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DISEASES OF FISH


Like other animals, fish are susceptible to various diseases. Diagnosis and treatment of many of them are associated with certain difficulties and require knowledge and experience. Therefore, the aquarist needs to know not only the rules of nursing and feeding, but also the most common dangerous fish diseases, the methods of their treatment and prevention.
As you know, it is easier to prevent the disease than to treat it. The pledge of good fish health is the creation and maintenance in the aquarium of optimal and stable conditions of existence in which the fish organism will be strong, capable of resisting unfavorable factors, maintaining a biological balance that includes normal microbiological and temperature conditions, optimum salt concentration and acidity of water, oxygen saturation of water And some other factors. The maintenance of fish in the necessary regime, a variety of food, the recreation of habitual habitat conditions strengthens the immunity of fish and prevents the development of diseases.


Below are listed those phenomena and factors that may affect the health of fish and possibly contribute to disease. The best way to combat these diseases is to prevent them. The disease is easier to PREVENT than to TREAT.

1. Hunger and emaciation.
Both can easily lead to infectious damage to the integument; Fish are secondarily affected by a fungus (Saprolegnia).

2. Poor and unsuitable food.
Easily leads to diseases of the stomach and intestines. If the food is too fat, it can lead to obesity in the intestines. If the food is too monotonous and poor in vitamins, it can cause general weakening and degeneration of the liver. Pisces does not hurt some abstinence. This is the same as with people: it's better to be hungry and brisk than fed and sluggish.

3. The temperature is too low.
Fish can also catch cold. The consequence of hypothermia is most often inflammation of the swim bladder, and thereby - a decrease in the resistance force of the body. Unexpected and sudden changes in temperature and arbitrary transfer of fish should be avoided.

4. Lack of oxygen.
Most often it makes the fish breathe heavily and thereby weakens them.

5. The water is too soft or the pH is too low.
Not all fish tolerate an unusually low pH, although this is recommended for some species (red neon, discus, etc.). Fish (like other viviparous), if they live in the coastal zone, tolerate neither particularly soft water, nor too low pH. The latter causes them to "acid disease".

6. Too much solar radiation.
Fortunately, modern luminaires built into the top cover help now to avoid the widespread

Errors: installation of the aquarium on the windowsill. Due to increased sun exposure, and also because of the accompanying increase in the pH value to 10 or more, burns on the skin and fins (alkaline disease) are possible.

7. Wounds due to contact with instruments or biting neighbors.
Lead to a fungal infection or bacterial infection of wounds. It is necessary to think in advance of the selection of fish in the aquarium.

8. Poor insulation.
If inadequate means (metals, glue, paint, hoses) were used in the manufacture or repair of the aquarium at home, this can lead to poisoning.

9. Harmful gases.
Furnace gas, factory emissions, tobacco smoke, etc., are drawn in by an air pump and enter the aquarium water. They are harmful or even fatal for fish. Therefore, it is recommended to use an air filter (with filter coal) between the pump or the flow filter or to suck the air out of the room.

To the most famous symptoms of diseases in our fish is ocelli, which often worsens due to bacterial inflammation. Neon disease spreads like an epidemic; Its signs are changes in the color of the fish. Ichthyophthiriasis (literally: fish louse) appears sporadically. The most common external sign is whitish speckles, such as on the body of this gudgeon.
The most common disease of fish. Diagnosis and treatment


In addition to numerous diseases. Which can be prevented by the above-mentioned preventive measures, there are, unfortunately, others; But the aquarist can successfully treat them.
It is here about the defeat of external parasites. Internal fish diseases can be cured very difficult, because usually they are recognized too late. In case of doubt it is necessary to quickly knock on the glass of the avcarium: if the fish is healthy, then it will rush headlong down. And the sick fish swims slowly, with fluctuating movements. If the fish goes up, not moving fins, or hardly rises from the bottom, then this also indicates a disease. The same applies to fish that stay right under the surface of the water and swim only if you touch them with your hand. The table below gives a list of the most common diseases and diagnoses.

