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ENERGY PHENOMENON OF VACUUM - 1

Kosinov NV, Garbaruk VI, Polyakov DV

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"In a vacuum enclosed in the volume of an ordinary electric bulb, the energy is so large that it would be enough to boil all the oceans on Earth."
(R. Feynman, J. Wheeler)

• annotation
• Physical vacuum
• In search of new sources of energy
• Energy phenomena
• Research Areas
• Status with patenting
• New Energy Concept
• The concept of creating a vacuum energy generator

annotation

Ecologically clean energy and ways of obtaining it, safe for the biosphere, despite the enormous costs in this direction, the world has not yet found. At present, a fundamentally new direction of scientific research is being developed in physics devoted to the study of the properties and possibilities of the physical vacuum. The search for new ways of obtaining energy has shifted to the field of physical vacuum. The intensity of work in this direction has been growing rapidly in recent years. The article presents physical phenomena that, in the opinion of their authors, do not have an explanation or demonstrate the possibilities of a physical vacuum. There is a situation where the experimental results outstrip the theory. Experimental achievements show that the world is approaching the practical implementation of the newest methods of obtaining clean energy, not conceivable even a few years ago.

Physical vacuum

At present, a fundamentally new direction of scientific research is being developed in physics devoted to the study of the properties and possibilities of the physical vacuum. This scientific direction becomes dominant, and in applied aspects it can lead to breakthrough technologies in the field of energy, electronics, and ecology.
The very notion of "physical vacuum" appeared in science as a consequence of the realization that vacuum is not an emptiness, it is not "nothing". It is an extremely significant "something" that generates everything in the world, emits properties to the substance from which the surrounding world is built. It turns out that even inside a solid and massive object, the vacuum occupies an immeasurably greater space than matter. Thus, we come to the conclusion that matter is the rarest exception in a vast space filled with the substance of the vacuum. In the gas environment, this asymmetry is even more pronounced, not to mention the cosmos, where the presence of matter is more an exception than the rule. It can be seen how overwhelmingly huge is the amount of vacuum matter in the universe in comparison, even with a fabulously large amount of matter in it. At present, scientists already know that the substance of its origin is due to a material substance
Vacuum and all the properties of matter are given by the properties of the physical vacuum.
Science is penetrating deeper into the essence of the vacuum. The fundamental role of the vacuum in the formation of the laws of the material world is revealed. It is no longer surprising that some scientists assert that "everything from the vacuum and everything around us is a vacuum." Physics, having made a breakthrough in describing the essence of the vacuum, laid the condition for its practical use in solving many problems, including problems of energy and ecology.
According to the calculations of the Nobel Prize winner R. Feynman and J. Wheeler, the energy potential of the vacuum is so huge that "in a vacuum enclosed in the volume of an ordinary electric bulb, the energy is so large that it would be enough to boil all the oceans on Earth." However, until now the traditional scheme of obtaining energy from a substance remains not only dominant, but even is considered to be the only possible one. Under the environment continue to persistently understand the substance, which so little, forgetting about the vacuum, which is so much. It was such an old "material" approach that led to the fact that mankind is literally bathing in energy, experiencing an energy hunger.
In the new - "vacuum" approach proceed from the fact that the surrounding space - a physical vacuum, is an integral part of the energy transformation system. In this case, the possibility of obtaining vacuum energy finds a natural explanation without deviating from physical laws. The way of creating power plants with excess energy balance opens up, in which the energy received exceeds the energy expended by the primary power source. Power plants with excess energy balance will be able to open access to the huge energy of the vacuum stored by Nature itself.

