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UNIQUE ELECTRIC FIELD TECHNOLOGY OF ECOLOGICALLY PURE PROCESSING
AND UTILIZATION OF OIL-TOWERS

Dudyshev Valery Dmitrievich, Russia, Samara
Samara Technical University

The essence of this technology consists in an integrated approach to the processing and disposal of any oil sludge, including sequential operations of separation and removal of the upper layer of clean petroleum products, and the subsequent clean burning of other heavy fractions of oil sludge in a strong electric field.
This technology can be used to cleanly convert the energy of toxic oil sludge into useful products - fuel, heat and electricity.

So what exactly is the complexity of efficient and clean utilization of oil sludge. And why is this problem still not solved completely?

The fact is that the chemical composition of oil sludge is extremely complex, in fact, half of Mendeleyev's table, and not all of their fractions are easily burned or processed ... They contain oil, water and oil emulsions, asphaltenes, tar and metal ions, and Various mechanical impurities, and sometimes even radioactive elements. In addition, oil sludge has three distinct fractions: water, oil and solid.

Moreover, oil sludges often differ in their composition and properties, depending on the quality and composition of the raw crude oil.

We will make a brief analysis of the existing technologies for the utilization and processing of oil sludge and their shortcomings, which impede the complete solution of this problem.

They can be briefly divided into biotechnology, chemo-technologies, acoustic, thermal and purely fire technologies, as well as combined technologies.

Each of these known technologies has its advantages and disadvantages.

Nevertheless, already now, many useful products are obtained from oil sludge, in particular, commercial oil, fuel for boiler plants, and some construction materials. A common drawback of all known technologies for utilization and processing of oil sludge is their low productivity and high material, energy and financial costs for their implementation. In addition, they do not allow complete and intensive processing and utilization of oil sludge, especially with extreme environmental safety for the environment.

It is these shortcomings that do not allow to effectively solve the problem of full and intensive utilization of various oil sludge.

Our inventive task consisted in the development of a new high-performance and low-cost method for the complete utilization of oil sludge using the previously developed ecologically clean electric fire technology for combustion of any waste for utilization of heavy oil sludge fractions and for efficient processing of their oil and water-oil-emulsion constituents.

The essence of such an electric fire technology for the combustion of any substances is the creation of practically ideal conditions for the environmentally friendly burning of the flame of any toxic waste burned, and therefore the task of final cleaning of the flue gases is much easier. The electric field interacts extremely (at the atomic-molecular level) with radicals of any hydrocarbon substances and at the same time powerfully affects any hydrocarbon chains, in particular benzoprene, that they all effectively split into hydrogen burnt in a flame and carbon that rapidly oxidizes in an electric Field to harmless carbon dioxide. The electric fire technology of pure flame combustion was previously patented by the author of the article ( RF patent No. 2071219.2125682.2125168 - burning and patent of the Russian Federation No. 21117870 - waste incineration ) and already described him in detail in the Encyclopedia of Ecology (№№ 3, 11/97) .

The proposed task is solved in the proposed technology of pure utilization and processing of oil sludge as follows.

Initially, the upper layer of the separated oil is separated from the oil sludge, rectifies it in the thermal field from the simultaneous electro-firing of other residues of oil sludge in a strong electric field.

At the heart of the previously proposed and developed by the author the electric-fire intensification method is the powerful catalytic action of the electric field on the combustion of any substances and gases. As a result of the introduction of this method, it is possible to develop and create a fundamentally new plant for recycling waste, garbage and oil sludge. Its advantages: - economy in operation (fuel and electricity consumption is reduced several times), cheap production, and high quality of environmental cleaning of waste gases in general without external catalytic cleaning. Thus, when burning petroleum products, including oil sludge, a sharp decrease in all toxic components in the off-gas is achieved in the average 70-80% of their initial concentration. Almost completely removes smokiness (soot) - up to 90-95% . And most importantly, in the process of such electric fire burning, such a method of burning any waste is actively destroyed, including oil sludge, practically all toxic components disappearing in the flame, not only such simple ones as CO, CH, NO , but also many carcinogenic substances, such as benzopyrene, abruptly Decrease - several times the smell disappears, which confirms the burning of all aromatic hydrocarbons. Our method of implementation is much cheaper in comparison with analogues. Since in our case there is no need to use expensive external catalytic cleaning systems.

