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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2267081
METHOD FOR STRAINING EXPLOSIVE SUBSTANCES FROM AMMUNITION
The name of the inventor: Smagin NP (RU); Laputin IG (RU); Perovskiy N.D. (RU); Filimonov V.O. (RU); Sozonov AM (RU); Smagin ON
The name of the patent holder: Smagin Nikolai Petrovich (RU); Laputin Igor Genrikhovich (RU); Perovsky Nikolay Dmitrievich (RU); Filimonov Vadim Olegovich (RU); Sozonov Alexander Mikhailovich (RU); Smagin Oleg Nikolaevich
Address for correspondence: 140106, Moscow Region, Ramenskoye, ul. Straight line, 24, ap. 20, N.P. Smagin
Date of commencement of the patent: 2003.08.25
The invention relates to the field of ammunition ammunition equipped with fusible explosives intended for disposal or repair. According to the invention, the method includes placing ammunition in a bath with a hot liquid coolant at a temperature higher than the melting point of the explosive, melting the explosive and draining it from the bath, while creating a turbulent flow of coolant around the ammunition casings in the bath, or part of the coolant, simultaneously with Flowing into the shell of the ammunition. As a heat carrier, aqueous solutions of metal salts are used. The melt of the explosive is drained under a layer of an aqueous solution of metal salts. The technical result of the invention is to increase the efficiency and safety of the smelting process.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
(EN) The invention relates to methods for dispatching warheads of munitions containing fusible explosives or explosives, fixed in the ammunition chamber on a fusible fixer, designed to extract fusible explosives from the ammunition casings and can be used in the repair or disposal of ammunition.
Known is the method [1], which includes the preparation of ammunition for disassembly, loading into a heating device, melting of explosives by hot air heated to 130 ° C.
The disadvantage of this method is low productivity, high energy consumption due to a small coefficient of heat transfer of the gaseous medium to the shell of the ammunition, incomplete cleaning of the ammunition from the explosive residues, caused by the remnants of a thin film of explosives on the walls of the ammunition after smelting.
Known method [2], taken by us for a prototype, which includes the preparation of ammunition for disassembling, loading in a bath with hot water, smelting explosives, extracting molten TNT from the bath.
The disadvantage of this method is the high energy costs due to the small coefficient of heat transfer from water to the shell of the ammunition and the noticeable solubility of explosives in hot water, which increases the danger of ammunition disposal and requires a complex water purification system. In addition, pairs of TNT, which are highly hazardous substances of the 2nd class of hazard for human health, fall into the air of industrial premises where smelting is carried out according to GOST 12.1.005-88 and GOST 12.1.007-76.
The object of the present invention is to intensify the smelting processes, increase productivity, reduce energy costs and improve the safety of the ammunition disposal method.
The stated task is solved by the fact that in the method of ammunition dismantling by smelting the explosive to increase the coefficient of heat transfer in the bath creates a turbulent flow of the coolant, as the coolant uses aqueous solutions of metal salts, and the effect of the coolant on ammunition is carried out by flowing turbulent flow of coolant around the ammunition bodies or part of the coolant, Simultaneously with the flow, is fed into the shell of the ammunition. Optimal for effective heat transfer and high productivity of the smelting process are the corridor or chess layout of the ammunition in the bath with the smallest distance between them 0.3 diameter of the warhead. The molten explosive from the bath through the heated tap is drained into the receiving container under a layer of an aqueous solution of salts.
The application of the influence of turbulent flow on ammunition allows a 5-10-fold increase in the rate of heat transfer from the coolant to the ammunition and, correspondingly, a 5-10-fold decrease in the melting time of explosives.
The use of aqueous solutions of metal salts (aluminum sulfate, magnesium sulphate, calcium nitrate and others) makes it possible to further increase the heat transfer coefficient from the coolant to the ammunition due to large values of density and thermal conductivity in comparison with water. In addition, aqueous solutions of metal salts, which are strong electrolytes, reduce the formation of suspensions and the solubility of explosives in water.
The simultaneous application of a flow of coolant to the shell of the ammunition and explosive charge of explosives inside the hull sharply increases the intensity of the smelting of explosives and reduces the specific energy consumption for the equipment.
Draining the molten explosive into the receiving container under the layer of an aqueous solution of salts and its crystallization there excludes the possibility of the entry of explosive vapors into the air of industrial premises.
The essence of the invention is explained in the drawings, which shows the scheme for implementing the proposed method for smelting explosives from ammunition. The arrows indicate the direction of flow in the melting bath.
