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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2164609
INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
Applicant's name: Ufa State Aviation Technical University
The name of the inventor: Zhernakov VS; Ilchaninov VP; Ilyasov BG; Komarov SS; Kusimov ST; Yakubov RB
The name of the patentee: Ufa State Aviation Technical University
Address for correspondence: 1999.04.16
The commencement date of the patent: 450,000, Ufa-center, ul. K. Marx 12, UGATU, Patent Department
The invention can be used as a piston engine in various power plants, in particular in aircraft and automobiles. The internal combustion engine comprises a body, a cylinder block and pistons disposed in the cylinders. The connecting rods are connected by cylindrical hinges with pistons and with a swinging outer frame-beam mounted on the inclined washer of the oblique crank of the engine output shaft. Each connecting rod is made in the form of an eccentric shaft with an eccentricity e, which simultaneously satisfies the following conditions: 
(Mm), where a is the distance between the axis of the motor between the axis of the engine and the axis of attachment of the connecting rod, d is the deoaxiality of the engine, 
Max is the maximum value of the crank angle. Pistons can be made stepped and equipped with rods installed in the supports. Supports are removed from the combustion zone of the fuel charge and fixed to the body. The technical result is to increase the efficiency, economy, and reliability and durability of the engine by eliminating the lateral pressure of the piston on the cylinder walls and their contact interaction.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to engine building, in particular to reciprocating internal combustion engines (ICE), and can be used in various power plants of aircrafts, automobiles, speedboats, etc.
There are known designs of axial piston ICE / AC. USSR N 761771, MKI 5 F 16 H 21/18 published on 7.09.80, B.I. N 33 / , containing a body, a cylinder block, combustion chambers, pistons in cylinders, a fuel supply system, while a flat rotating washer is rigidly fixed to the motor shaft to which pistons are connected through the transition elements by means of spherical hinges.
Disadvantages of such engines are certain difficulties in the creation and operation of durable spherical hinges, the complexity in balancing the engine. In addition, the forces acting along the shaft axis reach significant values and for their neutralization it is necessary to create spherical bearings with specific structural solutions. All this complicates the design of the engine and reduces its efficiency.
The closest in technical essence to the proposed technical solution is the axial piston engine / AC. USSR N 689624, MKI 5 F 02 B 75/26 published on September 30, 1977, B.I. N 36 /, adopted as a prototype , comprising a body, a cylinder block, combustion chambers, pistons disposed in cylinders, connecting rods connected by cylindrical hinges with pistons and a swinging frame acting on an inclined washer mounted on an oblique crank of the engine output shaft to which Consumers of energy are connected.
The disadvantages of the prototype include that this design scheme does not provide an effective conversion of the vibrational angular movement of the rocker into the rotational motion of the output shaft of the engine and promotes the formation of significant lateral forces during the interaction of the pistons with the cylinder, requires the organization of the piston seal system and reduces the efficiency. Engine.
The aim of the invention is to improve the efficiency, economy, and reliability and durability of the engine by eliminating the lateral pressure of the piston on the cylinder walls and their contact interaction.
The objective is achieved by the fact that an internal combustion engine comprising a body, a cylinder block, pistons disposed in cylinders, connecting rods connected by cylindrical hinges to pistons and a swinging outer frame-beam mounted on an inclined washer of an oblique crank of the output shaft of the engine to which are connected Energy consumers, unlike the prototype, each connecting rod is made in the form of an eccentric shaft with an eccentricity with simultaneously satisfying conditions and , Where a - the distance along the rocker between the axes of the engine shaft and the axis of attachment of the connecting rod, d - the deoxy motor, Max is the maximum value of the angle of inclination of the rocker arm, and the pistons are made stepped and equipped with rods installed in the supports removed from the combustion zone of the fuel charge fixed to the body.
The combination of these features of the proposed invention makes it possible to completely eliminate the appearance of the lateral component of the force on the walls of the cylinder.
The introduction of stepped pistons allows you to move the lateral forces from the pistons to the walls of the cylinder into additional supports at the places of their mating with the piston rods.
The introduction of an eccentric shaft in the form of a connecting rod with an eccentricity satisfying the conditions obtained by the authors makes it possible to exclude lateral forces from the pistons on the walls of the cylinder.
