Carbonates: Dolomite

Semi-precious stones, gems Diagnostic Card.
Photo: dolomite crystals and pyrite. Below: dolomite mine of Traversella (Turin). Bowl of differently colored dolomite.

Ca Mg (CO 3)2
Crystal system trigonal
Hardness of 3.5-4
Specific gravity 2.85-2.95
Cleavage easily divided
fracture conchoidal
Colour colorless, raznookra- Weighted
Color white powder
Shine from glass to pearl

Semi-precious stones, gemsSemi-precious stones, gems

Dolomite mineral called and composed of his breed. Calcium and magnesium carbonate. Gloss glass. It shines through. Colours: white, yellow, brown; rarely is colorless and translucent. The bar is white. Fracture conchoidal. Fragile. Cleavage is perfect. In contact with warm dilute hydrochloric acid, "effervescence."

Rock-forming mineral sedimentary carbonate rocks. It formed in hydrothermal veins and fractures. It often occurs intergrown with calcite. The crystals (trigonal crystal system) usually curved saddle. Among them dominate rhombohedrons (same shape and have spines vykolki). Frequent granular aggregates, solid, large crystal blocks with a distinct cleavage, dense and porous cellular mass. Distributed everywhere.

Anchors, or brown spar. The iron dolomite. In rare large masses typically formed under hydrothermal conditions.

Semi-precious stones, gems Presented rhombohedrons formed by the planes of faces that represent the diamonds. Typical are also aggregates of crystals with curved surfaces faces, giving them the appearance "of a cavalry saddle."

The crystals having good cleavage along the rhombohedron can be colorless and transparent, sometimes light gray, yellowish, pinkish and then opaque. Sunblaze colorless crystal-glass, but more typical pearl, especially saddle units. Dolomite can be a solid mass or dense saccharoidal addition, sometimes cavernous.

Chemical composition. The double salt of CaCO 3 - MgSO3; calcium oxide (CaO) 30.4%, magnesium oxide (MgO) 21,7%, carbon dioxide (CO2) 47.9%; isomorphic impurities: iron, manganese (up to a few percent). Form crystals. rhombohedral; crystal faces often curved. The crystal structure. Characterized in that calcium ions (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) alternate along the threefold axis. Class symmetry. Rhombohedral - 3. Cleavage. Perfect for the rhombohedron (1011). Aggregates. Typically, granular, often porous, less kidney-shaped, hollow, spherical.

Semi-precious stones, gems Diagnostic features.
Dolomite is scratched with a knife, and not too heavy. From calcite is characterized in that no effervescence in contact with cold dilute acids. Not melts and cracks. Behavior in acids. The cold HCl dissolves slowly and heated - faster (with a strong effervescence); calcite vigorous effervescence in the cold HCl.

Origin.
Dolomite - is a very common mineral, the main component of sedimentary carbonate rocks, dolomite and dolomitic limestone. They are formed mainly by the action of seawater, enriched with magnesium, to marine calcareous sediments. Thus there is the gradual replacement of the magnesium-calcium. Dolomite is also present in some of the low-temperature hydrothermal veins among the various metamorphic rocks.

Place of Birth.
In Italy it is very common. In the Piedmont crystalline dolomite is found in crevices among the dolomite saharoobraznyh Krevola d'Ossola. Gorgeous crystals known from mines Brosseau and Traversella near Turin. In the region of Lombardy in the form of saddle dolomite crystals found in quartz porphyry in Guasso al Monte (Province of Varese). It is abundant in the dolomite formation and often falls among Carrara marble. Excellent samples of dolomite crystals known in the region of Navarra (Spain).

Application.
Pure dolomite is an excellent raw material for extraction of magnesium metal, used mainly in the production of light alloys. Dolomite prepared from magnesium salts used in medicine. In the building materials industry dolomite used for the manufacture of special types of cement.

Semi-precious stones, gems

Magnesium - component enzymes in the human body is contained in bones, teeth, is a regulator of the nervous system. Magnesium - macrocell, which is suffering from the disease to 90% of people. The human body contains approximately 140 g of magnesium (0.2% by weight), and accounts for 2/3 of the bone tissue. The main "depot" magnesium is in the bones and muscles in the form of phosphates and bicarbonates. Magnesium comes into contact with food (in particular the sodium salt - bitter "Artyomsol") and water.

Depletion of blood magnesium noted in rickets. Symptoms of magnesium deficiency: the deterioration of the transmission of nerve and muscle impulses, causing irritability and nervousness, increased excitability, spasms and cramps, disorientation in time and space, insomnia, migraine, chronic fatigue, digestive disorders, heart palpitations, seizures, fits of anger or irritation. The first sign of magnesium deficiency are twitching and convulsions, especially the calf muscles. Psychiatric mineral.

