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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2099548
ENGINE OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION WORKING ON WATER AND METHOD OF ITS WORK
Applicant's name: Vladimir V. Kashcheev
The name of the inventor: Kashcheev Vladimir Sergeevich
The name of the patent holder: Kashcheev Vladimir Sergeevich
Address for correspondence:
Date of commencement of the patent: 1994.11.29
See also: Technology of reconstruction of a serial air piston compressor in the engine of a new principle of action, operating on water
Use: in internal combustion engines.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: The ICE of the first embodiment includes a combustion chamber (4), a cylinder (1) with a head (3) and a piston (2) forming a sub-piston cavity (5) communicating with the atmosphere. In the cylinder head (3) there are: an intake valve (6) communicating the combustion chamber (4) with the atmosphere when the piston (2) moves towards the HMT and the check valves (7) providing the release of products from the combustion chamber into the atmosphere. The combustion chamber (4) is made with prechambers (8), each of which has a flammable gas supply valve (9) and a spark plug (10). Preferably, the prechamber is made in the side wall of the cylinder above the piston when it is in the BDC. The method of operation of the engine includes the communication of the combustion chamber with the atmosphere when the piston moves to the BDC, and the sealing of the combustion chamber, the feeding and ignition of the fuel mixture produced when the piston approaches the BDC. As a fuel mixture, use is made of explosive gas. The ICE of the second embodiment includes a combustion chamber (4) formed by a cylinder (1) with a head (3) and a piston (2), a sub-piston cavity (5) of which is communicated with the atmosphere. The valve (9) of the fuel mixture supply and the spark plug (10) are located in the head (3). In the side wall of the cylinder (1) above the piston, with its location in the BDC, check valves (7) are installed to ensure the release of products from the combustion chamber (4) into the atmosphere. The method of operation of such an engine includes feeding the fuel mixture into the combustion chamber and igniting it - when the piston approaches the TDC, and discharging through the return valves the products from the combustion chamber - as the piston approaches the HMT. The engines operate in a two-cycle cycle, with the engine in the first variant working with the piston stroke towards TDC, in the engine of the second variant, both strokes are working.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The inventions relate to internal combustion engines used in various industries and represent the most massive type of powerplants.
An internal combustion engine is known which includes a cylinder with a head and a piston forming a combustion chamber and an inlet valve located in the cylinder head, communicating the combustion chamber with the atmosphere when the piston moves from top dead center to bottom ( Internal combustion engine, arrangement and operation of reciprocating and combined engines. Mechanical engineering, 1990, page 5, figure 1, figure 4, pp. 16-18 ).
It is known to place the fuel supply and spark plug valves in the cylinder head of the engine ( ibid., Pp . 146-148, figure 111 ). The sub-piston cavity in known engines is usually at atmospheric pressure (ibid., P. 66).
The method of operation of the known engine includes the following processes (ibid., Pp. 16-18, fig. 4):
- Inlet, in which the piston moves from the top dead center to the bottom, and the combustion chamber is communicated with the atmosphere;
- Compression, in which the piston moves from the bottom dead center to the top, and the combustion chamber is sealed; When the piston approaches the top dead center, the fuel is injected into the combustion chamber and ignited;
- Combustion and expansion (working stroke), in which the piston moves from the top dead center to the bottom, and the combustion chamber is sealed;
- Release, in which the piston moves from the bottom dead center to the top, and the combustion chamber is communicated with the atmosphere.
In known reciprocating internal combustion engines, the gases generated by the combustion of fuel are pressurized onto the piston, moving it in the cylinder; The translational movement of the piston is converted by the crank-and-rod mechanism into a rotation of the crankshaft.
It is known that the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines are one of the main factors of environmental pollution and include oxides of carbon, nitrogen, hydrocarbons, aldehydes, lead, etc. ( see ibid. , Pp . 34-36 ).
The present invention is directed to the creation of an environmentally friendly internal combustion engine.
According to a first embodiment, the internal combustion engine includes a combustion chamber formed by a cylinder with a head and a piston, a sub-piston cavity is at atmospheric pressure, an inlet valve located in the cylinder head, communicating the combustion chamber with the atmosphere as the piston moves from top dead center to bottom, Mixture and a spark plug and is characterized in that in the cylinder head there is at least one non-return valve providing release of products from the combustion chamber to the atmosphere and the combustion chamber is made with at least one pre-chamber in which a fuel supply valve Mixture and spark plug.
This embodiment ensures exhaust through the non-return valve of the products from the combustion chamber, a sharp decrease in pressure with the formation of a pressure difference acting on the piston.
The difference between the first embodiment of the engine consists in the fact that the pre-chamber is made in the side wall of the cylinder above the piston when it is located at the bottom dead center.
