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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2083923
WASTE INCINERATION CHAMBER
The name of the inventor: G. Armisheva; G. Batrakov; Vaisman Ya.I .; Karmanov VV; Korotaev V.N .; Petrov V.Yu .; Sorokin AI; Yusupov RM
The name of the patent holder: Perm State Technical University; Limited Liability Company "Konvek"
Address for correspondence:
Date of commencement of the patent: 1994.10.25
The invention relates to the thermal processing of waste. The waste afterburning chamber contains a metal cylindrical body with end flanges and a liner 3 of refractory material. The casing is provided with a jacket with fittings for supplying a cooling agent. The lining has a central axial channel of at least 70 mm with gas inlet and outlet holes with a diameter (0.3-1.0) d, which is filled with a lining material liner of the size of each lining element (0.15-0.3) d.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to devices for thermal processing, waste and can be used in the chemical industry and municipal services to reduce the toxicity of waste heat treatment reactors.
A device for burning gaseous combustible wastes is known, which allows the front of the flame to touch the walls of the combustion chamber [1]
The device comprises a tunnel type reaction chamber with an enlarged diameter and length: D t 3D g , L t (3 4) D g . The central angle of the straight-flow torch is approximately 25 degrees, which allows the flare to touch the walls, while excluding the suction of cold flue gases into the tunnel and reducing heat losses by radiation. At the exit from the tunnel there is a refractory wall. However, due to heat exchange with the combustion furnace wall, the possibility of forming a wall layer of gas in which the harmful organic compounds, for example, polychlorinated dioxins, from unburned soot particles and radicals always present in the flame, is possible.
A device for afterburning of waste is known, made in the form of a grate made of refractory material, which allows the process to be carried out at temperatures above 1250 K in corrosive media and destroys the near-wall cold layer by creating an obstacle in the path of the gas flow. However, immediately after the grating, the near- As a result of which such a solution turns out to be unsuitable for the treatment of dioxinogenic wastes requiring a residence time of at least 2 4 s in the zone with a temperature of 1400 1600 K. The increase in the lattice thickness is not effective due to cooling of the gas in the external channels. Repair of the lattice is difficult due to the need for its dismantling.
The closest in technical essence to the proposed device is the afterburner, containing a metal casing in the form of a cylinder 50 mm in diameter from stainless steel Х18Н10Т with end flanges, with a heater of nichrome wire mounted outside the cylinder. The body and the heater are thermally insulated from the outside with a layer of quartz glass wool. The internal cavity of the housing serves as a reaction chamber. The reaction chamber is heated up to the adiabatic combustion temperature of the after-combustion mixture (1250 K) and has the purpose of destroying the cold wall layer of the gas. During the operation, products of incomplete combustion of kerosene with a temperature of 750 850 K are supplied to the chamber inlet. Completeness of afterburning is 55% [3]
The reason preventing the obtaining of the required technical result in the known technical solution consists in the following.
The material of the afterburning zone does not provide the opportunity to work on corrosive media, for example, when burning chlorinated waste. Heating by means of a wire does not represent the possibility of operating at temperatures above 1300 K due to the possibility of a heater failure, this temperature is not sufficient to burn out polychlorinated dioxins, which flows quite efficiently at temperatures above 1400 K. A low degree of afterburning and probably associated with a low reaction temperature Zone. The experience of operation of similar devices shows that in the event of a heater failure, the repair requires a complete removal of the thermal insulation to replace the nichrome wire.
The task, to solve which the invention is directed, is to improve the afterburning conditions and simplify the repair of the afterburner.
The technical result that can be obtained in the practice of the invention is that improvement of the afterburning conditions is achieved by destroying the laminar cold wall layer of gas responsible for the formation and preservation of toxic compounds. In this case, the cause of the destruction of the laminar layer is the gas exchange between the core of the flow and the near-wall region and the turbulence of the near-wall layer by the nozzle.
The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the waste afterburner containing a metal casing in the form of a cylinder with end flanges, the inner surface of the chamber is provided with a lining of refractory material with a central axial channel of diameter d not less than 70 mm with gas inlet and outlet openings with a diameter of 0.3 1.0) d, filled with a liner from the lining material with the size of each element (0.15 0.3) d.
The technical result is further achieved in that the nozzle is made in the form of Raschig rings, cylinders, balls or lump material, the inner diameter D of the chamber has a size of at least 200 mm and a length L (2 10) D, and the body of the chamber is provided with a jacket for cooling .
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FIG. 1 shows a general view of the proposed device in longitudinal section; In Fig. 2 nozzle element.
The device comprises a metal cylindrical body 1 with an internal diameter D of not less than 200 mm and a length L of two to ten D with flanges 2 at the ends provided with an internal thermal insulation with a lining 3 of thickness up to 0.4 D from a corrosion and heat-resistant material such as dinas , With a central internal channel of diameter d not less than 70 mm, at the ends of which there are inlet and outlet openings for after-gas with a diameter from 0.3 to 1d. By means of the inlet flange, the afterburner is docked with a source of high-temperature gas, for example, with a waste incineration chamber. The housing can be provided with a jacket 4 with fittings 5 for supplying a cooling agent, for example water or air. The internal channel of the after burner is filled with a nozzle 6 of the same material as the liner, with the size of each element (0.15 0.30) d. The nozzle can be made in the form of balls, cylinders, Raschig rings, lump material.
DEVICE WORKS AS FOLLOWING
In the inlet, the waste gases from the waste incineration chamber are fed with an average temperature of 1000 3000 K and a speed of at least 30 m / s. The gas flow is divided by a nozzle 6 into separate jets that collide with each other and with the wall of the lining 3 along the entire length of the chamber, preventing stabilization of the wall layer. The size of the nozzle 6 is within 0.15
0,3d ensures the possibility of its uniform installation, in addition, at a flow rate of at least 30 m / s, gas flows while moving to the wall through the nozzle retain sufficient pressure to destabilize the formation of the cold wall layer, which ensures the efficiency of the afterburner. Lining reduces heat loss to the environment and protects the camera body from the effects of high temperatures and aggressive environments. From the chamber, the gas is sent to further processing through the outlet. The proposed device allows, when the thickness and material of the liner and nozzle are chosen correctly, to treat aggressive gases at a temperature above 1250 K, the nozzle contributes to the relative retention in the chamber of solid carbon particles, which are the main starting material for the resynthesis of dioxins and thereby their active burning out, the absence of a cold wall layer Promotes better burn-out of heat-resistant organic compounds, the necessary contact time is provided by a free choice of the volume of the inner lining channel. Repair is reduced to filling the channel with a nozzle.
CLAIM
1. A waste afterburner including a cylindrical metal housing with apertures for gas inlet and outlet, a channel lined with a refractory material filled with a gas permeable nozzle, characterized in that the inner channel has a diameter d of not less than 70 mm, the size of the gas inlet and outlet holes of diameter (0 , 3 10) d, and the size of the nozzle element is h (0.15 0.3) d.
2. A camera according to claim 1, characterized in that the nozzle is made in the form of Raschig rings, balls or lump material.
3. A camera according to claim 1, characterized in that the chamber body with an inner diameter of at least 200 mm is provided with a jacket for cooling.
print version
Publication date 20.02.2007gg
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