In search of new sources of energy

Today, mankind is in dire need of replacing existing energy technologies with environmentally friendly ones that guarantee the preservation of the biosphere. This is especially true of energy, based on the burning of natural resources of coal, oil, gas, uranium. The levels of energy received remain insignificant and the problem of energy supply is not solved. Delivery of energy to consumers and remains expensive. In addition, the reserves of minerals and the resources of cheap uranium are exhausted. It is expected that in the near future the consumption of natural resources will reach 25 billion tons, therefore, forecasts are made that mankind will have enough natural fuel reserves for about 150 years.
Nuclear energy, in addition to operational hazards, has an unresolved problem of disposal and utilization of nuclear waste. There is less hope for scientists to successfully implement the program of controlled thermonuclear fusion. The solution to this problem has been repeatedly postponed to a later date and is now seen no earlier than 2050.
Projects for the use of solar energy are being developed. Solar energy is planned to be processed into electricity by creating space power stations. To obtain a power of 10 million kW, solar panels of about 100 square kilometers are needed. In the microwave range
Energy can be transported to Earth. On the way to solving this problem, there are serious problems of creating transmitting and receiving systems operating in the microwave range, unsafe for the biosphere, as well as orbital solar power stations that are large-size space objects.
As you can see, the world has not yet found ecologically clean energy and ways of obtaining it, safe for the biosphere, despite the enormous costs in this direction. The reason is that searches are conducted in traditional directions, which, within the framework of existing views, can only lead to small "cosmetic" refinements of existing approaches and can not lead to breakthrough solutions. Limited energy resources poses the task of searching for fundamentally new ways of obtaining energy.
If we analyze the most common methods of obtaining energy, currently used, then we can see a certain pattern. Its essence is as follows. The final product of the whole chain of energy transformations, in modern ways of obtaining energy, is a substance. Moreover, this final substance becomes, as a rule, more dangerous for the biosphere than the original energy carrier. This applies to energy, based on the burning of natural fuels, nuclear energy, and nuclear fusion. The world has already become accustomed to the idea that to obtain energy it is necessary to influence the substance at the final stage and to receive the substance. Moreover, such a path is almost the only possible way. And is it so? The task is to find completely new ways of obtaining energy, free from the traditional scheme: "matter in the beginning - matter at the end".

An alternative to existing methods of obtaining energy can be only such methods in which at the final stage of energy transformations there will not appear a substance dangerous for the biosphere or there will be absolutely no substance as such. Despite the seemingly paradoxical formulation, the solution to the problem exists and this solution gives a physical vacuum [1, 2]. Therefore, at present the directions for the search for new ways of obtaining energy have shifted to the field of physical vacuum and their intensity has been growing rapidly in recent years.
It is absolutely realistic to create fundamentally new generators [3] that can use the energy of the environment and turn it into a convenient form of energy. And there are serious experimental confirmations.

Energy phenomena

At the present time, a large number of experimental facts have accumulated, confirming the reality of obtaining energy levels that exceed the energy expended by the primary source. As a rule, similar phenomena are manifested in studies related to physical vacuum. Such works are intensively conducted in the USA, Russia, Germany, Japan, Switzerland. The appearance of excess energy at the output of the generator, exceeding the energy consumption from the power source, or as it is sometimes called - the appearance of energy from "nothing", is recorded in many experiments. This is not at all a question of the perpetual motion of the engine, since taking into account all factors, including vacuum energy, and correct calculations do not reveal violations of the laws of thermodynamics [37]. The value of the energy produced contributes to the vacuum, resulting in an excess energy balance.
Let us cite, as examples, the reports that appeared in the press about new technologies being developed for obtaining excess energy, the appearance of which can not be explained from the standpoint of traditional views.
The American scientist J. Griggs (Cartesville, GA) invented a device called a "hydrosonic pump", which is designed to heat water and produce steam. [4]. The installation weighs about 150 kg. Experiments on the hydrosonic pump model revealed the presence of a large amount of excess heat energy. The author of the invention does not yet find an explanation to this phenomenon, however, repeated tests conducted for several years always reveal the presence of excess energy. According to the author's reports, the energy gain reaches 168%. Excess energy at the output of this device is much higher than the energy required to run. The phenomenon of release of excess energy appears stable in all tests. And this is not an isolated fact.
The occurrence of excess energy in the studies of gas-discharge devices conducted by prof. A. V. Chernetsky [5]. An excess energy balance was revealed, at which the energy received was 1.5 to 2 times higher than the energy expended. Scientists recorded a new physical effect, which he called the plasma-vacuum effect.
Back in 1959, a series of experiments were conducted at the Institute of Metallurgy of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR using semiconductor thermoelements, in which excess energy was observed. The phenomenon of excess energy was steadily manifested in both the heat pump mode and when the thermal insulation from the environment was completely isolated. In one of the experiments, the experimental setup was a Dewar vessel with a semiconductor thermobatter placed in it. In the installation, special measures were taken to eliminate the suction of heat from outside. Thus, the effect of the heat pump was eliminated. The amount of heat released on the thermobattery in many experiments was 2.2 to 2.6 times higher than the energy consumed [23].