Symptoms
Diagnosis
Basic indications
Individual Symptoms
Fish behavior
Lowering to the bottom Edema, cold, inflammation of the swim bladder
Necrosis of the fins Inflammation of the intestines, colds, fin rot, gas embolism, skin turbidity, ichthyophthyroidism, alkaline disease, oiodinosis, parasite damage, swollen bladder inflammation, poisoning, constipation
Aversion of food Inflammation of the intestines, colds, tuberculosis of fish, gas embolism, skin turbidity, ichthyosporidosis, alkaline disease, spironucleosis, oiodinosis, parasite damage, poisoning, constipation Edema, fin rot, ichthyophthyroidism, neon disease
Jumping on the bottom Edema, inflammation of the intestines, colds, fish tuberculosis, ichthyosporidosis, inflammation of the swim bladder Neon disease, constipation
Convulsions Gas embolism, alkaline disease, poisoning
Hopping motion Dropsy, ichthyosporidosis, ichthyophthyroidism, odyniosis, parasite infestation, inflammation of the swim bladder Blurred skin, constipation
Shiver Dropsy, colds, tuberculosis of fish, fin rot, skin turbidity, ichthyosporidosis, ichthyophthyroidism, oiodinosis, parasite infestation, swelling bladder inflammation, poisoning
Friction about stones, etc. Skin turbidity, ichthyophthyroidism, carp louse, oiodinosis, parasite damage
Greedy swallowing of air Gas embolism, alkaline disease, poisoning Opacity of the skin
Violation of coordination of movements Tuberculosis of fish, glueosis, ichthyosporidosis, alkaline disease, neon disease, spironucleosis, inflammation of the swim bladder, poisoning
Anxiety, apathy Gas embolism, alkaline disease, poisoning Opacity of the skin
Changes in appearance
Emaciation Inflammation of the intestines, tuberculosis of fish, ichthyosporidosis, neon disease, spironucleosis Glueosis, oedinosis
Bloating Swelling, swelling of the swim bladder Cold, ichthyosporidosis, neon disease
Deformation of body parts Edema, tuberculosis of fish, ichthyosporidosis, neon disease Fin rot
Scaling of scales Edema, ichthyosporidosis Neon disease
Accumulation dropsy Fish tuberculosis, ichthyosporidosis
Skin Symptoms
Redness of the anal opening Edema, inflammation of the intestine, spironucleosis cold
Bluish white spots Tuberculosis of fish, opacification of the skin, ichthyosporidosis, alkaline disease, neon disease, parasite damage cold
Focal hemorrhages Edema, tuberculosis of fish, ichthyosporidosis, spironucleosis, parasite damage Skin turbidity, ichthyophthyroidism, alkaline disease
Color change stains Tuberculosis of fish, glueosis, neon disease
Subcutaneous gas bubbles Gas embolism
Ulcers Edema, tuberculosis of fish, glueosis, ichthyosporidosis, spironucleosis
Sores, rash on the body Ichthyosporidosis
Exfoliation of skin Alkaline disease, oiodinosis, parasite damage Opacity of the skin
Whitish beads or tubercles Lymphocystis
Nodules yellowish Oiodinosis
Dark spots Opacity of the skin, ichthyosporidosis, parasite damage
Felt coating Opacity of the skin, saprollegyosis
Change fins
Pineal Nodules Lymphocystis
Mucous darkening Fin rot, ichthyophthyroidism, alkaline disease, parasite damage, saprollegiosis Opacity of the skin
Gluing the fins Opacity of the skin
Whitening edge fins Lymphocystis, parasitism Fin rot
Destruction of the fins Tuberculosis of fish, fin rot, skin turbidity, ichthyophthyroidism, alkaline disease, oiodinosis, parasite infestation
Gill changes
Bulging of the gills Parasite damage
Swelling, inflammation Alkaline disease, parasite damage, poisoning Opacity of the skin
Slate-white tarnish Opacity of the skin
Whitening Ichthyophthyroidism, alkaline disease, parasite damage
Bead nodules Ichthyophthyroidism Parasite damage
Wormlike stains Parasite damage
Eye Changes
The Euphorbia Edema, tuberculosis of fish, ichthyosporidosis, constipation
Dots and specks Ichthyophthyroidism, oiodinosis
Tarnishing Ichthyosporidosis, ichthyophthyroidism, oiodinosis Parasite damage
Surface destruction Ichthyophthyroidism, oiodinosis, parasite infestation


