|
Start of section
Production, amateur Radio amateurs Aircraft model, rocket-model Useful, entertaining |
Stealth Master
Electronics Physics Technologies Inventions |
Secrets of the cosmos
Secrets of the Earth Secrets of the Ocean Tricks Map of section |
  |
| Use of the site materials is allowed subject to the link (for websites - hyperlinks) | |||
Navigation: => |
Home / Physics / Discoveries / Fundamentals of neutron physics / |
|
BASES OF NEUTRON PHYSICS
Valeriy Fedorovich Andrus
" Our task is to develop means of obtaining energy from stocks that are eternal and inexhaustible, to develop methods that do not use the consumption and consumption of any" material "carriers. Now we are absolutely sure that the realization of this idea is not far off.: The opportunities for development This concept consists precisely in the fact that to use for the work of engines in any point of the planet the pure energy of the surrounding space ... "
(Tesla, 1897)
To get started, download the conversion table for chemical elements
See also: |
CHAPTER I
Terms and Definitions
Chemical bonds
1. Covalent bond.
"The chemical bond, carried out by electron pairs, is called atomic or covalent. Such a coupling is formed by overlapping one-electron atomic clouds with opposite spins. Compounds with a covalent bond are called homeopolar, or atomic. There are two types of covalent bond - polar and nonpolar. In the case of a nonpolar covalent bond, the electron cloud formed by a common pair of electrons, or an electronic coupling cloud, is distributed in space symmetrically relative to the nuclei of both atoms. An example are diatomic molecules consisting of atoms of one element: H2, Cl2, O2, N2, F2, etc. They have an electron pair to both atoms equally. These substances have low melting and boiling points, they do not dissociate into ions in water. In the case of a polar covalent bond, the electron bond cloud is shifted toward the more electronegative atom, i.e. To an atom with greater relative electronegativity. Examples of this are molecules of volatile inorganic compounds: HCl, H2O, H2S, NH2, etc. "
A nonpolar covalent bond in neutron physics (NF) is the docking of two needles vertically in the gravitational flow with the overcoming of magnetic repulsive forces, for example, in two identical Helium hedgehogs of two southern poles with opposite spins (spins). The magnetic repulsive forces in this case covalent bond for all gases are maximum, and when heated - bombarded by heat carriers, they are most easily destroyed. It is because of the maximum magnetic repulsive forces that these substances have low melting and boiling points. Two docked fives stop rotating relative to each other, since there is no unit at the junction.
Polar covalent bonding over NF is the docking of two needles of different "hedgehogs" of elements vertically with the ends of the magnetic repulsive forces (two southern poles) with the opposite spin (spins). The longer the "hedgehog" needles, the stronger the magnets, since more neutrinos are involved in the process of their creation. More powerful magnetic lines of force - the ropes of a larger element are shifted from the place where the ends of the needle of the line meet - the rope of the smaller element towards its unit. The magnet of the needle of the larger element grabs the fives of the needle of the smaller element, twists them to its side and thus moves the docking space. To undock a new junction, much less thermal energy is required. The original end connection did not have one neutron unit, and after undocking at the new connection point, we get an α-packet at the end of the needle without a two-fiver acceleration mechanism that, after undocking, splits into separate free neutrons and turns into ordinary thermal carriers (the reaction will pass with the release Heat).
"... The direction of the covalent bond is one of its most important properties. It determines the spatial structure of molecules, i.e. Their form.
It is known that a covalent bond arises in the direction of the maximum overlapping of electron clouds (orbitals) of interacting atoms ... ".
Docking along the vertical - the direction of the connection is determined by the direction of the Earth's gravitational flow.
Docking provides the maximum "overlapping of electronic clouds" - only in one case, when two "cubes" of Hydrogen, which has a rib shorter than the diagonal, describe the conditional spherical surface of the "electronic cloud".
2. Ionic bonding.
"... The chemical bond between ions, carried out by electrostatic attraction, is called electrovalent, or ionic bond.