This allows to orient the front of the flame in the direction of exhaust of the products from the combustion chamber and to obtain a larger discharge.
The invention relates to a method of operating an internal combustion engine in which, when the piston moves from the top dead center to the lower combustion chamber, it is communicated with the atmosphere, the combustion chamber is sealed, the fuel mixture is ignited and ignited, characterized in that the combustion chamber sealing, feeding the fuel mixture and Its ignition is carried out when the piston approaches the bottom dead center.
In this operation, a two-stroke operation of the engine with the working stroke is ensured when the piston moves from the bottom dead center to the top dead center.
The difference between the proposed method consists in the fact that it is proposed to use a detonating gas as the fuel mixture, for example, obtained by the electrolysis of water.
The only compound resulting from the combustion of such a fuel mixture is water, and the exhaust gases are humidified air.
A second embodiment of an internal combustion engine including a combustion chamber formed by a cylinder with a head and a piston whose sub-piston cavity is at atmospheric pressure and the fuel mixture supply valve and spark plug located in the cylinder head are characterized in that in the cylinder sidewall above the piston, At the bottom dead center, at least one non-return valve is provided to allow the products to exit from the combustion chamber.
This embodiment allows the use of energy released during the combustion of the fuel mixture to move the piston with the exhaust of the exhaust gases as the piston approaches the bottom dead center; At the same time, the pressure in the combustion chamber is sharply reduced and hermetically sealed to form a pressure difference acting on the piston.
The invention with regard to the method of operation of the second embodiment of the engine is that when the piston approaches the top dead center, the fuel mixture is ignited and ignited into the combustion chamber, and the products are discharged from the combustion chamber and characterized in that the products are discharged from the combustion chamber Through the check valve when the piston approaches the bottom dead center.
With this operation, both strokes of the piston in the cycle are working: to the bottom dead center under the pressure of the gases acting on the piston from the side of the combustion chamber; To the top dead center at atmospheric pressure acting on the piston from the side of the sub-piston cavity.
In Fig. 1 shows the first embodiment of the engine in a section; In Fig. 2 is a second embodiment of an internal combustion engine in section.
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The first embodiment of the internal combustion engine ( Figure 1 ) includes a cylinder 1 in which a piston 2 is disposed connected, for example, by a crank mechanism with a crankshaft of the engine ( not shown in Fig . The cylinder 1 is provided with a head 3 which together with the walls of the cylinder 1 and the bottom of the piston 2 forms a combustion chamber 4. The sub-piston cavity 5 communicates with the atmosphere. In the cylinder head 3 are installed: The combustion chamber 4 is provided with at least one pre-chamber 8, in which a fuel mixture supply valve 9 and a spark plug 10 are mounted, for example, from the camshaft 10. Preferably, the pre-chamber 8 (or prechambers) is made in the side wall of the cylinder 1 above the piston, At the bottom dead center. The engine of the first embodiment works as follows. When the piston 2 moves from the top dead center to the bottom, the intake valve 6 is opened and the combustion chamber 4 communicates with the atmosphere. The pressure acting on both sides of the piston 2 is the same and equal to the atmospheric pressure. As the piston 2 approaches the bottom dead center, the combustion chamber 4 is sealed, closing the intake valve 6; Through the valves 9 into the prechambers 8, the fuel mixture is supplied and ignited. As a fuel mixture, a stoichiometric mixture of hydrogen and oxygen is used, the so-called explosive gas. |
At combustion of a fuel mix pressure in the combustion chamber 4 sharply raises; This pressure opens the check valves 7 installed in the cylinder head 3 and exhausts the products from the combustion chamber into the atmosphere. The pressure in the combustion chamber 4 drops sharply and the check valves 7 close, sealing the combustion chamber 4.
The piston 2 at atmospheric pressure acting on the side of the sub-piston cavity 5 moves from the bottom dead center to the upper dead center, making the working stroke.
When piston 2 reaches the top dead center, the intake valve 6 opens and the cycle repeats.
The method of operating an internal combustion engine according to the first embodiment is:
- Communication of the combustion chamber with the atmosphere when the piston moves from the top dead center to the bottom;
- Sealing the combustion chamber, supplying the fuel mixture and igniting it as the piston approaches the bottom dead center.
The stroke of the piston from the bottom dead center to the top is a working stroke and is carried out under the influence of atmospheric pressure from the side of the sub-piston cavity 5.