Japanese scientists have invented a device for obtaining thermal energy in an aqueous medium, which is called a blue water laser. The device uses the phenomena of cold nuclear fusion and a new physical phenomenon of the transformation of sound waves into light, which is called sonoluminescence. In a water environment, a synchronous acoustic field is created and the concentration of ultraviolet light is carried out by a spherical lens. The concentration of ultraviolet is carried out in the region of space where sonoluminescence occurs due to the action of acoustic waves. The device is planned to be used as a compact energy generator for heating natural water.
Another device developed by Japanese scientists is the generator (JPI-1), which uses the phenomenon of the appearance of excess energy. In the generator there are rotating in the magnetic field disks. A project for a more advanced generator (JPI-2) based on a superconducting electromagnetic system has been developed. It is envisaged to create a generator in two versions. The difference consists in using rotating rotors with a diameter of 30 cm and 50 cm. Calculations of the generator's creators show that after starting the generator from an external source, it must generate 30-40 kW of power. The rotor speed is planned to be increased to 8000 rpm. The generator with a rotor diameter of 50 cm. According to calculations should have a power of 200 kW.
Switzerland has developed a converter, which is a combination of an electrostatic machine with an electrostatic motor. The generator weighs about 20 kg. When the generator is started by rotating the discs, it generates electricity, which significantly exceeds the energy expended for its launch. The phenomenon of energy production is reliably reproduced. The converter generates 3 kW of power [6].
Despite the fact that optimistic forecasts in the use of the cold nuclear synthesis discovered by M. Fleishman and S. Pons as a new way of obtaining energy were not justified, their discovery aroused great interest of scientists in the search for new sources of energy. An example is the fundamentally new approach proposed by Dr. Randall Mills, president of the LDC company (Hydrocatalysis Power Corporation, Pennsylvania, USA). His idea is not based on nuclear reactions. Mills's electrolytic cell uses "light" water, and energy is released as a result of the catalytic process, in which the electron of the hydrogen atom is induced to transition to a lower energy level. Studies have shown a multiple excess of output power over the input. So, a cell consuming 18 watts of electrical power produces 50 watts. The process of generating excess energy continues for a long time - many months [18].
In the works of Yu. A. Baurov (Russia), it is reported about the created propulsion-generators using the energy of the physical vacuum. A new kind of theoretically predicted interaction and a new force corresponding to it are being investigated experimentally. According to the author [26] "due to the phased movement of material bodies with the process of formation of physical space," it is possible to significantly enhance the new interaction. Demonstration models confidently control the output power of about 50 watts, which arises from the energy of the physical vacuum [26].
In the work of RF Avramenko and VI Nikolaeva [39], the results of studies of an electrical circuit of series-connected elements R, L, C containing a plasma gap in which excess energy is detected appear. The researchers attribute the appearance of excess energy to the existence of an energy level of 3.73 keV for an electron and its contribution to the energy balance.
Studies by NE Zaev (Russia) [40] revealed the ability of some dielectrics and nonlinear ferromagnets in charge-discharge and magnetization-demagnetization cycles to generate electrical energy at the expense of their thermal energy. In this case, the energy released during discharge (demagnetization) exceeds the input energy when charging (magnetizing).
The device patented by S. Meyer (USA) uses the decomposition of water to produce hydrogen and oxygen, which are then burned in a special reactor, where an electromagnetic field is applied to the combustible gas. Due to the use of electronic influence, the energy of combustion of oxygen and hydrogen considerably exceeds the energy expended for their decomposition. In the generator, excess energy is detected. Such a converter is tested on a car. The tests carried out demonstrate the reality of the practical use of such a method of generating excess energy. Water flow per 100 km. The mileage of the car is about 3 liters [7].
In the device patented by K. Schoulders [24], vacuum energy is extracted by carrying out a pulsed discharge in the tube in which the vacuum is created (Evacuated Tube). The load is connected to the winding located on the outside of the tube. The device creates a high density discharge current in the pulsed mode, in which a stable plasma formation occurs in the zone between the electrodes - a cluster of electrons of the toroidal form. The electron bunch, when moving from the cathode to the anode, is replenished with energy and generates a current pulse in the load coil with an energy 30 times higher than the energy expended to create the discharge.
Attempts to find convincing theoretical explanations for the enumerated energy phenomena, from the standpoint of existing scientific views, have not been crowned with success. Now active work is underway to disclose the mechanisms responsible for the appearance of excess energy with the involvement of the theory of physical vacuum. There is a situation where the experimental results outstrip the theory. Experimental achievements show that the world is approaching the practical implementation of new ways of obtaining energy, not conceivable even a few years ago. The researchers of the USA, Germany, Russia, France, Switzerland and other countries seek to monopolize new ways of obtaining excess energy by actively patenting all the technical solutions being developed. The fact of the appearance of excess energy, the researchers are presented as the most important virtue of their inventions.

