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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2198024

INSTALLATION FOR ORGANIC WASTE NEUTRALIZATION

INSTALLATION FOR ORGANIC WASTE NEUTRALIZATION

Name of the inventor: Ostrovsky YV .; Zabortsev GM .; Ismagilov Z.R .; Kerzhentsev MA
The name of the patentee: Institute of Catalysis. GKBoreskov SB RAS
Address for correspondence: 630090, Novosibirsk, pr Lavrentiev, 5, Institute of Catalysis. GKBoreskov, patent department, T.D.Yudinoy
Starting date of the patent: 2001.04.26

The invention relates to a device for disposing of organic waste incineration, for example extraction of mixtures in a fluidized bed. The installation includes two interconnected reactor equipped with air supply means, grilles and partially filled bed of solid particles, the outlet of the first reactor connected to an inlet of the second reactor and a means for collecting and recycling the solid particles. The first reactor for catalytic combustion of fuel, it is further equipped with fuel supply means and filled with solid particles as a catalyst. A second reactor intended for disposal of organic waste, equipped with means for feeding waste chemisorbent and, as it is filled with an inert particulate material. Reactors combustion and disposal of organic waste disposed of misalignment. Advantageously, the input of organic waste neutralization reactor provided with a cyclone and a catalyst hopper for collecting dust, a catalyst hopper for collecting dust is connected to the dust supply system into the reactor the catalytic burning of fuel. The invention improves the efficiency of disposal of organic waste in the absence of secondary pollutants.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to a device for combustion of organic waste disposal, preferably liquid, such as extraction of mixtures in a fluidized bed and can be used in the chemical, petrochemical, nuclear and other industries. In particular, the proposed plant can be used for treatment of organic waste containing a compound of elements such as fluorine, chlorine, phosphorus.

Known reactor for heat treating particulate materials in the fluidized catalyst bed (Boreskov GK Heterogeneous Catalysis -. M .: Science -. 1988. - S. 294). The reactor zone comprises a catalytic oxidation of the fuel and the heat treatment zone the particulate material. The zones in the reactor are separated by partitions.

The disadvantages of the reactor are the reduction of the catalyst activity due to pore blockage by dust particulate catalyst material, and a catalyst poisoning by ingestion of the catalyst layer fluoro, chloro and phosphorus compounds.

A device for combustion of wastes containing phosphorus, in a fluidized bed chemisorbent (US Patent 4359005, F 23 G 7/00, publ. 11.16.82). The apparatus comprises a reactor, an external source of fuel and means for feeding fuel into the reactor, means for feeding air to the reactor to maintain the fluidized bed and burning an external source of waste and means for supplying waste containing phosphorus, into the reactor, the external source and means of administration to the reactor lime, limestone and / or slaked lime, means for heating and maintaining the elevated bed temperature, preferably from 750 to 950 o C, but also the space above the fluidized bed of 600 to 900 o C and and a cyclone mounted on the outlet of the reactor trapping particulate matter. When installing the fluidized bed within the reactor consists of lime, phosphorus waste and inert calcium phosphate. For temperature regulation teploobmennnik controlled fuel flow inside the reactor can be used, and waste air, and water injection well. The disadvantages of the known apparatus include the complexity of the control of a fluidized bed of particles of variable size, moreover, does not provide complete combustion of the fuel and waste due to a small contact time. In the description given additional funds for exhaust gas purification (filters, absorbers, scrubbers).