Even very weak symptoms should be taken seriously. It is necessary to try to start treatment by increasing the resistance of the fish organism: it must be isolated and provided with favorable water and temperature conditions, as well as food, which means: do not overfeed and do not overheat. As for a separate reservoir, and behind the aquarium, where the fish was removed, it is necessary to closely monitor.
To strengthen the body's resistance to fish, vitamin preparations can be added to food. But if its condition worsens, then it is necessary to take the next step, to begin treatment. First of all, you need to make a short or long bath. Further, according to the instructions on the package, it is necessary to treat the fish in its quarantine vessel. And, please, never exceed the indicated dose "for the best of reasons" - this can lead to the rapid death of fish.

Fish pests and methods of fighting them


Along with live food, dangerous pests often enter the aquarium, which causes serious trouble to its owner and causes radical measures, therefore the aquarist must know the enemies of the fish and the methods of fighting them.


Argulus (scientific name) - the most unpleasant "guests" of the aquarium. These include zhabrohvostye crustaceans, which are usually called fish louse, or carpoeids. The crustaceans feed on the blood of fish, parasitizing on their skin. They are quite large, reach 4-8 mm in length and, what is most important, they have a wide, sheet-shaped (flattened) translucent body, painted in greenish-yellow or grayish-green color, which makes them poorly visible on the body of fish. The cephalothorax of the parasite is provided with attachment organs with curved hooks, sucking proboscis, suction-prominent organs, four pairs of swimming legs, two faceted eyes. Very mobile, easily separated from the fish and freely floating in the water with the help of swimming legs. Possessing a positive reaction to light, the crustaceans and their larvae tend to the light layers of the water, where their development occurs more quickly. Of eggs laid by the female on the ground, plants, stones, larvae appear. If the larvae, floating freely in the water for 2-3 days, will not meet the fish, they perish. Once on the fish, they grow so quickly that after 15-18 days they reach sexual maturity and can lay eggs themselves.


Arguluses are thermophilic and light-loving, therefore, in an aquarium, they usually fall, as a rule, in the hot season with water, soil, vegetation, live food from natural reservoirs. Drifting them into the aquarium is a real disaster. Attached to the fish, parasites pierce the skin with a proboscis and not only suck blood, but also inject into the wound the toxic secret of the poisonous gland. The wound site becomes inflamed, swollen, a hemorrhage occurs, and in more severe cases, deep wounds form on the body of fish. Destroying the skin, contribute to penetration through the wounds of microorganisms and the development of infectious diseases.


The struggle with the arguments is rather difficult and basically lies in their mechanical separation. The affected fish are placed in a moist tampon and parasites are removed with a thin tweezers. You can then treat the wound with a treatment solution (1 g of crystalline potassium permanganate per 1 liter of water), for which a cotton swab wound around a match (without a sulfur head) and moistened in the indicated treatment solution is applied to the affected area. After this, the fish is immediately released into an uninfected aquarium.


The main methods of struggle are based on the knowledge of the nature of the development of the parasite. We recommend leaving the aquarium without fish and raising the temperature to 26 ° C, it is good to light and keep it so for a week. Do not catch food in hot weather in the reservoirs where fish live. It is very important to carefully review, sort the caught and bought food on the market.


Hydra. Very untidy for the inhabitants of the aquarium can be the massive development of dangerous representatives of intestinal lobed protozoa - hydra. Attached to the glass of the aquarium, plants, other objects soles, the hydra attacks with the help of stinging tentacles on the larvae and fry. Tentacles are provided with stinging capsules containing fine filaments with poison, with which the hydra paralyzes the victim, and then captures and absorbs. In this case, the predator significantly increases in size. The body length of the hydra without tentacles reaches 1 cm. In larger fry, the hydra breaks the skin, opening the infection. Hydra can reproduce very quickly by budding. It is photophilous, and you can see the accumulation of hydra in a brightly lit area of ​​the aquarium glass.