Example 1.
 |
FIG. 1 shows a scheme for melting TNT in a hot heat carrier stream by heating through an ammunition body. Ammunition of 1 small and medium caliber, equipped with trotyl and opened by unscrewing fuses, are placed in a staggered or corridor order with a hole for the fuse downwards, into the bath of smelting 2 with an aqueous solution of salts 3 heated to a temperature of 90-100 ° C with a concentration of 5-25 wt. %. The mixing device 4 is turned on, creating in the bath a turbulent flow of an aqueous solution with a velocity of not less than 0.1 m / s. The grate 5 separates the smelted trotyl 6 from the coolant flow and prevents the formation of a suspension of trotyl droplets in the aqueous solution. After melting all the TNT from the ammunition, the agitator is switched off. Molten TNT through heated tap 7 is drained into the receiving container under a layer of an aqueous solution of salts heated to a temperature of 80-90 ° C and in this form is sent for further processing. Empty shells of ammunition are extracted from the bath and the cycle is repeated. |
Example 2.
 |
FIG. 2 shows a scheme for melting TNT in a hot heat carrier stream by heating through a shell of an ammunition, and simultaneously flushing it out of the body. Ammunition of 1 medium and large caliber, equipped with trotyl and opened by unscrewing fuses, are placed in staggered or corridor order with a hole for the fuse down coaxially with nozzles 8 in the bath of smelting 2 with an aqueous solution of salts 3 heated to 90-100 ° C with a concentration of 5 -25% by weight. The mixing device 4 is turned on, creating in the bath a turbulent flow of an aqueous solution at a speed of not less than 0.1 m / s and feeding through the nozzles 8 of the same solution to the ammunition shell at a pressure of 0.4-1.0 MPa. The grate 5 separates the smelted trotyl 6 from the coolant flow and prevents the formation of a suspension of trotyl droplets in the aqueous solution. After melting all the TNT from the ammunition, the agitator is switched off. Molten TNT through the heated tap 7 is drained into the receiving container under a layer of an aqueous solution of salts heated to a temperature of 80-90 ° C and sent for further processing. Empty shells of ammunition are extracted from the bath and the cycle is repeated. |
Example 3.
 |
FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of the melt blasting of test pieces in a hot heat carrier stream by heating through an ammunition body. Ammunition 1, equipped with BB guns on a fusible fixer 9 and opened by unscrewing fuses, is placed in a staggered or corridor order by a hole for equipment down to the bath of smelting 2 with a receiver of checkers 10 installed at its bottom and heated to a temperature of 90-100 ° C with an aqueous solution of salts 3 with a concentration of 5-25% by weight. The grate 5 separates the melted checkers 9 from the coolant flow and prevents the formation of a slurry of the explosive particles in the aqueous solution. The mixing device 3 is turned on, creating in the bath a turbulent flow of an aqueous solution at a speed of not less than 0.1 m / s. After dropping all the pieces of ammunition, the agitator is turned off. Empty shells of ammunition are extracted from the bath. The receiver of the checkers is removed from the bath, unloaded from the checkers and the cycle is repeated. |
USED BOOKS
1. The patent of Germany No. 1678212, cl. From 06 to 21/00.
2. Dismantling and disposal of aviation weapons of the type S-8, S-5, PTAB-2, 5, FAB-250. Sat. "Integrated Disposal of Conventional Ammunition", 1 Russian Scientific and Technical Conference., Moscow: TSNIINTIKPK, 1995, p.57.
CLAIM
1. A method for smelting an explosive from a shell of an ammunition, including placing it in a bath with a hot liquid coolant at a temperature higher than the melting point of the explosive, melting the explosive and draining it from the bath, characterized in that in order to increase the efficiency and safety of the smelting process in the bath Create a turbulent flow of the coolant, water solutions of metal salts are used as the coolant, the effect of the coolant on ammunition is carried out by flowing around the ammunition turbulent flow around the ammunition casings, or a part of the coolant is supplied to the munitions casing simultaneously with the flow, and the explosive is drained under a layer of an aqueous solution of metal salts.
2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the aqueous solution of the heat-transfer agent as metal salts contains aluminum sulfurous acid, magnesium sulfate, calcium nitrate, sodium nitrate, or a mixture thereof in an amount of 5-25% by weight .
3. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the ammunition in the bath is arranged in a staggered or corridor order with the smallest distance between them of 0.3 times the diameter of the warhead.
4. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that, before the first row of ammunition in the flow direction of the coolant, turbulators of a flow of a coolant of arbitrary design are installed.
5. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that a jet of a hot coolant with a temperature above the melting point of the explosive is supplied to the surface of the explosive into the shell of the munition.
print version
Publication date 20.02.2007gg
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