Those. Our technology allows cheap and simple to carry out a destructive effect on virtually the entire spectrum of toxic components of burning waste, including oil sludge.

The development of the proposed technology with respect to oil sludge is that in the process of such ecologically clean electroflame layer-by-layer combustion of residues of a specific oil sludge composition, the parameters of this combustion-activating electric field (tension, high-voltage frequency) are regulated, depending on the composition and amount of oil sludge at the optimal rate of combustion And a minimum of toxicity of waste gases.
The development of this technology also consists in the fact that in a number of cases to maximize the intensification of this process, the residual oil sludge is burned in an alternating electric field with a certain frequency selected by the criterion of maximum clean burning.

In a number of cases, the process of incineration of residual oil sludge in a constant electric field, with a field strength vector oriented in a direction perpendicular to the oil sludge surface, is also expedient, with an extremely high intensity selected depending on the composition of oil sludge, according to the criterion of the maximum combustion intensity with a minimum of toxicity of the off-gases.

The development of this technology for the processing of oil and water-oil-emulsion components of oil sludge consists in the fact that, in parallel with the combustion of residual oil sludge, the components collected from the surface of oil sludge are rectified into commodity fractions ( gasoline, kerosene, solar, ... ) by using thermal energy from pure combustion Residual oil sludge.

DESCRIPTION OF THE NEW TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS

Let us briefly outline the basics of our new technology for the utilization of oil sludge by the sequence of stages of our entire technological process of preparation, processing and utilization of oil sludge ..

Sequence of stages of new technology
Utilization and processing of petroleum residues

In the beginning, of course, it is necessary to pump out most of the crude oil that has settled on the surface of the oil barns, and to recycle it into the useful commodity products-commercial fuel, heat and electricity-for example, directly near the sludge storage facility, by means of the effective effective electric-fired technology Rectification. Moreover, it is expedient to produce thermal rectification of this oil directly in the zone where the oil barn is located with oil sludge or directly in it. The latter option is possible in case of creating a floating distillation column located in the oil-slag burning zone. Let's consider this technology in more detail. Successively behind the oil layer or in parallel with it, it is necessary to pump out and process by drying in centrifuges and then intensively mixing, for example, with acoustic methods, subsequent layers of oil sludge-relatively low-viscosity water-oil light emulsions, turning them into an efficient heating fuel for thermal power engineering. Next, it is necessary to pump out a successive or parallel layer of water, which is present in all oil barns. After all, this is just a ballast and it must be removed.

Thermal liquefaction of viscous and solid petroleum fraction fractions

What to do with those oil-slime fractions that can not be pumped out of their barns at once. They need to be softened by heat from burning part of the oil sludge directly in the barns. For these purposes, it is advisable to leave some of the crude oil in these oil sludge barns and burn it on the surface of the barns to use the heat from its environmentally friendly combustion in the electric field together with the rest of the oil sludge fractions, to substantially dilute the viscous and solid fractions. This will increase the intensity of their net burning in the electric field and processing. In the process of such thermal dilution of these thick, viscous and solid fractions of oil sludge, there is the possibility of their partial transfer outside the barns and subsequent packaging in energy capsules and briquettes from the most solid taraceous fractions of oil sludge for subsequent use as fuel. To make such combustible capsules and briquettes from dense and firm most energy-intensive fractions of oil sludge is very promising, and it is profitable from the point of commerce ... These briquettes must be further dried out with the heat from burning some of the lighter fractions of oil sludge emulsions, and then packed and stored.

