that forms in the mouth Part of the nozzle is a C-shaped charge with the maximum gap at the top point of the nozzle, and in the body of the nozzle there is an air nipple in the portion of the tangential part of the shaped plate, while the end face of the shaped plate of the C-shaped charge is recessed into the nozzle by at least 100 mm, And the end of the nozzle is located under the sprinkler installation for a distance equal to not less than half the distance between adjacent nozzles of the sprinkler, the upper level of the flue being located above the sprinkler casing and starting with the gas sump with an open bottom, the perimeter of the sump coinciding with the perimeter of the metal casing of the sprinkler, And the sprinkler system has a water conduit, pressure tubes of frame-cellular type (hereinafter - pressure pipes) with injectors, three-sided metal sheathing and a metal grid with a grid. The arrangement of the gas flue at two levels of height makes it possible to arrange wet cleaning of gas-smoke emissions by constructing an end cap having a C-shaped boost, by means of which a thrust is created by injecting air or air mixture under pressure with the formation of a high velocity jet at a rate exceeding the velocity of the gas jet in Gas flue during exhaust gas-chimney pipe is not less than 1.1 times. A small height of the location of the two flue levels makes it possible to build the proposed complex on any section of the flue, provide convenience in servicing and repairing the sprinkler system and other parts of the complex, will allow cooling the waste gases, which will reduce the temperature barrier between the atmosphere temperature and the temperature of the off-gases, which is very important, especially In the Far North. Utilization of gas-smoke emissions by this complex on the gas duct will allow to extend the service life of the exhaust pipes with the worn-out top, Older plots can be forcibly destroyed, without fear of pollution of the atmosphere by gas-smoke emissions. Only steam, air and a small amount of water-insoluble gases will escape. A small height of the location of the flue levels makes it easy to build a sprinkler plant, manufactured in workshop conditions using conventional lifting mechanisms and the necessary tools and welding, which will shorten the speed of the construction of the complex. The low height of the two flue levels allows, in the same way, to build a gas collector over the sprinkler body, using the foundations and supports of the flue, which will increase the speed of construction, improve working conditions, and reduce construction costs. The presence of a three-sided plating on the body of the sprinkler will exclude the swirling of the gas-jet stream in the opposite and side winds, and will prevent the entry of sewage streams onto the relief in windy weather. The presence of a metal grid with a grid in the water jet area of ​​the sprinkler above the nozzle will allow using various solid catalysts to accelerate the course of reactions during the disposal of sulfur dioxide, which will promote its more complete utilization and reduce the load on the surrounding environment. The presence of a shaped plate inside the nozzle makes it possible to fabricate a C-shaped pressurization necessary to create a vacuum in the lower-level flue and supply air, oxygen, or other gas or necessary particulate components to the mixture, which will eventually increase the utilization of gases and reduce the load On the natural environment. The location of the end face of the shaped plate inside the nozzle at a distance of at least 100 mm from its end will allow obtaining a sufficiently powerful air jet inside the nozzle to create a vacuum sufficient to increase the speed of the gas-air jet in the lower-level flue gas not less than 1.1 times higher than the design one, and This in turn will lead to an increase in the reliability of the entire complex. The location of the end face of the nozzle under the sprinkler system over a distance equal to at least half the distance between the adjacent spray nozzles of the sprinkler system will improve the utilization of gas-smoke emissions even in puffy weather, which will lead to an increase in the reliability of the entire complex. Arrangement of the air collector over the body of the sprinkler with an open bottom will allow water vapor, air and the remaining water-insoluble gases to be channeled into the second-level gas flue due to vacuum in the exhaust pipe, followed by dispersion in the air atmosphere. The coincidence of the bottom of the gas collector with the perimeter of the sprinkler body will increase the tightness of their connection, which will increase the reliability of the complex. The presence of a sprinkler system with a water conduit, pressure pipes and injectors will ensure a fully regime for the utilization of gas-smoke emissions together with an air jet formed in the nozzle of the lower level of the flue, which will help reduce the load on the surrounding environment with the simultaneous improvement of atmospheric air.