Magnesium deficiency underlies the cardiovascular diseases. Against the background of continuous magnesium deficiency increases the risk of atherosclerosis of the heart arteries, heart attacks and heart rhythm changes. It can be a cause of fatal cardiac arrhythmias, hypertension, cardiac arrest, asthma (particularly on the basis of inhalation cinnabar), chronic pain syndrome (PTSD), depression, insomnia, irritable bowel syndrome and pulmonary diseases. Develop arthritis and osteoporosis. Most magnesium is contained in wheat bran and sprouts of cereals (520 and 270 mg per 100 g).

Magnesium is essential: for hypertension, symptomatic hypertension, atherosclerosis, liver disease and biliary tract, depression, dizziness, muscle weakness and twitching, in psoriasis, scleroderma, lupus erythematosus, premenstrual syndrome, to maintain the body's normal pH balance, calcification of soft warning tissues. It provides protection from arterial endothelial stress caused by sudden drops in blood pressure, necessary for the formation of bone and mineral metabolism of carbohydrate, to dissolve kidney stones formed from oxalates and phosphates. Magnesium enhances the effectiveness of vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), important for the prevention of atherosclerosis.

Increased magnesium level (gipermagniemiya) may occur in the blood while taking antacids or laxatives containing magnesium, in patients with chronic renal failure. For parenteral administration of magnesium sulphate may experience symptoms of intoxication in the form of a general depression, weakness and drowsiness (brain involved), cardiac failure. The use of magnesium sulfate solution in pregnancy and childbirth in a 4-fold increased risk of cerebral palsy in the newborn (weak mother's birth). Anesthesia (coma) occurs when the concentration of magnesium in the blood of 15-18 mg%.

Magnesium afraid of even the doctors, it is a dangerous "comatose" ( "sleepy") drug depressing brain - almost 100% of the hospital (for the treatment of medical magnesia). The mineral ions which are "working" on the junction of the neurons (axons). In acute renal failure with oliguria, especially in combination with metabolic acidosis, gipermagniemiya possible. calcium infusion (antagonist) may counteract the toxicity of magnesium.

ADR 4.1 Semi-precious stones, gems
Flammable solids, self-reactive substances and solid desensitized explosives
Risk of fire. Flammable or combustible materials can be ignited by sparks or flames. May contain self-reactive substances that are liable to exothermic decomposition in the case of heating, contact with other substances (such as acids, heavy-metal compounds or amines), friction or shock.
This may result in the evolution of harmful and flammable gases or vapors or self-ignition. Containers may explode when heated (ultra-hazardous - practically do not burn).
Risk of explosion of desensitized explosives after loss of desensitizer
Seven vertical red stripes on a white background, of equal, the number of ADR, the black flame

ADR 4.2 Semi-precious stones, gems
Substances capable of autoignition
Risk of fire as a result of self-ignition if packages are damaged or there is the source of the content.
May react vigorously with water
White upper half of the rhombus, red - the lower, equal size, number of ADR, the black flame

ADR 4.3 Semi-precious stones, gemsSemi-precious stones, gems
Substances that emit flammable gases in contact with water
The risk of fire and explosion on contact with water.
Goods that are scattered, you need to cover and keep dry
Blue diamond, the number of ADR, black or white flame

ADR 5.1 Semi-precious stones, gems
Substances which are oxidized
Risk of vigorous reaction, ignition and explosion in contact with combustible or flammable substances
Do not allow the formation of a mixture of cargo with flammable or combustible substances (eg sawdust)
Yellow diamond, the number of ADR, a black flame over a circle

ADR 6.1 Semi-precious stones, gems
Toxic (Poison)
Risk of intoxication by inhalation, skin contact or ingestion. Constitutes a danger to the aquatic environment or the sewage system
Use a mask for the emergency leaving the vehicle
White diamond, the number of ADR, black skull and crossbones