OPPORTUNITY OF USING OIL-PIPELINES AS A CLEAN FUEL
FOR BOILER AND OTHER FIRE-FIGHTING TECHNOLOGIES

Is it possible to use such energy capsules of some oil slime fractions in boiler rooms and other energy-consuming fire technology, for example, in the production of asphalts and cements as a high-calorific "clean" fuel, which is purely flammable. At first, such a statement of the problem seems absurd. But do not rush to conclusions .. Yes, it turns out, you can, if to help draw an electric field. In this case, they can be burned with advantage in special electrified furnaces of boiler plants. Those. There is a huge reserve of fuel from oil sludge ( our patent No. 2079786 "Method of intensification of flame burning in the furnace of the boiler plant" ). This method of intensification makes it possible to use any combustible waste as boiler fuel, and at the same time dramatically simplifies the design, improves the thermal efficiency of the boilers by forming a heat flux from the torch along the electric field vector directly to the steam boiler. This installation of the conversion of the chemical energy of oil sludge into heat is advisable to be installed directly near the oil sludge storage facility.

Why and how to get energy fuel briquettes from some
Combustible fractions of oil sludge

It is quite logical to receive from oil sludge a useful product-high-energy fuel in the form of dried briquettes of thick fractions of oil sludge.

And we suggest getting out of barns and then drying and briquetting in plastic bags these ready-for-use solid "combustible" Resinous fractions of oil sludge, either in softened warm form with subsequent cooling and solidification in special forms, or take them out immediately in a solid form, for example a special milling bucket excavator-as peat or ore is removed from the open formation. Moreover, in the summer (or in the southern regions of Russia and the world - these combustible briquettes are most simply necessary in my opinion and most simply "dried" - right under the natural source of heat - under the sun-like adobe bricks in the villages, then packed and thereby turned into Running goods for our " electrified " boiler houses ... And why not - because it is profitable to turn waste into income ... ..

The peculiarity of our electric fire technology for the clean and intensive burning of any burning waste is the flexibility of controlling the combustion process by controlling the parameters of the electric field (current frequency, field strength).

As a result of the introduction of this technology, there is a unique possibility of intensive and clean burning of any fractions of oil sludge in the electric field both in the barn itself and in electrified boiler houses by controlling field parameters according to information from toxicity sensors of flue gases and luminosity of the flare.

It should also be noted that its useful advantage is that the proposed technology allows implementing various technological tasks. In case of overflow of oil sludge barns, it becomes possible for them to quickly clean the electric fire purification.

Thus, in the case of the fully developed technology described above, a unique opportunity for the useful processing of many fractions of oil sludge into useful commodity products, particularly energy fuel capsules and briquettes, appears.

Apparently, in the near future this promising technology for processing oil sludge is convenient for transportation and combustion in any heat and power plant. High-calorific fuel using Dudyshev's electric fire technology will lead to revolutionary shifts in the impasse of recycling and processing of numerous oil barns with oil sludge.

Such a progressive proposed technology for the utilization and processing of oil sludge can be used directly in the vicinity of oil barns as an alternative energy for transforming the huge chemical energy of oil sludge, for example into heat and electricity, through mobile or stationary heat and power plants - autonomous boiler houses, with thermal power generators - Will bring considerable benefit and profit to its developers, since it is much simpler and less costly than all existing analogous technologies for the utilization and processing of oil sludge.

The advantage of this technology lies in the fact that it allows for intensive clean burning of the remains of oil sludge both directly in the barn with oil sludge and in the production cycle of non-waste oil processing at the enterprise ..

Naturally, this new technology is also applicable for clean processing and clean burning of oil sludge residues within the very technological process of oil processing at the enterprise itself. In such an option of non-waste oil processing technology, useful utilization of oil sludge is carried out at the bottom outlet of distillation columns connected by special pipelines with special electrified waste incinerators ( Fig. 1 )

AS ENVIRONMENTALLY PURELY COMBINING OILSHIPS?

Devices for pure combustion of any fraction of oil sludge are shown in Figures 1-4 . In the latter embodiment, the oil sludge incinerator is made in the form of a special electrified furnace with an oil sludge feeding device to the combustion zone and an ash discharge as well as an oil sludge incineration cup over which an electrically insulated electrode with corona needles is placed, which electrode is electrically connected to one of the Outputs of a high-voltage voltage block, the second output of which is connected to a bowl with incinerated oil sludge. It can be used to burn any toxic waste and is described in more detail by the author in the article " How to save civilization and nature from global environmental pollution " ( Ekip, No. 11/97 ).