First of all, the difference between the proposed invention and the currently existing analogues is that the flue gas duct of the exhaust pipe is located in two levels of height with a sprinkler and a gas collector in the middle. The nozzle with C-shaped supercharging, located on the end part of the lower stage of the flue, has no analogues in the practice of utilization of gas-smoke emissions in domestic and foreign practice, but also in descriptions of domestic and foreign inventions, open domestic and foreign press. The location of the flue between the source of gas-smoke emissions and the exhaust pipe at two levels makes it possible to carry out wet utilization of water-soluble gases at the lower and middle levels before approaching the exhaust gas-chimney, which is new in the utilization of gas-smoke emissions. The location of the working organ of the sprinkler above the end part of the nozzle and below the gas header of the upper level of the flue is also new in the utilization of gas-smoke emissions. Thus, according to a complex of essential distinctive features, this invention allows obtaining the claimed technical result and corresponds to the inventive step.

The lack of information about such constructive solutions used in the proposed invention in the open domestic and world press, attests to the novelty of the invention.

The invention is explained by the drawings:

COMPLEX OF UTILIZATION OF GAS DIMENSIONS

FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section of gas flues, a C-shaped nozzle, a sprinkler, a gas collector, a drainage basin and a body of a gas-chimney; FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the transverse portion of a C-shaped nozzle (view in AA).

3 is a cross-sectional view of a gas collector, a sprinkler, a grate and a catchment basin (BB view); FIG. 4 shows a general view of a sprinkler grid with a grid. FIG.

THE INVENTION IS PROVIDED BY THE FOLLOWING

In the shop environment or directly on the installation site, the nozzle body 3 is made by a welded method of acid-resistant and heat-resistant material (for example, titanium) with an outer diameter equal to the outer diameter of the flue body 2 having a lining 4 of refractory brick, and its upper part has a slope in The side of the sprinkler installation is not less than 0.001. The attachment of the nozzle 3 to the flue body 2 is carried out in a bolted manner (not shown in the drawing) through a heat-resistant gasket (not shown in the drawing), for example, asbestos. In the wellhead portion of the nozzle 3, in the upper part of its inner side, a pre-curved plate 5 is welded (not shown) to the inner side surfaces of the nozzle 3, so as to form a C-shaped charge 6 in the tip portion of the nozzle 3, With a maximum distance between the top of the end portion of the plate 5 and the inner surface of the nozzle 3 vertically of at least 100 mm, and in the space between the outer top wall of the plate 5 and the inner wall of the attachment part of the nozzle 3, to strengthen the rigidity of the supercharging structure 6, metal acid- and heat- Rods 7 with a diameter of 10 mm with a distance of 100 mm between them along the perimeter at the welding (not shown in the drawing). Then, in the top wall of the nozzle 3, at a distance of 200 mm from the welded seam of the rear part of the plate 5 of the C-shaped charge 6, a hole (not shown) is cut out for an air nipple 8 with a diameter of 76 mm, which is set on welding (not shown in the drawing ). Further on the surface of the earth, of metal tubes 9 of an acid-resistant stainless metal with a diameter of 20 mm, the grate 25 is constructed by welding with a mesh width of 100 · 100 mm, to which wire 10, with a mesh of 2 · 2 mm of acid-resistant metal, is attached to a wire, for example of titanium, 2 mm in diameter Polymer. The grate 25 thus constructed is installed using a truck crane and welding inside the housing 11 of the sprinkler 35 above the nozzle 3, but below the sprinkler 35 itself at the level of the continuous rain screen. Then, by means of welding from pressure pipes 12 and nozzles 13 (patent No. 1769401, publication date 20.02.1995) or slotted nozzle (patent No. 2201807, published on 10.04.2003), a lattice structure of the sprinkler 35 is manufactured, the nozzles 13 being installed On the corners of the lattice elements of the structure at equal distances from each other. The nozzles 13 are installed in such a way that the cone-shaped fan jets (in the figure shown in dashed lines) from the nozzles 13 not less than 1/3 overlap similar jets of adjacent nozzles 13, the length of the side of the sprinkler 35 along the longitudinal axis of the flues On the drawing is signed) must be at least two, and the width is not less than 1.5 times the diameter of the nozzle 3. The sprinkler 35 is mounted above the grill 25 on a rectangular metal body 11, three sides of which are covered from the inside with a 0.2 mm thick sheet of acid-resistant material (for example , Titanium). The side of the body 11 of the sprinkler 35 from the side of the nozzle 3 is left open. Then, it is installed with the aid of a pipe-laying machine or a crane of the nozzle 3 with attachment of the chisel part on the transverse beam 14 of the body 11 of the sprinkler 35 by welding (not shown in the drawing). Moreover, the upper part of the nozzle 3 is set at the level of the maximum overlapping of the cone-shaped fan streams of water (in the figure shown by bundles of dotted lines) flowing from the adjacent nozzles 13 but below the grate 25, and its end part is installed directly under the sprinkler for a distance exceeding not less than Half of the distance between adjacent nozzles 13, along the longitudinal axis of the nozzle 3. The flange (not shown in the drawing), the nozzle 3 is fastened from the asbestos to the gas flange 2 by bolts M20 (not shown) through the heat-resistant gasket (not shown in the drawing) Shown) manually.