Get rid of hydra is not easy. We can offer the easiest way - luring to the light, given their positive phototaxis. A thin glass is lowered into the water, which is pressed tightly against the glass of the aquarium. The aquarium shadows and direct a beam of light onto this glass. When the hydras accumulate in the lighted area, the glass is removed from them, cleaning the animals from it. This method can not rid the hydra completely.


The use of ammonium sulfate [(NH 4 ) 2 SO] or ammonium nitrate (NHNO): ammonium sulfate is dissolved from the calculation of 0.05 g of the preparation per 1 liter of water and is introduced into a common aquarium, since it is harmless in these doses for fish. Hydra should die within 3-5 days. Applying ammonium nitrate, fry and juvenile fish from the aquarium are removed, adult fish and hydra intensively fed for two weeks by daphnia. Hydras at this time actively multiply. Then, the ammonium nitrate is added to the aquarium from the calculation of 0.6-1 g of the preparation per 10 liters of water, first dissolving the substance in 250-500 ml of water. For better mixing, aeration is included. The temperature is raised to 27-28 ° C and maintained until the end of the course of treatment. After three days, the initial dose of the same concentration is applied. Hydras should die on the 5th-6th day. Water in the aquarium after the destruction of the hydra is not completely changed. Pisces ammonium nitrate in such concentrations is not harmful, and plants even serve as fertilizer.


If there are no plants in the aquarium and you can temporarily remove the fish, apply hydrogen peroxide from the calculation of two teaspoons of 3% hydrogen peroxide solution per 10 liters of water. The calculated amount is diluted in 100-150 ml of water and introduced into an aquarium without fish and plants. The resulting free oxygen acts on the hydrate is fatal.


You can place in the different ends of the aquarium two coils of copper wire (without insulation). In water, copper begins to oxidize, and the resulting products have a harmful effect on the hydra, in which the tentacles are lost (they fall to the bottom of the aquarium, where they are removed by the hose). After being released from Hydra, the wire is removed.


When using a solution of copper sulfate (0.05 g per 1 liter of water), the death of the hydrate occurs within an hour, after another 3-4 hours, partial purification and complete replacement of water are carried out. Fish for the duration of these operations from the aquarium is removed. Copper vitriol must be chemically pure or pure for analysis. Complicating this event is a complete replacement of water, that is, in fact, the creation of anew aquarium. However, for spawning and growing special aquariums where there is no soil, plants are usually kept in pots or cuvettes (they are portable), water is taken from large aquariums, diluting it with tap water, this method is quite acceptable.


The method of fighting hydra with the help of an electric current was tested and suggested by the aquarist E. Dotsenko from Kharkov. It consists in connecting a 9-12 V direct current source to two bundles of copper wire (without insulation) immersed in water at opposite ends of the aquarium (for which it is possible to use a 9-12-volt transformer with a diode one- or two-half-rectifier rectifier ). Current is included after installation of the wiring, provided that the current wires are thoroughly insulated from the metal frame of the aquarium. It is enough one or two inclusions for 1-2 minutes to destroy all the hydra in a 60-liter aquarium. Fish and plants feel normal at the same time.


Together with water plants in the aquarium you can bring flat worms. They are called planaria (Planaria gonocephala and P. maculata). These worms with a head in the form of a triangle are glued to the windows and are especially dangerous for fry.


Planaria. There are three types of planarians known: Planaria torva, black (Policoelis nigra) and less common large milky-white planaria (Dendrocoellum lacteum), reaching a length of 2.5 cm. These flat worms, having, according to one biologist, "robbery ", Falling into an aquarium with live food, destroy caviar, larvae and fry of fish. Planaria is not at all harmless in relation to adult fish. Her predatory attack on adult Malawian cichlids was observed, for example, by scientists in the Dnepropetrovsk aquarium complex. In the gills of the dead fish, planaria were found in large numbers. The death of cichlids occurred as a result of severe anemia. Saving the rest of the fish was achieved by the introduction of sodium chloride (2.5 g per 1 liter of water).