Comparison of the claimed solution with other technical solutions shows that the spatial mechanisms of / AC are known.
USSR N 1375892, MKI 5 F 16 H 23/00 published on 23.02.88, B.I.
N 7 / , transforming the vibrational angular movement of the rocker into reciprocating motion of the pistons, by means of connecting rods in the form of an eccentric shaft with an eccentricity equal to e> ad. The kinematic analysis of such a spatial mechanism, carried out by the authors, showed that this condition is necessary, but insufficient, since it does not take into account all the variants of the engine's deoaxiality, which does not ensure the engine's performance at different angles of the crank inclination, that is, in all positions of the mechanism when the motor shaft rotates . The necessary and sufficient conditions for the translational motion of the pistons with the rods are as follows:
The derivation of these dependences is based on the kinematic analysis of the mechanism for converting the translational motion of pistons with rods into the angular oscillatory motion of the outer frame-beam and then into the rotational motion of the output shaft of the motor. A schematic diagram of such a mechanism is shown in FIG. 1.
The kinematic equation of translational motion of the piston, rod or point B has the form 
Where a is the distance along the rocker arm between the motor axis and the connecting rod axis, e is the eccentricity of the connecting rod, d is the deoaxiality of the engine, - the angle of rotation of the rocker arm.
To carry out the translational motion of the pistons with the rods, the radicand must be:
E 2 - (da · cos ) 2 > 0,
That at different angles And with different combinations of geometric dimensions leads to the requirement of compliance with the above two conditions. Ignoring these conditions leads either to a jamming of the transformation mechanism, or to its destruction.
The essence of the device is explained by the drawings.
FIG. 1 shows the kinematic diagram of the proposed ICE
FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal section of the claimed axial piston engine
The engine consists of a housing 1 in which a shaft 2 with oblique cranks 3 is installed. The inclined washers of the inner frame 4 are mounted on an oblique crank and a swinging outer frame-beam 5 is attached to them and then the rods of 7 stepped pistons 8 Contactless seals, for example, labyrinth 9, moving in cylinders 10, provided with inlet ports 11 and outlet ports 12. Rods 7 are installed in additional supports 13 fixed to the housing 1. The combustion chamber 14 is located between the pistons and is formed when they approach the inner dead center. In the case there are spark plugs 15.
The two-stroke axial piston engine is operated as follows. When the pistons are positioned at the outer dead center (upper part of Figure 2), the combustion products of the fuel are removed and the cylinder is blown with fresh air through the outlet ports 12. Before the blowdown is completed, a low-pressure pump is injected into the cylinder 10. Pistons 8 move towards each other and the fuel mixture is in the combustion chamber 14, as shown in FIG. 2. When the inner dead point from the spark plug 15 is reached, the fuel-air mixture ignites and the working stroke and committing useful work commences. It is in this cycle that the torque is produced. When the pistons reach the lowest position at the outer dead center, exhaust gases are exhausted and a new cycle of engine operation begins.
Using the proposed device allows, in comparison with the prototype, to increase the efficiency, economy, durability and efficiency due to:
- elimination of lateral forces on the cylinders from the pistons and, consequently, losses to friction, which in conventional engines and in the prototype is also not less than 30% of all types of mechanical losses,
- transfer of contact seals of pistons from the combustion zone of the fuel charge,
Which is not obvious in known devices.
CLAIM
1. An internal combustion engine comprising: a body, a cylinder block, pistons disposed in cylinders, connecting rods connected by cylindrical hinges to pistons and with a swinging outer frame-beam mounted on an inclined washer of an oblique crank of the engine output shaft to which consumers of energy differing In that each connecting rod is made in the form of an eccentric shaft with eccentricity e, which simultaneously satisfies the following conditions: Mm,
Where a is the distance along the rocker arm between the motor axis and the connecting rod axis;
D - deoaxiality of the engine; Max is the maximum value of the crank angle.
2. An internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the pistons are stepped and provided with rods mounted in the supports removed from the combustion zone of the fuel charge fixed to the body.
print version
Date of publication 28.12.2006гг
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