The body 11 of the sprinkler in the plan coincides with the supports of the lower and upper levels of the flue 2 installed on the pile foundations (not shown in the drawing) and therefore serves both as the body of the sprinkler and as a constructive element of the catchment basin ensuring the fastening of the construction formwork of the catchment basin during its construction. Further, in the housing 11 of the sprinkler 35, a sprinkler 35 is installed in its upper part with a crane (not shown) in the clamp connections (not shown). The pressure pipes 12 of the sprinkler 35 are connected to a pressure pipe 100 mm in diameter On the drawing is signed) by means of flexible valve connections with acid-resistant coating (not shown in the drawing). Then, to the air nipple 8, connect a compressed air duct with a diameter of 76 mm (signed in the drawing).

Then, a gas collector 45 is constructed, for which a temporary wooden floor is laid over the sprinkler installation (not shown in the drawing), the lower part of the upper flue casing 2 is cut along a horizontal plane passing along its longitudinal axis along the longitudinal axis with electric tools ("Bulgarian" ). Pieces cut from the body 2 of the upper flue are removed to the body of the car using a crane (not shown in the drawing). The length and width of the gas collector 45 correspond to the length and width of the sprinkler housing 11. Further, on both sides of the body 2 of the upper flue, along the length of the sprinkling installation, the heat-acid resistant side plates 15 and the end plate 16 are welded by welding (and not shown), as well as figured lamellar slopes on the rear side (not shown) of the gas collector 45. Then, in the area of ​​the sprinkler installation, on the ground surface, a rectangular reinforced concrete drainage basin (in the signed drawing) is constructed, consisting of a lower layer 17 made of 250 concrete with a thickness of up to 250 mm, an elastic gasket 18 of acid-resistant polyethylene film and an upper ) Of a reinforced concrete layer 19 made of polymer cement with a thickness of 150 mm. At the same time, the volume of the catchment basin 35 should exceed a single flow of the sprinkler system by at least 10 times. For example, the expense of a sprinkler system for gas-dust cleaning is 0.5 m 3 / s, then the pool volume should exceed 5 m 3 . And the length of the sides of the catchment basin (in the drawing is signed) should be not less than the length of the sides of the body 11 of the sprinkler, and its height is selected depending on the required volume associated with the water consumption for sprinkling during purification of gas-smoke emissions (based on the solubility of sulfur dioxide in water 40 L / 1 liter of water). At the same time, the bottom of the catchment basin (signed in the drawing) must have a slope of at least 0.01 to the side with good access (not shown in the drawing). Further to the pumping station (in the drawing is signed) a water outlet 20 is being built in the wall of the catchment basin (in the drawing is signed), a water conduit (in the signed drawing) with a diameter of 150 mm is attached to the pressure pipes 9 and attached to the vertical wall of the housing 11 of the sprinkler. After the connection of the air nipple to the in-plant air line and / or the oxygen pipeline, and / or the ozone pipe is made, the invention is ready for operation.

