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EFFECT OF WEIGHT CHANGES IN A LIMITED VOLUME
THEORY OF ELECTRIC CURRENT
Sizov V.P.
This work is devoted to theoretical studies of electric current. The author of the work is Sizov V.P. The work is written in an extremely simple language for a common understanding.
Current representation of electric current
To date, it is believed that the electric current is a directed motion of charged particles - that is, the motion of electrons. In any textbook, the classical concept of electric current is described, it does not make sense to cite it. Some electrical phenomena and examples do not fit into this concept.
1. There is no solution from the point of view of the classical definition of electric current, the following problem. The current passing through the lead fuse worries him. Find the speed of motion of electrons in the fuse. We are given: the material from which the fuse is made is lead. In the handbooks we can see the melting point of lead. We know the room temperature at which the fuse T com is located. The difference in these temperatures is the desired temperature for which it is necessary to heat the fuse
T suit.
T lawsuit = T pl -Tom
Q = T claim mC + lm (J)
Where: m- fuse weight
C- specific heat of lead
L - lead melting
Correspondingly, the same work Q 1 = Q is performed by electrons carrying electric current.
Q 1 = m e V 2 k / 2
Where: m e is the electron mass.
V is the electron velocity.
K is the number of electrons.
Knowing that according to the classical definition of current, only one electron from each atom participates in the process, then k is the number of lead atoms in the fuse. When solving this problem, V is simply out-of-bounds. Considering the fact that the electrons move along the tangent to the nucleus of the atom, and do not fall into it perpendicularly. One can make the assumption that all the same the electric current is not the motion of electrons, but something else.
2. The phenomenon of piezoelectric effect is difficult to explain from the point of view of electric current. It is impossible to explain how the electric current causes an electrical action on the object. And the reverse process, the electric current deforms the object.
3. In industrial production, electric welding is used. At the beginning of welding at the moment of contact of the electrode with the welded object, when the electric arc has not yet lit. The maximum current flows through the welding cables. So in this short moment the cables start to move and twitch. It is impossible to explain this phenomenon from the point of view of the classical theory of electric current.
4. In addition, it is impossible to explain the phenomenon of static electricity. When rubbing wool, amber and amber and wool are dielectrics.
Theoretical assumption
Perhaps electric current is not an ordered movement of electrons, but an ordered motion of the nuclei of atoms of matter that conducts electric current.
Let's try to justify this assumption.
Let the electric current be an ordered vibration of the nuclei of the atoms of the conductor.
Fig.1 The nucleus of an atom under the action of an electric current
In the absence of an electric current, the nucleus is at rest in the center of the atom, and when the electric current starts to rotate. And if the current flows along the conductor from you, the core rotates clockwise, and when the current flows to you, it's against the clock.
This hypothesis easily explains such a phenomenon as magnetism. Consider schematically the simplest bar magnet.
Suppose for simplicity that the rod magnet has one turn of wire. In the right wire, the current flows from us, and in the left wire to us. Accordingly, the right core of the atom of the conductor will rotate clockwise, and the left core of the conductor counterclockwise. In all atoms of the rod magnet the nuclei will shift to the top. Accordingly, at the top there will be S to the bottom N. If the current is lost, the nuclei will again occupy their position. Accordingly, the reverse process. When a permanent magnet is inserted into the coil, the atoms of the nuclei of the conductor begin to unwind, depending on the polarity of the magnet in one direction or the other. This hypothesis is confirmed by another electrotechnical experiment.
If 100 turns of wire are wound on a ferromagnetic rod, then the same wire is bent and rewound the same 100 turns of the same wire, then the resistance of such an inductor will be infinite in alternating current.
Accordingly, the nucleus in the right conductor will rotate clockwise, and in the left conductor the same clockwise and displacement of the atomic nuclei in the core magnet does not occur.
This hypothesis can be confirmed by another more complicated electrotechnical experiment.
Let us take an ordinary solenoid. We will attach it to threads in such a position that if it is fed with current, with the proviso that the magnetic field arisen in the solenoid will be perpendicular to the magnetic field of the earth. This is done so that the magnetic field of the earth does not affect the conduct of the experiment. Thus, we can swing this solenoid to almost any amplitude. The alternating voltage applied to the solenoid must naturally coincide with the frequency of the solenoid oscillating. This experience is shown in the figure below.
Solenoid rocking occurs due to the fact that, when the current is applied to it, all the nuclei of the solenoid atoms simultaneously start moving in one direction, respectively, an impulse appears, and the solenoid will swing in the same direction, where the movement of these nuclei is directed.
At the first pulse, when the solenoid deviates as much as possible, it starts moving in the opposite direction and at the moment of its passing the rest point it is necessary to turn off the current. The nuclei of the atoms will return to their original place and in the solenoid the impulse will reappear only in the opposite direction. Once the solenoid has passed a rest point, it is necessary to apply again only a reverse polarity to it, and turn off the current when the solenoid passes a rest point in the opposite direction.
Thus, the solenoid can be swung to any amplitude.
This effect is very well audible. If you place the solenoid vertically and apply an alternating current to it, you will hear a buzz. That eats the solenoid oscillates to the top in the bottom. It varies with the frequency with which the alternating voltage is applied to it. In essence, the engineering task is reduced to making the solenoid oscillate not in the landmarks to the bottom in one place, but in order to oscillate to the top to the top to the top.
You can give one more example from the school curriculum. Known to all the experience of attracting and repelling conductors among themselves. The experience is that if two parallel conductors pass current in one direction, the conductors will be attracted to each other. And if the current along them goes in different directions, then they repel each other. The whole trick is that the conductors must necessarily feed from one source of current, otherwise the experiment fails, or partially.
This theory is confirmed by other experience, more complex. We take a solid metallic sphere of a ferromagnet. We wind two perpendicular windings A and B on it . On these windings we will give different variables sinusoidal voltages shifted relative to each other by 90 degrees. The drawing of the winding on the ball is given below. In this case, you can change the weight of the ball without changing its mass.
All the nuclei of the atoms of the sphere will move in this sphere not only to the top in the bottom, but in the plane according to the figure of the leaf. Which is given below.
And as it is not strange in the balloon there will be a force directed to the top. And the ball itself either loses weight or starts moving with acceleration in the same direction.
This phenomenon is observed when gyroscopes rotate, only in a more complex physical system.
The conducted experiment shows a very low efficiency of an unsupported engine, only about 7%. Below are the sinusoids fed to the windings of the ball.
Frequency fed to winding A
Frequency supplied to winding B
This experience is easiest to hold the ball on a thin long thread, and after applying a voltage, notice the deviation of the ball from the vertical axis. To apply voltage to the windings, it is mandatory to use current amplifiers, not voltage amplifiers, otherwise deviations will not occur.
This phenomenon can be used for mining rare-earth and precious metals, moving in space, etc. etc.
print version
Author: Sizov V.P.
PS The material is protected.
Date of publication June 16, 2004
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