Ionic compounds are relatively few. They have high melting and boiling points, they have electrical conductivity in the molten state, they readily dissociate into ions in water. Ionic compounds consist of individual molecules only in the vapor state. In this case, for example, one ion 
Is connected to one ion 
. In the solid (crystalline) state, the ionic compounds consist of regularly located positive and negative ions. For example, in sodium chloride, as determined by the X-ray study (structural analysis), each ion Surrounded by six ions 
, And each ion 
Surrounded by six sodium ions. Ions as a whole are a giant molecule consisting of such ions ... "
Let us consider the principle of ionic bonding over NF. Ion bonding in the gas state is impossible, since the needles have the same poles along the vertical and horizontal axis, but it is necessary to join the needles with the ends with different poles. That in the horizontal and vertical planes there are unlike magnetic poles of "hedgehogs", it is necessary to convert at least one of them into an isotope (ion).
How does this happen? "Hedgehog" in the gas state with an elongated vertical axis of the south poles connects a new five neutrons to the upper needle with the nuclear engine turned on and makes a dash from top to bottom, collecting neutrons of the gravitational flow with the end of the lower needle with a magnet.
The axis turns into the longest and turns across the gravitational flow to the horizontal position - this is the "hedgehog" - the isotope "liquid". Four needles with north poles rotate around a long horizontal axis.
A periodic alternating magnetic field appeared in the horizontal plane, and the north pole appeared in the vertical plane. The main version of the docking is vertical. Let's look at the example for NaCl docking. Chlorine is in the gas state, i.e. It has a vertical axis with south poles (minuses). Na is the "hedgehog" - "liquid", and on the vertical axis it has the north poles (pluses). Chlorine will dock under the influence of the gravitational flow from above to the "hedgehog" Sodium, i.e. Its lower south pole will dock with the upper north pole of Sodium.
As usual, there will not be a neutron at the place where the butt-ends of the needles are joined, i.e. In this place there will be a future undocking of "hedgehogs". The magnetic field of the docked needles will become common, and through it hybridization of the magnetic fields of "hedgehogs" will occur. The total long axis of the two "hedgehogs" under the side impacts of neutrons can not stand vertically in the gravitational flow and will occupy a horizontal position. On the long now horizontal axis from the side of Chlorine there will be a minus, and from the side of Sodium - a plus.
The second way of ionic connection is the docking in the horizontal plane of long axes with ends without a neutron - a unit of differently charged needles, but not gases and isotopes, but molecules. Here, hybridization of the magnetic fields of two molecules now occurs. A chain of horizontal molecules is a liquid 
. The twisting of such chains is very weak, and free needles-the advantages of Chlorine tend to dock with the ends of the needles-minus Sodium, which leads to the formation of a crystal with alternating elements, in which, in addition to the ionic bond in the longitudinal chains and through a single chain in the transverse bonds of the needles, there is also a covalent polar Communication through a single chain in cross-links. Otherwise, ionic and covalent bonds alternate in transverse connections.
Primary destruction of NaCl crystals by water chains that freely penetrate into the lattice due to smaller dimensions occurs precisely along covalent bonds, and then released needles due to hybrid magnetic bonds help water break the ionic bonds of molecules.
3. Metal bonding.
"... This kind of chemical bond - the attraction between ions and socialized electrons - is called a metal bond. And here the nature of communication is electrical ... "
The metal connection differs from those considered earlier in that the docking of two or more "hedgehogs" occurs only in states:
1. "Hedgehog" - "liquid" + "hedgehog" - "liquid" (isotopes).
2. "Hedgehog" - "liquid" + "hedgehog" - "solid" (isotopes).
3. "Hedgehog" - "solid body" + "hedgehog" - "solid body" (isotopes).
And it is carried out not by the ends of needles, but by imposing them on each other.
We will begin, as always, with the "hedgehog" - "gas" of this element, which can not have a metallic connection for the reasons stated below.
"Hedgehog" - "gas" has a vertical axis with the south poles - minuses and power magnetic lines - ropes in the form of a box of cotton, which cause the needles to be joined only by the ends. In order for a metal bond to occur, it is necessary to have conditions when the needles slide one over the other and can be connected by superimposing each other with neutron interaction.
The first such condition is the impossibility of finding identical hedgehogs in three states in the same mixture and under the same conditions.
