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THEORY OF RELATIVITY, NEW APPROACHES, NEW IDEAS

To the 100th anniversary of the theory of relativity

Author of the article: VM Myasnikov

Welcome to the forum

• Introduction
• Reference frames. Inertial reference frames. Real (physical) and virtual ISO
• Ether
• The postulate of relativity (Galileo, Poincare, Einstein)
• The principle of relativity. The postulate of relativity + covariant coordinate systems
• Quarters - new mathematical objects in physics
• STO * - new edition
• Addition of effects in SRT *. Addition of velocities. Tachyons
• The speed of light in the ether. Light-bearing ether
• Speed ​​of light in the medium. The Vavilov-Cherenkov effect
• Instead of concluding

SYSTEMS OF COUNTRY
INERTIAL SYSTEMS OF PAYMENT
REAL (PHYSICAL) AND VIRTUAL ISO

The reference system I call the reference point and its neighborhood, all points of which are defined (given, for example, by radius vectors) exclusively from the reference point. The choice of another reference point and / or another definition of the points of the neighborhood from the reference point should be interpreted as a transition to another reference frame.

The proposed definition of a frame of reference is still purely mathematical, and as such, can be used in both mathematics and physics (with appropriate interpretation). The neighborhood is here - and the mathematical concept of a neighborhood of a point that can be finite or infinite, include the point itself or not include, etc. Thus, the frame of reference is a part or all of the space in which the reference point is selected (fixed) and all points Space "are considered" from the point of reference. In physics, often, for the convenience of speech, the so-called "physics" is introduced. "Observer" (an arbitrary physical object, "from the point of view of which" the physical situation is considered.) The reader can always imagine himself as such an observer. And then the frame of reference can be interpreted as a space, as it "sees" the observer from the point of reference.

The physical reference point I call the real body, whose position in real space is defined, and whose dimensions, if necessary, can be neglected.

I call a virtual reference point a point whose position in space is defined, there is no real body at this point, but it can be "thought out", and in this sense consider this point (only in theory!) As a physical point.

A physical frame of reference is a frame of reference with a physical reference point. In a physical reference system, any coordinate system can be chosen. It is also assumed that there is a necessary set of standards (and tools) for determining (by the observer) coordinates, time and all other physical quantities in terms of which phenomena are described. We draw attention to the fact that the required set of standards is determined for a given frame of reference. In another frame of reference, there may be another, its own set and its standards.

A virtual frame of reference is a frame of reference with a virtual reference point. All the rest - as in the physical reference frame (but only in theory!).

The system of coordinates, in the most general form, is a special language (mathematical apparatus) that establishes a one-to-one correspondence between points in space and a set of numbers (coordinates), curves in space and equations, etc. I believe that the reader is familiar with the basic concrete coordinate systems (Cartesian, spherical, etc.). I gave this definition to emphasize that coordinate systems are a language invented by us, people, to describe spatial objects. In nature, there are no coordinate systems, in contrast to the reference systems, and to speak, for example, of the motion of the coordinate system must be very carefully.

Reference frames . Coordinate systems . I categorically insist on distinguishing the concepts of the frame of reference and their transformation and coordinate system and their transformation . We can consider several reference frames and in each of them several different coordinate systems. The coordinates of a point (events) can change because there is: a) a transition from one coordinate system to another in the same reference frame; B) transition from one coordinate system in one frame to the same coordinate system in another reference system; C) transition from one coordinate system in one reference frame to another coordinate system in another reference frame. And in all the listed cases, the coordinate changes are called one term - the coordinate transformation . But in the case of a), the coordinate transformations mean only a change in the description of the event under unchanging physical conditions (in one frame of reference) and have no physical meaning. In the case of b) the coordinate transformations, on the contrary, mean the invariance of the description when the physical conditions change (transition to a new frame of reference) and, of course, can have some physical meaning. Finally, in case c), both of these cases are intermixed and it is not always possible to separate the description from the physical content. But it is necessary to do it !

In an inertial frame of reference, I refer to a reference frame whose space with respect to the reference point is homogeneous and isotropic . The motion with constant speed does not violate the conditions of homogeneity and isotropy, therefore the frame of reference moving at a constant speed with respect to another inertial system is inertial (note that the motion with constant velocity (by inertia) does not enter into the definition of the inertial system, but is a property Inertial systems).

A physical inertial frame of reference is called an inertial system with a physical reference point. In the future, in this title we omit the word "physical"; An inertial system is always called a physical inertial frame of reference.

A virtual inertial frame of reference is called an inertial system with a virtual reference point.

The motion of an inertial system (physical or virtual) relative to another inertial system or any other object is called the corresponding movement of its reference point (physical or virtual), and with it all points determined from the reference point ..

The motion of any object relative to an inertial system is the movement of this object relative to the reference point (physical or virtual) of the inertial system

As is known, strictly homogeneous and isotropic real spaces are not present in the Universe, therefore there are no inertial systems in the strict sense of this concept. As a definition of a real inertial system, I propose the following:

The real frame of reference can be considered inertial in real physical conditions insofar as in these physical conditions the space can be considered homogeneous and isotropic.

print version
Author: V. M. Myasnikov
PS The material is protected.
Date of publication 09.02.2005гг

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