Known plant with a fluidized bed for the combustion of waste containing chlorine compounds (US Patent 5379705, F 23 G 5/00, publ. 01.10.95), feed chemisorbent for binding the resulting HCl. Set includes:

- Gasification furnace with 1st fluid bed consisting at least of an alkali metal oxide (CaO), means for supplying air to the fluidized bed, means for feeding chlorinated waste, means for outputting unburned waste particles from the 1st fluidized bed, thereby manner, wastes are gasified and the resulting salt converted to HCl; and

- Burning furnace with a fluidized bed connected to the lower part to said gasification furnace so that it receives gases from the gasification of waste, and having a 2nd fluidized bed for combustion of the gases; titled salt derived from the gasification furnace into the combustion furnace gas under pressure; burning stove is provided with a socket for loading an alkali metal carbonate (CaCO 3) forming the 2nd fluidized bed, the air supply means in the 2nd fluid bed, but also means for output generated from the combustion of an alkali metal oxide (CaO) and feeding it into 1st fluidized bed gasification furnace. Furthermore, combustion furnace may be provided with a heat exchanger immersed in the 2nd fluid bed. In the upper part of the combustion furnace is provided with means for the exit of exhaust gases.

The device described in US Patent 5379705 is the closest to the claimed technical essence.

Disadvantages of the known device: the complexity of managing a fluidized bed gasification furnace due to the small particle size chemisorbent, and a generation of secondary pollution such as nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases due to the oxidation of atmospheric nitrogen.

The problem solved by the invention, - improving the efficiency of disposal of organic waste in the absence of secondary pollutants. Furthermore, the claimed installation advantageously enables effectively neutralize liquid waste.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The problem is solved as follows. Proposed apparatus for organic waste disposal, in particular, fluorine-containing compounds and / or chlorine and / or phosphorus, in a fluidized bed combustion. The installation includes two interconnected reactors, each of which is equipped with air supply means, air distribution grid and is partly filled with a layer of solid particles, wherein the output of the 1st reactor connected to the inlet of the 2nd reactor, and, and means for supplying organic waste and means for administration chemisorbent for at least one of the reactors, and means for collecting and recycling the solid particles.

1st reactor is additionally equipped with the fuel supply means and filled with solid particles as a catalyst - it is designed for the catalytic combustion of fuel. 2nd reactor for neutralization of organic waste provided with means for feeding waste chemisorbent; as it is filled with inert particulate material; reactor fuel and disposal of organic waste incinerators located misalignment.

Advantageously, the reactor inlet neutralization of organic waste provided with a cyclone and a catalyst hopper for collecting dust; a hopper for collecting dust is connected to the catalyst feed system to the reactor dust catalytic burning of fuel.

Distinctive features of the prototype:

- Use as solid particles forming the fluidized bed in the 1st reactor of the catalyst;

- 1st reactor further provided with means for supplying fuel;

- Use as solid particles forming the fluidized bed in the 2nd reactor, the inert material:

- 2nd reactor is additionally provided with means for feeding waste material;

- Advantageously 2nd reactor is additionally equipped with a cyclone inlet and a catalyst hopper for collecting dust;

- Preferably the 1st reactor is additionally equipped with dust loading the catalyst system;

- Preferably the catalyst hopper for collecting dust is connected to the catalyst feed system of dust in the 1st reactor.

Using a fluidized bed catalyst can significantly reduce the combustion temperature and, accordingly, the generation of nitrogen oxides. Separate placement catalytic combustion zone fuel and waste disposal areas allows to prevent the inert material and a chemisorbent, neutralization with fluorine, chlorine and phosphorous in the catalyst bed in the reactor stops.

Misalignment reactor arrangement eliminates clogging lattice top of the reactor the catalyst particles at the sharp fluctuations of the gas flow.

Set at the entrance of the reactor cyclone disposal of organic waste bin for the collection of large catalyst dust and mix hopper with dust supply system to the reactor catalytic combustion of fuel in it allows you to organize large-scale circulation of catalyst dust.

The fine powder catalyst is used to organize the aerosol catalysis in organic waste disposal reactor. SUMMARY aerosol catalysis lies in the use of catalytically active substance in finely divided form (Pat. Russian Federation 1715392, MKI 5 01 J 8/18. The method of chemical processes. Publ. BI 8, 1992).