Unlike hydra planarians, they lead a twilight way of life, hiding in the daytime in plants, under rocks. If you look at the caught planaria under the magnifying glass, you can see two eyes on the front of the body. The body of the planaria is covered with cilia and the movements look smooth. Worms are covered with a specific mucus, so fish, with the exception of some, do not take them. The planetarium is unusually tenacious. Getting into unfavorable conditions, they lose mobility, turning into a formless mass, but a pharynx that can live on its own, breaks away from the body and leaves the environment, continuing to move. Worms are capable of striking regeneration: separated by more than two hundred parts, they retain the ability of full recovery from each part.


The methods of combating this tenacious predator are based on its highly developed sense of smell. In the gauze pouch put a little scraped beef and on the line lowered into the aquarium, near the plants or from the ground. The aquarium is darkened.


Planaria quickly gather for bait. The bag is taken out with a net and lowered into a steep boiling water. The procedure is repeated at intervals of several days.


It is ruinous for planaria and an increase in the temperature of water to 30-32 ° C, which many tropical fish can withstand (provided there is sufficient aeration).


Chemical methods of controlling planarians are also acceptable. Apply copper sulfate (1.5 mg per 1 liter of water) and ammonium nitrate (25-50 mg per 1 liter of water with a double treatment).


Experienced aquarists for the destruction of the planaria run into an aquarium aged for 2-3 days without eating young gourami, macropods, males, black-banded cichlases, chrome boules, plekostom.


In case of an epidemic, only complete cleaning and disinfection of not only the aquarium itself, but each object that has recently come into contact with its contents, will help. To do this, it is best to use formalin, a liquid with a strong odor, which is usually used in a diluted form for the preparation. This high-grade poison immediately kills the fish.


Together with the food in the aquarium you can bring other no less dangerous pests of fish. Some of them, for example larvae of the beetle-beetle, naiads of dragonflies, suitable for feed to adult cichlazomas and other large predatory fish, are absolutely unacceptable in an aquarium with small species and, especially, young. One dragonfly larva, not noticed by an aquarist, can destroy all the fry and kill adult fish, such as, for example, neon.


The beetle is a beetle. The head of the larva is provided with sickle-shaped jaws. They have enough prey, let the paralyzing liquid through the channels, then regurgitates the enzymes from the stomach into the wound of the victim, dissolving the tissues to the liquid state, and this liquid sucks up until there is practically nothing left from the extraction. The beetles themselves are tearing the prey to pieces and eagerly eat. Cases are described when in natural reservoirs and spawning ponds the beetles and their larvae destroyed almost all the young fish. The larvae of the Flounder at an early stage of development are small, and therefore may not be seen by the aquarist and entered into an aquarium with a bloodworm and crustaceans.


Dangerous pests that destroy fish are such water insects as gladyses, ranatry, plavty, water mites, scutes, water cannels, water bug apheliohirus, as well as larvae of water scorpion, water beetle, beetle-beetle. All of them are visible to the naked eye, therefore, with some caution, sorting and carefully viewing live food, you can avoid getting pests into the aquarium.

This is how Ichthyophthirius multifilis is transmitted: a parasite ingrown into the skin of the fish breaks and falls to the bottom; From the shell (capsule) there are new parasites that infect other fish. The figure above shows a fish covered with white speckled bumps. Below: these infusoria, distinguishable by a simple eye, differ (for a specialist armed with a microscope) with a horseshoe-shaped core.