Research Areas

Recently, scientists in almost all countries are joining the work on creating devices that have excess energy balance and searching for mechanisms that lead to the appearance of surplus energy. Races for mastering the secret of obtaining new energy have been launched. Most intensively, such studies have been conducted in recent years [7 ± 36]. This is due to the fact that the patents of J.Griggs [4] and K. Schulders [24] on energy generators in which excess energy is recorded, which is significantly higher than the energy supplied, are published.
The work on obtaining excess energy is conducted in several directions:
-thermal energy,
-Electricity,
-mechanical energy.
The intensity of research on the search for new types of energy in Russia is increasing. According to the growth of publications, one can judge about their sharp activation in recent years. The works concern both the theoretical aspects of understanding the vacuum problem and the search for practical applications. The manifestation of vacuum energy in the form of mechanical energy is revealed. Great hopes are placed on the use of torsion fields for this purpose [2].
Great interest in the problem of vacuum energy is shown by the US space agency (NASA). NASA puts such tasks, which at first glance might seem fantastic. In 1997, a meeting of the working group was held, at which new approaches were considered to achieve a scientific breakthrough in space research and to create engines that do not require fuel on board. New methods of obtaining energy, including vacuum energy, that could provide a scientific breakthrough in the field of creating epoch-making rocket engines operating on new principles were considered [29,38].
In the United States, Germany and Japan, the theoretical problems associated with vacuum energy are investigated as well as the attempts to obtain it in practice. The number of publications on the vacuum problem has tended to increase in recent years [27 ± 36]. Some foreign studies are based on the use of the Casimir effect, which was discovered in 1948 [9]. The essence of the effect consists in the appearance of a force due to fluctuations in the physical vacuum, at which a mechanical interaction of the vacuum with electrically conducting plates is observed. The methods of obtaining energy with the use of this effect provide for the transformation of the pressure carried by the vacuum onto the plates into electricity by means of multilayer structures.
Research is actively carried out based on the idea of ​​"zero-point vacuum oscillations". In a physical vacuum, electromagnetic fields are discovered that exist in it even at absolute zero. Calculations show that their energy is very high. This is the so-called zero-radiation vacuum. The idea of ​​using zero vacuum oscillations for the purposes of energy production leads to the conclusion that there are three main ways by which a vacuum can release stored energy.

1. Use of radial electric fields acting on the vortex oscillations of the vacuum medium;
2. Use of energy generated by ferromagnets;
3. The use of electromagnetic interaction between a vacuum and a plasma discharge.

Studies reveal the possibility of obtaining energy from a vacuum when realizing rapid movements of atomic nuclei of a real medium, when excess energy is produced by passage of ions through the zones of eddy currents. Energy production was seen as a result of electrical discharges, plasma ion-acoustic oscillations, and sonoluminescence. The vortex motion of ions makes it possible to obtain the greatest effect of energy release, therefore, in many studies the task is to find ways to realize optimal vortex fields for extracting the energy of zero-point oscillations of the vacuum.

Status with patenting

Reports on the development of generators generating excess energy cover literature and patents for several classes of the international patent classification. Among them, the following classes can be distinguished: electromagnetic generators, electrostatic generators, permanent magnet generators, heat generators for heating liquids, parametric generators based on resonant circuits, converters based on plasma and plasma-like elements, generators of spherical plasma formations [11-16,39].
In the world there is an active patenting of all developed technical solutions, which are somehow connected with new ways of obtaining energy. Most of the patents appeared on the basis of the results of the revealed energy phenomena during the research and experiments.

