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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2267082
METHOD OF DISSEMINATION OF AMMUNITION
The name of the inventor: Smagin NP (RU); Smagin SN (RU); Laputin IG (RU); Perovskiy N.D. (RU); Filimonov V.O. (RU); Sozonov AM
The name of the patent holder: Smagin Nikolai Petrovich (RU); Smagin Sergey Nikolaevich (RU); Laputin Igor Genrikhovich (RU); Perovsky Nikolay Dmitrievich (RU); Filimonov Vadim Olegovich (RU); Sozonov Alexander Mikhailovich
Address for correspondence: 140106, Moscow Region, Ramenskoye, ul. Straight line, 24, ap. 20, N.P. Smagin
Date of commencement of the patent: 2003.08.25
The invention relates to the field of disposal of ammunition warheads intended for disposal or repair. According to the invention, the method includes disassembling them and providing open access to the explosive, feeding a high-pressure liquid jet to the surface of the explosive, destroying and flushing the explosive from the shell of the warheads of the ammunition, the combat portion being preheated to a temperature of 40-80 ° C , The working fluid is preheated to a temperature not lower than the melting temperature of the explosives or the fusible component, after which the explosives are washed out. The liquid is water or aqueous solutions of inorganic salts, heated to a temperature of 50-130 ° C. The aqueous solution contains inorganic salts - sodium nitrate or calcium nitrate, or aluminum, sulfuric acid, or magnesium sulfate, or zinc sulfate, or a mixture of 5-25% by weight. The technical result of the invention is an increase in the efficiency, safety and environmental purity of the extraction of explosives.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
(EN) The invention relates to the field of ammunition disposal and is intended for extracting explosives from explosive bodies by hydrodynamic destruction of a discontinuous charge by high pressure liquid jets and can be used for the repair or disposal of their warheads.
A method of ammunition dispensing is known [1], which includes the supply of a high-pressure liquid jet to the surface of a rupture charge through nozzles with a nozzle, destruction and washing out of explosives from the ammunition casing. The drawbacks of this method are the need to apply a high-pressure liquid jet to the surface of the explosive, which is much higher than the strength of explosives and capable of effectively destroying it, and the formation of a large number of small particles of explosives forming stable finely dispersed suspensions in the liquid, which leads to high energy costs, System of treatment facilities and reduces the efficiency and productivity of the processes of outfitting. In addition, this method is applicable only to ammunition with a discontinuous charge of a simple axisymmetric shape.
[2], which we took as a prototype, including the supply of a jet of a high-pressure liquid to the surface of a discontinuous charge through a nozzle with a nozzle whose axis is inclined to the axis of the head of the rod, and the latter performs two rotational motions-a rotational movement around its own Axis and a portable rotation around the axis of the ammunition.
The drawback of this method is the need to apply a high-pressure liquid jet to the surface of the discontinuous charge, the complexity of the design of the facility, the incomplete extraction of explosives from munitions of complex design that do not fall under the direct action of a liquid jet (for example, warhead missiles and marine torpedoes, Control and detonation) and the formation of a large number of small particles of explosives, which form stable fine dispersions in the liquid, which requires a complex system of treatment facilities.
The object of the present invention is to substantially simplify the technology, increase the productivity of the process while guaranteeing the extraction of explosives from the ammunition casings, reducing the necessary pressure of the liquid jet and the amount of stable fine dispersions produced in the fluid while ensuring the safety of the method.
The stated task is solved by the fact that in the ammunition discharge method by washing the explosive from the shell of the munition with a high pressure liquid jet supplied to the exposed surface of the explosive through nozzles with a nozzle, the ammunition is preheated to a temperature of 40-80 ° C to reduce the explosive strength, Or an aqueous solution of inorganic salts at a temperature of 80-130 ° C. As inorganic salts, nitric or sulfuric acid salts of aluminum, zinc, calcium, magnesium, sodium or a mixture thereof are used. In this case, the nozzle can have one nozzle whose axis coincides with the nozzle axis or several nozzles, the axis of one of them coincides with the axis of the nozzle, and the axes of the remaining ones are inclined to the nozzle axis at angles in the range from 45 ° to 135 °. The flow pattern of the liquid jets is shown in FIG.
The destruction of explosive charge ammunition occurs when the dynamic pressure of the liquid jet exceeds the surface of the explosive and depends on the density of the liquid, the velocity of the jet and the strength of the explosive charge. Preliminary heating of ammunition leads to a significant decrease in the strength of the explosive charge and, as a consequence, to a decrease in the pressure necessary for the destruction of explosives.
Heating the jet liquid to a temperature above 80 ° C results in additional heating and melting of explosives or their components and acceleration of the leaching processes. The use of aqueous solutions of metal salts, which are strong electrolytes, increases the density of the jet and its destructive effect, sharply reduces the formation of suspensions and the solubility of explosives in water due to agglomeration and fusion of small particles of explosives into larger ones. Table 1 shows the dependence of strength of trotyl on temperature and strength at 20 ° C of the most common mixed explosives with a fusible component.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the inventive method for ammunition disposal.
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Ammunition 1, opened by unscrewing the fuse, is placed in the heating chamber 2 and heated to a temperature of 40-80 ° C, which softens or melts the explosive explosive components. Then the ammunition is supplied to the fixing device 3 and a hollow rod 4 is introduced into the ignition cup of the ammunition 4. There is a nozzle 5 with a nozzle in the head of the rod, through which a water solution of salts, preheated to a temperature of 80-130 ° C in the preheater 7 A mixture of liquid with particles of explosive from the ammunition falls on the tray 8 and then into the receiving hopper 9, where the gravitational separation of the explosive and the aqueous solution takes place. Further, the excess aqueous solution through the filter system 10 enters the preheater 7 for subsequent use when the explosive is flushed out of the following ammunition. After the end of the washout, the barbell is removed from the ammunition casing.
The advantage of the proposed method lies in the optimal use of the properties of the high-speed jet and the explosive explosives and ensures the complete and effective washing out of all explosives used for ammunition of various designs, at lower power inputs and for a shorter time, while ensuring environmental purity and safety of the process.
USED BOOKS
1. The method of ammunition dismantling by hydro-washing of explosives in combination with the hydraulic cutting of the hull. Sat. "Integrated Disposal of Conventional Ammunition", 1 Russian Scientific and Technical Conference, Moscow, TsNIINTIKPK, 1995, p.51.
2. The patent of the Russian Federation №2175432, cl. F 42 B 33/06.
CLAIM
1. A method for extracting explosives from ammunition warheads, comprising disassembling them and providing open access to the explosive, feeding a high-pressure liquid jet to the surface of the explosive, destroying and flushing the explosive from the shell of the warheads of the munitions, characterized in that for increasing efficiency And ecological purity of the explosives extraction processes, the warhead is preheated to a temperature of 40-80 ° C, and water or aqueous solutions of inorganic salts are used as the liquid, which is preheated to a temperature of 80-130 ° C, after which the explosives are washed out.
2. A process according to claim 1, characterized in that the aqueous solution as inorganic salts contains calcium nitrate or sodium nitrate, or aluminum, sulfuric acid, or magnesium sulfate, or zinc sulfuric acid, or a mixture thereof In an amount of 5-25% by weight.
print version
Publication date 20.02.2007gg
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