We also proposed a combined device ( Figure 2 ) for the implementation of a comprehensive technology of clean and useful utilization of oil sludge from oil barns. It contains an oil collection device containing a submersible pump, a sponge roller, a squeezing device and a separating vessel for separating and collecting collected oil, and a distillation column placed above the clean incinerator of other residual oil sludge, and containing the device itself for the environmentally clean burning of the residual oil sludge.

A mobile version of a device for pure electro-firing of oil sludge is also proposed both directly in oil barns and in oil spills on soil ( Fig. 3 ) containing a vehicle, a high-voltage adjustable voltage converter (electric field source), several electrically insulated withdrawable electrodes, Along the perimeter of the site of the proposed burning of oil sludge (barn with oil sludge), two original relatively light surface metal electrodes in the form of thin metal heat resistant nets, with adjustable area. A portion of the oil contamination site or a barn with residues of oil sludge is sufficient to cover it, or the entire sludge electrode, wherein the first mesh electrode is placed with zero buoyancy on the oil sludge surface and attached with metal cables to the bases of these electrically insulated electrodes, and the second mesh electrode is pulled on top of these electrically insulated electrodes, Both electrically connecting the metal mesh electrodes to the outputs of an adjustable high voltage voltage converter.

Naturally, the height of these electrically insulated electrodes in such a mobile device is selected by the condition of exceeding their height compared to the height of the flare of the burned waste by a distance sufficient to eliminate the electrical discharge of the high voltage voltage converter through the flames of the burned residues of oil sludge.

The devices of pure electric fire incineration of oil sludge have been supplemented with toxicity sensors for waste gases (smoke, CO , CxHx and other parameters) whose output is electrically connected to the control device for the parameters of the regulated high-voltage voltage converter (the electric field source in Fig . 1.2, they are not shown for simplicity of the drawings ).

What to do with those oil spills that are not pumped out of the oil
Barn - they must be burned in the barn itself

But hard layers of oil sludge, difficult to get from the bottom of the oil barns because of its viscosity, it is quite possible to burn directly in the barn itself - on its bottom or as it is mechanically removed from the barn - to serve in the dryer - which must be made near the barn from the heat of the obtained From burning what they were able to pump out - and only then to convert the formed oil sludge into combustible dry fuel briquettes. To do this, after molding, dry them with heat from burning some of the lighter fractions of oil sludge emulsions ... And then pack in polyethylene and store it as a ready-made high-calorie fuel of the future. This is already finished products. And initially to take out solid fractions is also on a new - for example a multi-bucket rotary excavator - by analogy with the extraction of peat and ore from an open natural layer.

In Fig. 3 shows in more detail a mobile mobile device for the environmentally friendly burning of oil sludge directly in a barn or oil slick on the soil.

Fig. 2. Combined device for utilization and processing of oil sludge

The combined device ( Fig. 2 ) of processing and clean utilization of oil sludge works as follows. Pumps 4 are separately fed through pipelines 5 to petroleum fraction 2 and other heavy oil slime fractions 3 to respective tanks 6 and 8 , and on the way to reservoir 8, oil is filtered out of the water in rotary separator 7 . The reservoir 8 is mounted on special supports 9 with insulators 10. Next, the residual oil sludge is ignited in the device for their clean burning 6 , simultaneously supplying an electric field above this flame from the adjustable high-voltage unit 13 powered from the power grid 14 . Moreover, in the process of realizing this process, the intensity of this field is selected according to the criterion of the optimum intensity of burning of the flame and the minimum toxicity of the off-gases from the combustion of these oil sludges. As a result, the resulting thermal energy from this flame is useful for evaporation and rectification along the useful fractions of this oil from reservoir 8 in column 11 .

Useful fractions of distillation oil (gasoline, kerosene) are withdrawn from column 11 through nozzles 12 and then used advantageously. Remains of oil sludge flow through the pipeline into the lower bowl with burning waste oil sludge.

In the embodiment of pure incineration of oil sludge directly in the barn or in the place of the oil slick ( Fig. 3 ), the process of incineration of residual oil sludge is similar to the above.