A small flagellum Cost ia necatrix, shaped like a bean, is transmitted directly from one fish to another (through the skin). Parasites die if they do not find the "master." These unicellular parasites on the skin and gills. Diagnosis (see picture above): the fish is covered with thin bluish-gray spots. Below you see a separate parasite and how the flagellates attach to the skin.
Symptoms of oodiniumosis caused by dinoflagella-that of Oodinium pillularis, resemble ichthyophthiriasis: parasites on the skin and gills of fish pathogens of disease, reaching maturity, fall down. Inside the spore there is a multiple repetition, and thus new parasites (dinospores) appear, settling on other fish. Fish are also covered with white specks, but smaller (see the figure above).

The following table lists the symptoms of various diseases:

Name of the disease
Cause
Therapy
Dropsy, scaling of the scales The pseudomona punctata caused by liver damage. Because of the penetration of water into the abdominal cavity - scaling of the scales. Treatment is impossible; You can only try to make a bath outside the acarum (!): 80 mg / l Chloramphenicol .
Inflammation or intestinal infection It can be a side effect of spironucleosis; Then treat like this disease. Depending on the reason.
Cold Due to a sudden change of temperature or too cold water. Contents in a separate tank: slowly increase the temperature by 4-5 ° C; After eight days, gradually reduce it for eight days to the temperature of the aquarium.
Tuberculosis of fish Caused by microbacteria (Myobacterium piscium) nodularity. The disease proceeds slowly; Not contagious. Catch the diseased fish and destroy it. Treatment is impossible. Stronger fish can imperceptibly transfer the infection.
Fin fungus Defeat and fall of fins, caused by deterioration of water. As a first aid: a change of water! Treatment with Ek t ozon, Exrapid (as directed by the manufacturer) or individual long-term baths: a) trypaflavin (10 mg / l) or b) Chloramphenicol (6-8 mg / l); A) for many days, b) after eight hours
Gas embolism Formation of air bubbles under the skin and in blood vessels due to oxygen saturation (rarely) or water pressure filling the aquarium (with water change). To warn this disease is easier than to treat! Fill the aquarium with only standing water. In case of illness, strongly aerate the aquarium water to remove excess pressure.
Glugoseosis Pathogen - microsporidia Glugea pseudotu m efaciens; Affects primarily the ovaries (especially in Brachydanio rerio), but also other internal organs. Treatment is impossible! If it is determined that the fish are sick with this disease, they must be caught and destroyed.
Ichthyoblodosis (dicease) Defeat of weakening parasites (Chilodonella, Costia, Trichodina Cyclochaeta); Can spread like an infection. Separate (!) Trays with trypoflavin (see fin rot) or short baths with table salt (10-15 g / l) after 20 minutes with a temperature increase of 2-3 ° C.
Ichthyosporidiosis (ichthyofonosis) Caused by fungiococcus ficomycete Ichthyosporidiurn hofe ri and easily spreading infection. Mostly affects internal organs. If this disease is established, treatment is impossible.
Ichthyophthyroidism The most famous of the fish diseases, is caused by the equinox infusoria Ichthyophthirius multifilius, which lives under the skin of the fish. Treatment of long baths in the aquarium! In specialized stores there are medicines. They most often contain coloring matter. Be careful: the plants in the aquarium do not tolerate some drugs,
Karpoeed A parasite shaped like lentils; Visible to the naked eye. Yellow-green color with dark dots. If you catch fish from the aquarium, the mouthpiece of the louse disappears; It can be removed by washing with a brush.
Alkaline Disease The disease is due to a high pH, ​​as well as strong solar radiation or a low lime content in water, which is incapable of binding carbon dioxide. Constantly carry out a partial change of water or move fish to another aquarium. Subsequently, monitor the pH value. When adding CO2, if done correctly, the disease can not occur.
Lymphocystis Viral disease, which is particularly susceptible to dwarf cichlids and macro-pods; Easily transmitted. If the fins are affected, they can be (shallowly) cut off. If the disease passes to the body, further treatment is impossible. Fish must be caught and destroyed.
Neon disease The causative agent of the disease is called Plistophora hyphessobryconis; Parasitizes in the muscles of the fish, forming spores. The disease can spread like an epidemic (well known to importers). Treatment is impossible: the fish should be closely monitored, the infected individuals immediately caught and destroyed.
Oiodinosis; Velvet disease The disease causes Oodinium pillularis, flagella infusoria; The symptoms are the same as with ichthyophthyroidism. The medicinal product is "Exrapid"; Separate short baths in a solution of table salt (10-15 g / l) for 20 minutes or immersion in a net (25 g / l) for 10-20 seconds.
The defeat of parasites Pathogens: Chilodonella, Costia, Trichodina, (Cyclochaeta), gill worms, Dactylogyrus, Gyrodactylus and Monocoelium Neodactylogyrus, and others. See also "Ichthyoblodosis (dicease)". When lesions with gill parasites - "Gyrotox" (in a pet store), according to the instructions. Possible short baths in a solution of table salt (repeat after a few days).
Saprollegyosis Organic contamination (corpses of fish, remains of food, etc.). Most often on the affected areas (open wounds) there is mold caused by a fungal disease. Lubricate the preparation against fungus or mold; Possible short baths in manganese (1 g / 100 l), 20 - 30 minutes.
Inflammation of the swim bladder It can be a concomitant phenomenon in dropsy or a consequence of hypothermia. Depending on the reason; See "Vodianka" and "Cold."
Spironucleosis Most often, this flagellate is imported together with fish from East Asia. Strikes usually discus (whitish filiform excrement). It also occurs in other cichlids. The final stage: holes in the head. Special preparations with metronidazole (for example, "Clont") are sold under the prescription. In the pet store you can buy "Nehaeh". The tablet of the first of these drugs must be dissolved in about 60 liters of water; 4-day course of treatment in the aquarium. The second preparation should be used according to the instructions. Preventive courses are recommended (2 times a year). In pharmacies also sold metronizadol BP 80, packaged in vials of 10 g. Unlike the drug "Clont" - this is a pure substance without fillers, because its price is higher. (Dosage: 4 mg per liter of aquarium water.)
Poisoning The cause should be established. Have you worked recently on the aquarium and its design? Did they use chemicals? Sprayed in the room anti-insect medications? Is it possible to poison with ammonia or nitrites? If the cause is found, it is necessary to eliminate it and thereby poisoning. In case of doubt, it is recommended gradually, in small portions, to change the water.
Constipation The reason is most often in monotony of nutrition; Is a consequence of the common cold. Optimal care and care for a variety of food: live and fresh-frozen food (animal protein).