The basic states are "hedgehog" - "liquid" and "hedgehog" - "solid body", in which there are two and four long needles in the horizontal plane, respectively, with an obligatory alternating arrangement of opposite poles. When the "hedgehog" in any of these states oscillates around a short vertical axis with the north poles in the horizontal plane, it will always have an alternating magnetic field. The alternating magnetic field of the "hedgehog" of the same element in the "liquid" and "solid" state will differ. In the "liquid" state, the strongest magnetic field at the southern poles is like the longest needles, which include the power lines of the rope of the four northern poles.
In the "solid" state, the longest axis will be the axis with the north poles in the horizontal plane with a stronger magnetic field than the vertical axis with the north poles, but still weaker by almost half the field of the south poles. How will the hedgehogs behave with alternating magnetic fields in contrast to the hedgehogs with constant magnetic fields in the horizontal plane? And the "hedgehogs" of one element. Naturally, they will oscillate relative to their vertical axes, then approaching due to the attraction of opposite poles, then pushing back when they meet the same poles.
When a lot of "hedgehogs" are in the same group, they will not be able to synchronize their fluctuations due to the polarity. The docking will occur vertically, only now with needles with the north poles, but not the ends, but overlapping with the overcoming of the magnetic repulsion due to the inertia of the masses under oscillations.
The long axis of the two docked "hedgehogs" will rotate vertically, as usual, in a horizontal position. In contrast to the ionic bond, in which the end needles of the long axis had different poles, for the metal bond these same needles will have the same north poles. The rotation of two "hedgehogs" - molecules leads to the appearance of alternating magnetic fields in the vertical plane and to oscillations in the perpendicular plane.
It is the vibrations and inert masses of "hedgehogs" that ensure the connection of the needles by superposition on each other in both planes.
In the places where the needles are laid on each other, the magnetic fields are destroyed and the twist of the docked areas is sharply reduced.
If the needles are completely tightened, then the magnetic fields and their twisting will disappear. That is, conditions for superconductivity will be created. Partly an increase in conductivity can be obtained by forging metal.
Now let's see how single-pole and multi-pole needles will be pulled together.
Raznopololyusnye needles will tend to contract as much as possible under the influence of neutron and magnetic forces.
Single-pole needles under the action of neutron forces tend to contract, and magnetic repulsive forces tend, on the contrary, to move them apart.
4. Sedimentary connections.
Modern science knows three connections of elements - covalent, ionic, metal. Neutron chemistry introduces three more - sedimentary covalent, sedimentary ionic, sedimentary metal.
Sedimentary bonds are a layered connection of horizontal planes of groups of elements and molecules that are poorly or not at all interlocking with one another and overcome the magnetic repulsion of the lower stationary layer due to the weight of the upper moving layer. In this case, the needles of the "hedgehogs" of the planes of elements or molecules after overcoming the magnetic forces of repulsion (compounds) enter into the neutron interaction by superposition, reconstructing the common magnetic field of the individual planes and creating a new common magnetic field of the entire substance.
When viewed from above on the plane of a group of elements or molecules will have the form of a volleyball grid with square, rectangular or rhombic cells.
Now let's take the second plane - the volleyball grid, and with the rotation put on the first, then the third, and so on, as a result of which we get horizontal ties of needles that are stuffed in many directions, much stronger than the original ones.
Vertical needles "hedgehogs" may not be at all meshed with neighbors. For these reasons, natural crystals easily split over these layers-planes.
When the upper plane is applied to the lower horizontal needles, they can cross like swords at any angles, entering into a neutron interaction.
print version
Author: Valerii Fedorovich Andrus
PS The material is protected.
Date of publication 06.08.2004гг
up
You can also support shram.kiev.ua, press:
It will not be superfluous for your friends to learn this information, share their article with them!
Comments
When commenting on, remember that the content and tone of your message can hurt the feelings of real people, show respect and tolerance to your interlocutors even if you do not share their opinion, your behavior in the conditions of freedom of expression and anonymity provided by the Internet, changes Not only virtual, but also the real world. All comments are hidden from the index, spam is controlled.