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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2162780
METHOD FOR PRODUCING AND PROCESSING form tools, MAINLY
Finishing AMBER

METHOD FOR PRODUCING AND PROCESSING form tools, mainly for finishing amber. ORNAMENTS. JEWELRY. GOLD. PLATINUM. DIAMOND. Diamonds. KNOW-HOW. TREATMENT. Cut. GEM. DIAMOND. INTRODUCTION. PATENT. TECHNOLOGIES.

INVENTION. METHOD FOR PRODUCING AND PROCESSING form tools, mainly for finishing amber. Russian Federation Patent RU2162780

Name of applicant: Kaliningrad State Technical University
Name of the inventor: Tilipalov VN .; Tarasov AN .; Makarskii VA .; Butorin SY
The name of the patentee: Kaliningrad State Technical University
Address for correspondence: 236000, Kaliningrad, Soviet Avenue. 1, Kaliningrad State Technical University, Vice-Rector for Research Shutov VA
Starting date of the patent: 1998.03.18

The invention relates to metallurgy, in particular to the processing of cutting tools on a metal base, and can find application in mechanical engineering, construction and the jewelery industry, but also in the instrument. First, perform a mechanical body treatment and final finishing of the geometric profile of the working surfaces, then heat treatment tool. This is followed by the formation of short-impulse electrospark alloying ferroboron wear coating thickness of 1 - 5 mm with a body material and reflow heat treatment. In addition, the tool body is made of heat-resistant low-carbon alloy steels and stainless steels ferritic, martensitic, austenitic grades. Melting electro-spark alloying ferroboron carried out to a depth of 0.5 ferroboron diameter. The heat treatment tool housings before spark alloying is conducted at a cooling rate of 0.5 - 5 o C / sec to 500 - 550 ° C. The heat treatment hardened tool combined with nitrooksidirovaniem at 350 - 550 o C. The process is technologically the implementation does not require significant hardware costs and supporting materials.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to metallurgy, in particular to the processing of cutting tools on a metal basis of the disk wheels, blades, mills, hardenable electric spark, plasma, laser forming diffusion layers using filler materials, and can be used in the manufacture of special tools for processing minerals in jewelery , composites, ceramics and prezitsionnyh structural alloys in engineering, but also electric and electronics.

Known sputtering method on a diffusion coating parts and tools made of ferrous metals. The method comprises applying a mixture of chromium group elements, oxides and halides of aluminum / 1 /.

The disadvantage of this method is a low adhesion strength and the contact, resulting in the processing method applicable abrazivomyagkih materials and minerals.

Another known method of manufacture and processing of the cutting tool for processing minerals, marble, composites establishes cylindrical cutting tools for metal bond and casing of metal alloys by electroplating forming the cutting part of the filling of the synthetic diamond / 2 / or otherwise forming a layer of superhard bornitridnyh cutting parts with nickel plating, melting in the presence of a low-melting component / 3 /.

The methods are identical and do not provide a firm connection to the base of the cutting components, low wear resistance and contact-corrosion tool life.

The closest to the claimed method is a method for processing polycrystalline diamond cutting tool and boron nitride, and diamond-like and other compounds / 4 / (prototype). The method comprises depositing on a steel substrate of solid particles through the solder layer, the thickness of the applied layer to 1000 microns, melting temperature 950-1300 o C.

A method of manufacturing and handling of the prototype instrument has the following disadvantages: the high cost and complexity of processing, impaired and the appearance of defects of the main cutting component, the impossibility, as in the formation of analogues of the transition edges with a radius of less than 1.5 mm, insufficient strength and corrosion resistance in the zone contact and crevice corrosion using any cutting fluids. All of the above methods are not environmentally friendly ways.

The task to be solved by the invention is to increase the wear resistance, strength, workability complex configuration tool, the possibility of forming transition edges with a radius of less than 1.5 mm. At the same time it reduces the complexity of manufacturing, tool cost.

To achieve this task, the method of manufacturing and processing of shaped tool, which includes the formation on working surfaces of the tool body wear-resistant coating, first perform a mechanical body treatment and final finishing of the geometric profile of the working surface, then - thermal processing tools, followed by electrospark short-impulse formation of the wear-resistant coating doping ferroboron 1.5 mm thick material with the melting body and the heat treatment.

tool body is made of heat-resistant low-carbon alloy steels and stainless steels ferritic, martensitic, austenitic grades.