Now consider the classification of fish diseases.

1. INEXPARATED DISEASES.

These diseases arise as a result of a violation of the conditions of the fish, which leads to a decrease in the immunity of the organism in relation to the causative agents of infectious diseases. With a corresponding change in the conditions of the fish, their health is restored.
Non-contagious diseases in fish can be caused by mechanical injuries and unfavorable conditions of detention. The main causes of non-communicable diseases are as follows:
- lack of oxygen;
- nutritional imbalance in nutrition and various macro and microelements;
- poor quality of feed;
- monotonous food;
- temperature differences;
- too frequent transplants;
- various injuries, etc.

2. INFECTIOUS DISEASES.

Factors affecting the spread of infectious diseases:
- the species-specific ratio of fish;
- the presence of aquarium plants;
- the saturation of water with oxygen and harmful gases;
- oxidability of water;
- density of planting of fish;
- constancy of temperature;
- frequency of water replacement, etc.

Infectious diseases in turn are divided into two groups:

1. Invasive diseases.
Pathogens: parasites of animal origin.
The source of infection, among other things, may be intermediate and additional hosts of pathogens (mollusks, crustaceans, fish) in which the clinical course of the disease may not manifest itself.
Prevention:
- Proper care of the aquarium, the general culture of keeping aquarium fish;
- Care for a normal sanitary condition;
- Timely introduction of certain doses of drugs into the water.

2. Infectious diseases.
Exciters: the simplest organisms.
Spreading through water, tanks, inventory, etc.
Prevention:
- Prevention of drift into the aquarium pathogens of diseases, along with live food, plants and fish;
- Periodical introduction into the water of the aquarium of the necessary doses of certain preparations.


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