New Energy Concept

The successes of modern physics in the comprehension of the mystery of the vacuum make it possible to approach from completely new positions the methods of obtaining energy [17, 19, 20]. The vacuum picture of the world makes it possible to comprehend the existing approaches and methods of obtaining energy from other positions and to enter completely new technologies in the field of energy. In these technologies, a significant role is assigned to vacuum effects [17,21,22].
Vacuum is first considered in the processes of energy transformations, as a natural material medium, acting on which instead of influencing the substance, as it is traditionally accepted, it will be possible to obtain large energy levels.
A new concept, fundamentally different from the existing approaches. Its main difference is the use of vacuum technologies for the purpose of obtaining high energy levels. As a result, opportunities are opened for the first time at the final stage of energy transformation instead of an environmentally hazardous substance, a natural material environment - a vacuum. At the same time, they find solutions to both the problems of obtaining high energy levels and the problems of ecological purity of the process of obtaining energy.
The concept of vacuum energy is aimed at the creation of power plants based on the use of physical effects, which will realize the energy balance in the system. In such power plants, energy is not influenced by matter, but by vacuum, bringing it to a certain level of excitation.
The central task in the development of the concept of vacuum energy is the solution of the problem of the technical realization of special field formations that ensure the flow of vacuum effects and search for a medium in which vacuum effects are realized most effectively.
To obtain a high energy density of the initial excitation of vacuum, a special geometric shape of the reactor is needed. The greatest preference is given to spherical reactors [22, 41]. The high energy density at the center of the sphere, necessary for introducing vacuum into the excited state, is achieved
Is relatively simple at the minimum initial energy. The cylindrical and conical shapes of the reactors are also of interest. As the excitation medium and the coolant, the liquid is investigated. The liquid has a dual function. On the one hand, it is a heat-consuming medium for the selection and accumulation of energy, on the other hand it creates conditions for the realization of a controlled excitation process.
In order to obtain excess energy, the phenomenon of electromagnetic collapse, the phenomenon of sonoluminescence, the pinch effect, the light-hydraulic effect, the electro-hydraulic effect are being actively studied at present. The listed physical phenomena are effectively realized in a liquid medium. The task is to develop a special method of exciting a vacuum, in which all of the above effects should be combined. The achievement of high energy densities in a local zone of space is considered as a key moment for bringing the level of excitation of vacuum to critical, without realization of which it is impossible to obtain energy [22].
Vacuum effects, realized in a liquid medium, open a fundamentally new approach to the methods of obtaining energy. Compact energy generators based on the implementation of vacuum effects, located in places of energy consumption, will solve energy problems and promise great commercial benefits.

The concept of creating a vacuum energy generator

To create a generator of vacuum energy, the following features of the physical vacuum are used.
1. The existence of a critical level of excitation of vacuum, upon reaching which vacuum generates elementary particles.
2. The property of vacuum to generate electricity by generating electrical charges - electrons and positrons.
3. Transition of vacuum to the excited state when a certain energy density is reached.

The use of these properties of vacuum leads to the appearance of vacuum energy effects, which is provided by the appropriate design of the vacuum generator and the electronic effect on the medium. The existence of a critical excitation level for a vacuum and the presence of a natural natural background of electromagnetic fields, cosmic radiations that lead to the background level of the excited state of the vacuum, create the conditions for obtaining energy at a load greater than that expended by the primary power source. The necessary additive is taken not from nowhere, but the stored energy and the energy existing in Nature are released.
Vacuum in the new concept is considered as an energy carrier and as an object, which is impacted to release stored energy. The main type of influence on vacuum is the electromagnetic effect. The purpose of the electromagnetic action is to bring the excitation level of the vacuum to the critical one.
A necessary condition for the excitation of vacuum is the creation of a high energy density in the local zone of space. A sufficient condition for the excitation of vacuum is the separation of charges in the energy-saturated local space zone. And the necessary condition - the creation of a high energy density, and a sufficient charge-separation of charges, is provided by the design of the vacuum generator and the electronic control circuit of the generator.

The generator can work in the following modes:
- the preparatory mode,
- startup mode,
- operating mode,
- emergency operation.

The generator is an electronic system in which the nodes with their constructive and special geometric designs create the conditions for the excitation of the energy vacuum. The combination of nodes and blocks in their regular interrelation and strict sequence of performed functions will make it possible to realize vacuum effects and ensure the selection of energy.
The vacuum generator provides for several stages of emergency protection. The basis of the emergency protection is the choice instead of continuous excitation, the impulse nature of excitation of the vacuum generator with the blocking of the next impulse action by the electronic node of the emergency exclusion shutdown when the power level is exceeded.
The circuit of the generator is given in [37].

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Authors: Kosinov NV, Garbaruk VI, Polyakov DV
PS The material is protected.
Date of publication 15.12.2003gg

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