Name of especially dangerous during transportation of cargo room
UN
Class
ADR
Magnesium nitrate cm. Magnesium nitrate 1474 5.1
Magnesium - Magnesium alloy powder or - POWDER 1418 4.3
Magnesium or magnesium alloys containing more than 50% of magnesium (pellets, chips or strips) 1869 4.1
Magnesium silikatnoftoristy see. Magnesium fluorosilicate 2853 6.1
MAGNESIUM COATED GRANULES The particle size of at least 149 microns 2950 4.3
Magnesium phosphide (Mg3 (PO3) 2) cm. Magnesium phosphide (Mg3P2) 2011 4.3
Magnesium diamide 2004 4.2
magnesium arsenate 1622 6.1
Magnesium BROMATE 1473 5.1
of magnesium hydride 2010 4.3
Magnesium methyl bromide in diethyl ether cm. Methyl magnesium bromide in ethyl ether 1928 4.3
magnesium nitrate 1474 5.1
Magnesium peroxide (peroxide) 1476 5.1
magnesium perchlorate 1475 5.1
Magnesium silikatftorid see. Magnesium fluorosilicate 2853 6.1
magnesium silicide 2624 4.3
Magnesium phosphide 2011 4.3
Magnesium fluorosilicate 2853 6.1
Magnesium chlorate 2723 5.1
Magnesium chloride solution - -
Magnesium-aluminum phosphide 1419 4.3

Toxic and hazardous radioactive rocks and minerals

** - Poisonous stones and minerals (obligatory check in chemical laboratory + clear indication of toxicity)
** - Radioactive rocks and minerals (obligatory check on a regular dosimeter + ban on the open sale of radioactivity in the event of more than 24 mR / hour + additional measures to protect the population)

  1. Adamini *
  2. Annaberg ** erythrite
  3. antimonite *
  4. Arsenolit **
  5. arsenopyrite **
  6. orpiment **
  7. Bayldonit *
  8. Beryl **
  9. betafite **
  10. Billietit **
  1. Bismutinit *
  2. antimonnickel *
  3. Viteri *
  4. gadolinium **
  5. Galit * *
  6. geocronite *
  7. glaucodot *
  8. Dekluazit Mottramit **
  9. Jordan *
  10. Carnot **
  1. vermilion **
  2. cobaltite *
  3. Kottunit *
  4. Lirokonit *
  5. marcasite *
  6. monazite *
  7. ammonia *
  8. Nichelino *
  9. Autun **
  10. pyromorphite *
  11. pyrochlore *
  1. proustite *
  2. rammelsbergite *
  3. realgar **
  4. Mercury *
  5. Senarmontit *
  6. Sulphur *
  7. skutterudite *
  8. Strontianite * *
  9. Antimony *
  10. tetrahedron *
  11. thorianite **
  1. Torit **
  2. uraninite **
  3. Farmacol *
  4. chalcocite *
  5. Hutchinson *
  6. Celestine * *
  7. Zircon **
  8. euxenite **
  9. enargite *
  10. aeschynite **
  11. conichalcite

Catalog minerals and gems in groups of the world

** - Poisonous stones and minerals
** - Radioactive rocks and minerals

The types of minerals (classification
chemical composition)