In Fig. 1.4 shows the installation of environmentally friendly combustion of oil briquettes

Fig. 3. Installation of environmentally friendly combustion of oil briquettes

Fig. 4

The photo shows an experimental installation for the pure electrofuel combustion of oil sludge, for example, in the liquid fraction and (or) in the form of a dried oil briquette of their solid oil sludge fractions.

It consists of the furnace itself and a high-voltage voltage block with electrodes placed in the furnace itself and in the afterburner column of toxic gases (a vertical column of red color). This installation demonstrates the effectiveness - of the electric fire technology of burning any toxic waste.

SUMMARY

Thus, as explained above, I am proposing essentially a whole new technological process for the processing, utilization and useful use of many fractions of oil sludge by means of pure electrofuel utilization in heat and electric power, and with the useful use of thick dried and solid fractions of oil sludge - in the form of efficient fuel briquettes . In the case of using this revolutionary technology, there is a real prospect of reversing the harm in favor of - efficiently and quickly enough to utilize and use oil sludge -t.e. Solve this acute urgent problem of the oil industry.

CONCLUSIONS

1. A promising new technology for the effective environmentally friendly utilization of oil sludge and their useful use is proposed.
2. Various new devices for the clean burning of toxic oil sludge have been proposed, patented and tested in the laboratory.
3. This new technology for the utilization of oil sludge and devices is recommended for their development on an industrial basis and subsequent mass introduction.

LITERATURE

1. Dudyshev V.D. "Utilization of oil sludge" "Ecology and Industry of Russia", May 2002.
2. Dudyshev V.D. "Electro-fire technology - an effective way of solving energy and environmental problems" - "Ecology and Industry of Russia", No. 3/97
3. VD Dudyshev, "How to save civilization and nature from global environmental pollution?" "Ecology and Industry of Russia" No. 11 / 97g. (An article on the use of electric fire technology for the clean burning of any waste)
4. Dudyshev V.D. "Method for controlling flame combustion." Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2071219 with a priority of April 19, 1994, (basic electric-fire method)
5. Dudyshev V.D. Method of intensification and management of the flame of the flame. " Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2125682 with the priority of 06.06.95. (Development of the electric-fire method)
6. Dudyshev V.D. "Method of electric fire incineration of waste and garbage". Patent of the Russian Federation No. 21117870 with a priority of June 6, 95 (the basic invention for the application of inventions 3, 4, 4 of this list)
7. Dudyshev V.D. "Method of electric fume exhaust gas cleaning". Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2125168 with a priority of 15.11.95.
8. Dudyshev V.D. Method of intensification of combustion of a flame in a furnace of a boiler plant. Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2079766 with a priority of 14.06.95 (electric-fire method)
9. Dudyshev V.D. "Method of extinguishing the flame" (electric-fire method). Author. In the USSR No. 1621234 with the Prior. From 12.03.88
10. Dudyshev VD New technology of non-contact firefighting by an electric field - "Ecology and Industry of Russia", December 2003.
11. Dudyshev V.D. A new method of environmentally friendly combustion of substances as a radical way to solve global environmental problems - in the collection. Dock at the P International Congress. " Environment for us and future generations: ecology, business and human rights in the new environment ", Russia, Samara, 1997
12. Dudyshev V.D. A new electric-combustion method of incineration of waste-in the collection. At the International Congress. "Environment for us and future generations: ecology, business and human rights in the new environment", Russia, Samara, 1998.
13. Dudyshev V.D. The new electric fire technology of intensification of combustion processes is short. At the Intern. Scientific and Practical Conference "Ecology of Large Cities" M., 1997.
14. Dudyshev V.D. "A way to intensify and control the burning of a flame". Pat. RF No. 2125682 = electrostatic spraying of fuel, as catalysts-longitudinal and transverse rotating electric motors. Fields
15. Dudyshev V.D. "Electro-Fire Technologies" article in the "New Technologies" magazine №3 / 2001 г. Samara
16. Dudyshev V.D. "New electric fire technologies" continuation of the article in the "New Technologies" magazine №4 / 2001, Samara

print version
Author: Valery Dudyshev
PS The material is protected.
Date of publication 29.12.2004гг

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