Melting electro-spark alloying ferroboron carried out to a depth of 0.5 ferroboron diameter.

The heat treatment tool housings before spark alloying is conducted at a cooling rate of 0,5-5 o C / s to 500-550 o C.

The heat treatment hardened tool combined with nitrooksidirovaniem at 350-550 o C.

In the description of the invention attached to additional materials shown as follows:

FIG. 1 - the nature of the formation of ferroboron layer on the figurine of the cutting part

FIG. 2 - fraktogramma surface shaped cutting tool with a deposited layer by the electric way ferroboron by mode 1 x 10

FIG. 3 - the same as for mode 2 x 10

FIG. 4 - microstructure of diamond-polishing amber circle

FIG. 5 - "minaret" amber processed instrument for the proposed method, x 1,1

The essence of the processes of formation of durable abrasion-resistant layer on the surface of the shaped grinding tool is as follows. The polished surface under the application of ferroboron with melting foundations create the possibility of more uniform spark doping body to form a transition sub-layer of high strength with a smooth change of the microhardness of the steel casing to the cutting FeB particles, FeB 2 having a hardness of an order of magnitude higher than the hardness of the tool body. Thus deterioration of surface cleanliness class to R = 0,6-1,0 mm increases the surface passivation compound and degrades ferroboron particles to the substrate.

The selected particle size and layer thickness, and the depth of melting and steel towers with optimum spark processing is to maximize the extent of wetting of particles and applied to ensure sufficient rigidity of the cutting part. With decreasing each parameter is reduced strength and wear layer, while increasing each parameter decreases and brittleness increases the strength of adhesion of the particles to the substrate.

Selected heating and cooling rates in the pretreatment enclosures allow for body strengthening and at the same time do not cause additional warping and heat deformation of the tool body of varying thickness and configuration of the cutting part with complex transitions and small radii of curvature, which ensures the preservation of class sizes in continuous operation tool. When cooling acceleration in the pre-heat-treated or heat setting increases the thermal and structural deformation of the housing.

Heat setting temperature is selected interval with the possibility of additional hardening enclosures to enhance their corrosion resistance when creating nitroxide surface layers. In the absence of this type of surface treatment is an intensive corrosion of the tool in cutting-cooled aqueous solution of succinic acid. When processing at temperatures below the selected interval is decreased thickness of the diffusion layer of the shell, and at higher temperatures is not excluded Zonal oxidation.

When korotkoimpulsnymi to electro-reflow base metal is partially enveloping the support surface grains of liquid metal and particles ferroboron securely attached at the base. Molten sublayer covers all areas around the perimeter of the working part of the housing is formed as a result of coating with raznoporistostyu not higher than 12-15%, withstand shock and static loads. Abrasive previously treated surface improves adhesive contact ferroboron particles with particles oplavivshimisya in processing even when on a bend angle occurs 120-140 o gap caused ferroboron particles.

Cooling at a predetermined speed after the spark machining eliminates the formation of cracks in the transition zone of the grain - the base metal, and the subsequent thermal stabilization eliminates deformation and leash tool with a possible violation of classroom sizes cutting part.

In practice, the method is carried on five names of tools for the processing of products from natural and pressed amber - diamond discs and circles the complex profile of the cutting diameter of 100-240 mm. For the manufacture of carbon steel casings used 0,8kp, 10, 15, 10G2, and a heat-resistant alloy 40HMFA, 4H5MFS. As the boron component used ferroboron Steel lumps and powder of different fractions.

Electrical discharge conducted at four plants with a specific power control software, and pulse frequency over a wide range, this EPS-46, Effi-Electron-10 EPS-45 MGI- and TG-250. Abrasive processing was carried out using fused to the GAO, 2-6 units, and heat treatment before and after application of the ferroboron carried out in cabinets SNOL-3.3.3 / 3.5, SNVL-3,4 / 3M and electric furnaces and SEV- SSHOL-VSC.

Manufactures tools for shaping and polishing amber items - balls, olives, cabochons, minarets, pendants.

example 1
The push-shaped disc circle for processing olives amber transition radii R 1 = 1.5 mm, R 2 = 1.2 mm, R = 15 mm 3 were made of steel 10 according to the proposed method.