By applying fine catalyst is achieved by increasing the reaction rate of disposal of organic waste by eliminating steps and pore-diffusion catalysis of equal surface. When aerosol catalysis reactor has a polydisperse system with the size of the active particles 8-400 nanometers (Glikin MA, Kutakova DA received EM, Fursov EV aerosol catalysis. Possibilities, Problems and Solutions // Chemical industry, 1999, 3, pp 149-155).

INSTALLATION FOR ORGANIC WASTE NEUTRALIZATION

The drawing shows a diagram of a plant for the disposal of organic waste. Installing for disposal of organic waste contains a catalytic reactor for combustion of fuel 1, catalyst dust separator 2, 3 cyclone reactor disposal of organic waste 4, chemisorbent dust separator 5, the fuel supply system 6, the catalyst dust 7, 8 and chemisorbent organic waste 9.

Installation for disposing of organic waste operates as follows. In the lower zone - a catalytic combustion reactor 1 - a grate air is supplied to maintain a fluidized catalyst bed above the grate and - fuel (kerosene) and catalyst powder. Fuel oxidation products with a temperature of 650-700 o C catalyst in reactor 1 reach catalyst dust separator 2, where there is a reduction in gas velocity and further into the cyclone 3 and then neutralizing the reactor 4 of fossil fuels.

In the lower part of the reactor 4 neutralization organic fuel containing an inert material, fed chemisorbent micronized (limestone), and in the central - organic wastes containing fluorine, chlorine and phosphorus compound. At a temperature of 750-800 o C in a fluidized bed of inert material occur oxidation of organic waste and binding heteroatoms.

Flue gases through chemisorbent dust separator 5 is fed to a cyclone (not shown) for collecting dust and waste chemisorbent in further fine gas purification.

To illustrate the operation of the inventive installation of concrete examples of neutralization of organic wastes.

Example. For processing organic waste fed - a mixture containing 70% of kerosene and 30% tributyl phosphate. The main task - to process the mixture is environmentally safe.

After separation of the mixture of formic acid additive two phases were obtained - kerosene feed to the catalytic combustion reactor, and tributyl phosphate doped with formic acid fed to the reactor the organic waste disposal.

The catalytic combustion reactor 1 was filled with 12-73 liters of IR-catalyst (mednomagniyhromovy on alumina support in the form of spherical beads). Consumption of compressed air supplied to the bottom of the reactor was 5000 l / hr of kerosene flow supplied to the combustion, reaches 0.3 liters / hour. At a temperature of 650-700 o C to complete oxidation reactor occurred kerosene. The products of incomplete oxidation of kerosene were absent. Deterioration of the catalyst was 0.5-1.0% per day.

The reactor disposal of organic waste 0.3 liters of inert material was filled (crushed silica glass). Fed into the reactor 0.2 liters / hour are neutralized mixture flow chemisorbent (finely ground limestone) was 250 g / h. The concentration of the catalyst in the reactor dust disposal of organic waste reaches 120-150 mg / m 3.

At a temperature of 750-800 o C in a fluidized bed of inert material is completely oxidized tributyl admixture with formic acid and quantitative binding chemisorbent formed phosphorus oxide (V) in calcium phosphate. Flue gas enters the system fine filter.

After cleaning gases contain pollutants at the level of maximum permissible concentration.

CLAIM

Installation for disposing of organic waste combustion in a fluidized bed, comprising two interconnected reactor equipped with an air supply means, grilles and partially filled bed of solid particles located misalignment, the output of the first reactor connected to an inlet of the second reactor, but also means for feeding organic waste and means for introducing a chemisorbent for at least one of the reactors and and means for collecting and recycling solid particles, characterized in that the first reactor fuel combustion as solid particles filled with catalyst and equipped with means of fuel supply and air, a and feed system, the second reactor decontamination waste catalyst dust as solid particles filled with an inert material and includes means for supplying detoxifies waste and chemisorbent, with the input of the second reactor provided with a cyclone and a hopper for collecting catalyst dust, and a hopper for collecting catalyst dust is connected with the system supplying the dust to the first reactor.

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Publication date 19.02.2007gg