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The second embodiment of the engine ( FIG. 2 , the same engine elements are denoted by the same reference numerals) includes a cylinder 1 with a piston 2 forming, together with the cylinder head 3, a combustion chamber 4. The sub-piston cavity 5 communicates with the atmosphere. In the cylinder head 3, a fuel mixture supply valve 9 and a spark plug 10 are located. In the sidewall of the cylinder 1, above the piston, when it is at the bottom dead center, at least one check valve 7 is provided that provides exhaust from the combustion chamber 4 of the products as the piston approaches the bottom dead center. |
THE PROPOSED ENGINE WORKS AS FOLLOWING
As the piston 2 approaches the top dead center, a combustible gas is supplied to the combustion chamber 4 via a valve 9, for example from a camshaft, and ignites it. The pressure in the combustion chamber rises sharply and, acting on the piston 2, moves it to the bottom dead center. When the piston approaches the bottom dead center, a non-return valve 7 enters the zone of increased pressure, through which the products from the combustion chamber are exhausted with a sharp decrease in pressure below atmospheric pressure. The combustion products of the fuel mixture, which are water vapor and remaining in the combustion chamber, condense, lowering the absolute value of the pressure in the combustion chamber and the pressure piston acting on the side of the sub-piston cavity 5 moves from the bottom dead center to the upper dead center. Then the cycle repeats.
The method of operating the engine according to the second embodiment is:
- Feeding the fuel mixture to the combustion chamber and igniting the mixture as the piston approaches the top dead center;
- The release of products from the combustion chamber through the check valve as the piston approaches the bottom dead center.
Thus, the engine of the second embodiment executes a two-cycle cycle, both of which are operational:
- When the piston moves to the bottom dead center due to the use of energy obtained from the combustion of the fuel mixture;
- When the piston moves to the top dead center due to the use of atmospheric pressure.
If in the known internal combustion engines the energy received from the combustion of the fuel must ensure that sufficient forces are applied to the piston on the side of the combustion chamber to overcome the inertia of the forward and rotationally moving parts, friction and useful resistance of the energy consumer, then in the engine according to the first embodiment, the energy Fuel is spent on evacuation of products from the combustion chamber; Displacement of the piston during the working stroke and work against the main resistance forces is carried out by atmospheric pressure acting on the side of the sub-piston cavity.
It is clear that the energy costs in this case will be incomparably lower than the energy costs in the known internal combustion engines.
In the engine of the second embodiment, the goal is to achieve a cycle in which the first stroke would be carried out as a working stroke in a conventional engine and the second using atmospheric pressure in accordance with the basic engine idea of the first embodiment.
The products emitted from the combustion chamber are:
- In the engine of the first embodiment, humidified air;
- In the engine of the second embodiment, water and steam thereof.
Relatively low heat output of hydrogen fuel allows to remove very high requirements to the materials of engine parts, simplify the design of the main parts of the piston group, the mechanism of gas distribution, the cooling system, etc.
It is understood that the production of a fuel mixture for a power plant of a vehicle with a proposed internal combustion engine can be carried out by electrolysis of water in an electrolyzer installed on this vehicle.
CLAIM
An internal combustion engine including a cylinder with a head and a piston forming a combustion chamber, the sub-piston cavity of which is at atmospheric pressure, an inlet valve located in the cylinder head, communicating the combustion chamber with the atmosphere when the piston moves from top dead center to bottom, the fuel mixture supply valve and the spark plug Ignition system, characterized in that at least one check valve is provided in the cylinder head to discharge products from the combustion chamber into the atmosphere, and the combustion chamber is made with at least one pre-chamber in which the fuel supply valve and the spark plug are installed.
The engine of claim 1, wherein the pre-chamber is formed in the cylinder sidewall above the piston when it is positioned at the bottom dead center.
A method of operating an internal combustion engine in which, when the piston moves from the top dead center to the lower combustion chamber, it is communicated with the atmosphere, the combustion chamber is sealed, the fuel mixture is ignited and ignited, characterized in that the combustion chamber is sealed, the fuel mixture is supplied and ignited when Approaching the piston to the bottom dead center.
A method according to claim 3, characterized in that a combustible gas is used as the fuel mixture.
An internal combustion engine including a combustion chamber formed by a cylinder with a head and a piston, the sub-piston cavity of which is at atmospheric pressure, a fuel supply valve and a spark plug located in the cylinder head, characterized in that in the cylinder sidewall above the piston, At least one non-return valve is installed at the dead center to ensure the release of products from the combustion chamber.
Способ работы двигателя внутреннего сгорания, при котором при приближении поршня к верхней мертвой точке в камеру сгорания подают топливную смесь и воспламеняют ее, а и производят выпуск продуктов из камеры сгорания, отличающийся тем, что выпуск продуктов из камеры сгорания осуществляют через обратный клапан при приближении поршня к нижней мертвой точке.
print version
Автор: Кащеев Владимир Сергеевич
PS The material is protected.
Дата публикации 08.03.2005гг
print version
Date of publication 07.11.2006гг
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