After turning to the formation of the geometry of the cutting surface was carried out by abrasive blasting electrocorundum GOST 2789-73 with the class of surface roughness R a = 2,5 m. Then the installation of EPC-46 electric spark on the working part of a consistent cross-motion was applied in the short-pulse mode ferroboron layer according to GOST 14848-75 at an operating current of 2 A, short-circuit current of 4.7 A, scan (Fig. 1). Wear layer of 1.2 mm thickness was formed ferroboron grit 2.0 mm, the quantity of fusion zone was 1.0 mm. FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 shows fraktogrammy from the surface with the application of ferroboron. After the heat treatment prior to applying the layer hardness was tool housings HB = 167-172. Microhardness work surfaces after electroimpulse doping ferroboron was H 1H = 1920-1970. When heat treated after spark alloying - nitrooksidirovanie furnace SSHO 6,6 / 7 composed of carbon black and coal Carbamide granular base and micro-hardness surface increased corrosion resistance (Table 1).

The results of measurements and tests showed stability of the geometry of circles, ability to work effectively in wet cutting over a period of 180 hours, the wear resistance of 2.3-fold increase in comparison with standard rounds of synthetic diamond coatings.

Virtually eliminated peeling from the base of the cutting layer, typical for standard wheels with a diamond layer. Specific tooling costs were reduced by 4.6 times, improved surface finish class.

example 2
Limit the push-tool finishing pressed amber produced and processed by the proposed method. Profile of nozzles of a heat-resistant alloy steel 4H5MFS formed by lathe cutting a class of surface cleanliness P a = 2,1 m. Then, by vacuum hardening with non-standard cooling rates 1-2 o C / s, the furnace further arbitrarily.

Electric spark alloying (ESA) on the working surface of the wire to install EFI-25M with reflow largest grain 0.5 ferroboron 0.75 mm (1.5 mm grain). Pre-heat treatment before the ESA corps completed the tempering at 950 o C for 2 hours, allowing to obtain high toughness 123-125 J / cm 2 at a strength of 1450-1500 MPa. It provides high strength and stiffness of the tool during fine sanding and finishing operations. Microstructure ESD ferroboron layer is shown in FIG. 4. Table 2 shows the properties of the surface-hardened layers in the processing at the proposed and known methods.

In comparison with the known method the tool manufacturing costs reduced 3.7 fold increase in the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the tool.

example 3
Belleville removable insert for running drums and grinding of cylindrical pieces of amber pieces of hot amber produced and processed by the proposed method.

After forming a tray blank from austenitic steel 12X18H10T, sheet thickness of 5 mm was carried electrocorundum abrasive preparations with a preliminary cryogenic cooling to -196 o C. Thus was created the mechanical action of surface electric spark to the purity class P a = 4-4,5 m , heat-treated before the ESD ferroboron was carried out at a temperature of 460 o C for 60 minutes. Then applied spark alloying layer thickness of 1.5 mm using ferroboron grain size of 3 mm, the amount of fusion zone was 1.5 mm in the processing of setting "Elitron-ShchV". The heat treatment after application of the wear layer is carried out at the same temperature, to the air. properties measurement results are shown in Table 3.

Thus, when using the proposed method in all cases received a significant positive effect on the instrument under hydroabrasive wear in the presence of succinic acid.

INFORMATION SOURCES

1. German patent N 930527, MKI C 23 C 8/72.

2. VN Bakul and others. Fundamentals of design and technology of manufacturing of abrasive and diamond tools. - M .: Mechanical engineering. Pp 230-335.

3. Y. Naidich et al. Soldering and metallization of super-hard tool materials. Kiev. "Naukova Dumka", 1977, pp 138, 139, 150.

4. Europatent N 0541071, MKI C 23 C 16/26, 1993 - Prototype

CLAIM

1. A method for the manufacture and processing of the shaped tool for finishing predominantly amber, comprising forming on the working surfaces of the tool body a wear resistant coating, characterized in that the first body is performed machining and final finishing of the geometrical profile of the working surfaces, then heat treatment instrument, followed by electrospark forming short-impulse wear doping ferroboron coating thickness of 1 - 5 mm with a body material and reflow heat treatment.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the tool body is made from low carbon alloy steels and heat-resistant ferritic stainless steels, martensitic, austenitic grades.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the melt at electrospark alloying ferroboron conducted to a depth of 0.5 ferroboron diameter.

4. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat treatment before the spark tool housings are doped at a cooling rate of 0.5 - 5 to 500 o C - 550 o C.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the heat treatment is combined with hardened tool nitrooksidirovaniem at 350 - 550 o C.

print version
Publication date 03.01.2007gg