THE WORK OF THE INVENTION IS IMPLEMENTED AS FOLLOWS:

The gas-smoke discharge jet moves to the outlet of the nozzle 3, as a result of the vacuum created on the end part of the nozzle 3 by the work of the pressurization 6 (having a perimeter in the size of 2/3 of the circumference of the nozzle 3), by supplying compressed air into it, and with insufficiently efficient utilization of oxygen, (In the drawing it is signed) or from an individual compressor through a nipple 8, while a dense air envelope from cold air will be formed along the contour of the gas-jet stream (shown in the drawing with short arrows), which will transmit the gas-jet stream to the operating sprinkler 35, where A continuous rain curtain of water saturated with air or oxygen will transform the gas-mixture mixture, consisting, for example, of sulfur dioxide, first into sulfur dioxide and then into weak sulfuric acid, which falls into the catchment basin in the form of drops and streams (in the drawing signed) . Then, the acid waste water accumulated in the catchment basin (on the drawing is signed) by gravity discharge 20 or through a pump station (not shown in the drawing) is directed along the acid-resistant waterway for neutralization and purification into the pool of circulating water supply. Purified and neutralized water in the pool of recycled water can be reused for gas utilization at the sprinkler system of the proposed complex. To accelerate the course of reactions during the utilization of gas-smoke emissions, the proposed complex allows the use of the various catalysts listed below, for which it is sufficient to place them on a grid 25 apart, regulate the amount of oxygen in the air, while the structure and composition of the proposed complex allows us to use milli- With a higher content of aqueous suspensions of carbonate rocks (limestone (application No. 2002123243, published on May 27, 2004), anhydrite, chalk, etc. carbonate rocks) to obtain gypsum, an aqueous solution of iron (III) sulphate of composition Fe (OH ) SO 4 with an iron content of 60 g / dm 3 at a pH of 0.5-3 to produce various sulfur compounds of iron (Patent No. 2,194,008, published on 10.12.2002), various catalysts (lead dioxide obtained from scrap of lead accumulators (Patent No. 94019072, published on May 27, 1996), due to the contact of gas containing sulfur dioxide and water vapor with natural zeolite, worked out during water softening, containing iron, calcium and magnesium cations (Patent 2006265, publ. 03.03.1996), and other materials that have proved themselves positively under experimental or industrial tests.

The present invention will enable the use of existing, but disabled gas-chimneys due to the dilapidation of their upper parts and low altitude. The introduction of the complex in newly built enterprises will significantly reduce the cost of construction by reducing the height and diameter of the exhaust pipes, increasing the operating life of the exhaust pipes by reducing the temperature gradient between the temperature of the outer atmosphere and the temperature of the gas-air jet inside the exhaust pipe,

Commercial attractiveness of the proposed invention lies in its simplicity, high efficiency, in reducing the environmental load on the environment, in reducing the cost of manufacturing the final products of the enterprise. The invention can be used on all metallurgical, chemical, and the like. Enterprises incl. And in areas with a harsh climate.

CLAIM

A complex for utilization of gas-smoke emissions including a gas-smoke pipe with a gas flue on metal supports, a sprinkler on metal supports, a drainage basin with a water outlet, an air duct, a water conduit, a pumping station, characterized in that the flue is made in two levels vertically, the lower of which ends with a nozzle, Comprising a shaped metal plate forming in the aperture portion of the nozzle a C-shaped charging nozzle with a maximum clearance at the upper point of the nozzle, while the end face of the shaped C-shaped charge is drowned inwardly of the nozzle, and the end of the nozzle is partially located under the sprinkler, and the upper level of the flue Located above the body of the sprinkler system and begins with an open-ended gas collector whose perimeter coincides with the perimeter of the sprinkler body, and on the sprinkler body with a three-sided acid-resistant sheathing, a grate with a grid for placing catalysts is additionally installed in the sprinkling area.

print version
Published on February 19, 2007