Native elements:
  1. Diamond
  2. Graphite
  3. Iron
  4. Gold
  5. Copper
  6. Platinum
  7. Mercury *
  8. Sulphur *
  9. Silver
  10. Antimony *
sulfides:
  1. antimonite *
  2. vitreous silver
  3. arsenopyrite **
  4. orpiment **
  5. Bismutinit *
  6. Bornite
  7. antimonnickel *
  8. Boulanger
  9. berthonite
  10. Wurtz
  11. Galena
  12. Gauerit
  13. geocronite *
  14. glaucodot *
  15. Greenock
  16. Jameson
  17. dyscrasia
  18. Jordan *
  19. vermilion **
  20. cobaltite *
  21. covellite
  22. cosalite
  23. marcasite *
  24. Meneghini
  25. miargyrite
  26. millerite
  27. Molybdenite
  28. Nichelino *
  29. pyrargyrite
  30. Pyrite
  31. pyrrhotite
  32. polybasite
  33. proustite *
  34. rammelsbergite *
  35. realgar **
  36. Sylvania
  37. skutterudite *
  38. stannite
  39. Stephanie
  40. blende
  41. tetrahedron *
  42. Ulman
  43. chalcocite *
  44. Chalcopyrite
  45. Hutchinson *
  46. enargite *
Pyroxene (silicates):
  1. Augite
  2. bronzite
  3. hedenbergite
  4. Diopside
  5. Jade
  6. spodumene
  7. Fassait
  8. Aegirine
  9. enstatite
halides:
  1. Atacama
  2. Bole
  3. villiaumite
  4. Galit * *
  5. Diaboleit
  6. Yodargirit
  7. carnallite
  8. Cerargyrite (hlorargirit)
  9. Connelly
  10. Cryolite
  11. Kottunit *
  12. Myers
  13. march
  14. Nador
  15. ammonia *
  16. Tomsenolit
  17. fluorite
spinel
(oxides):
  1. manganites
  2. Magnetite
  3. saturnine red
  4. Franklin
  5. Chrysoberyl
  6. Chromite
  7. Spinel
Oxides and hydroxides:
  1. Arsenolit **
  2. betafite **
  3. Billietit **
  4. Brooke's
  5. brucite
  6. Wolframite
  7. Hematite
  8. goethite
  9. diasporas
  10. ilmenite
  11. cassiterite
  12. Quartz
  13. columbite
  14. Corundum
  15. cristobalite
  16. Cuprite
  17. limonite
  18. acerdese
  19. octahedra
  20. Opal
  21. perovskite
  22. pyrolusite
  23. pyrochlore *
  24. Pirohroit
  25. Platner
  26. psilomelane
  27. Rutile
  28. Senarmontit *
  29. tellurite
  30. tenorite
  31. thorianite **
  32. tridymite
  33. uraninite **
  34. Ferguson
  35. Chalcedony
  36. Zincite
  37. euxenite **
  38. aeschynite **
Other:
  1. astrophyllite
  2. petrified wood
  3. Amber
carbonates:
  1. azurite
  2. Ankerite
  3. Aragonite
  4. Artin
  5. Aurihaltsit
  6. borax
  7. Viteri *
  8. gaylussite
  9. Hydrocincite
  10. Dolomite
  11. potassium nitrate
  12. Calcite
  13. Kern
  14. Coleman
  15. Ludwig
  16. magnesite
  17. Malachite
  18. sodium nitrate
  19. Pirssonit
  20. Roditsit
  21. rhodochrosite
  22. Rozazit
  23. Siderite
  24. Smithson
  25. Strontianite * *
  26. throne
  27. Ulex
  28. phosgene
  29. cerussite
Sulfates:
  1. Alotrihin
  2. Alunite
  3. Alyunogen
  4. Anhydrite
  5. Anglesite
  6. Barite
  7. Botriogen
  8. brochantite
  9. wulfenite
  10. Gypsum
  11. Glauber
  12. Devillin
  13. kainite
  14. Krёnkit
  15. crocoite
  16. linarite
  17. Roemer
  18. Spangolit
  19. Thenardier
  20. Celestine * *
  21. Tsianotrihit
  22. Scheele
  23. Epsom
Zeolites
(silicates):
  1. Garmotom
  2. heulandite
  3. Gmelin
  4. gismondine
  5. caporcianite
  6. mordenite
  7. Mesolithic
  8. natrolite
  9. Skoletsit
  10. stilb
  11. Thomson
  12. Ferrier
  13. Phillips
  14. Shabazz
Phosphates:
  1. Adamini *
  2. Annaberg ** erythrite
  3. Apatite
  4. Austin
  5. Bayldonit *
  6. Turquoise
  7. Brasiliano
  8. vanadinite
  9. variscite
    Streng
  10. wavellite
  11. Viviani Kerchinit
  12. Dekluazit Mottramit **
  13. cacoxenite
  14. Carnot **
  15. Klinoklaz
  16. Lavendularit
  17. Lazuli Skortsalit
  18. Lirokonit *
  19. Mimetit
  20. monazite *
  21. Olivenit *
  22. Autun **
  23. pyromorphite *
  24. Psevdomalahit
  25. Farmacol *
  26. Halkofillit
Silicates:
  1. Andalusite
  2. braunite
  3. Wohler
  4. Willem
  5. gadolinium **
  6. gehlenite
  7. hemimorphite
  8. humites
  9. datolite
  10. dumortierite
  11. ilvaite
  12. Yortdalit
  13. kyanite
  14. Lawson
  15. monticellite
  16. peridot
  17. Sillimanite
  18. staurolite
  19. Titanite
  20. Topaz
  21. Torit **
  22. forsterite
  23. chloritoid
  24. Zircon **
  25. euclase
epidote
(silicates):
  1. Allan
  2. axinite
  3. benitoite
  4. Beryl **
  5. vesuvian
  6. Dioptase
  7. Klinotsiozit
  8. Cordierite
  9. Milar
  10. Osumilit
  11. Piedmont
  12. Taramellit
  13. Tourmaline
  14. zoisite
  15. eudialyte
  16. Epidote
Grenades
(silicates):
  1. Almandine
  2. Andradite
  3. grossular
  4. pyrope
  5. spessartite
  6. Uvarovite
Mica
(silicates):
  1. Biotite
  2. Clinton
  3. xanthophylls
  4. lepidolite
  5. Marguerite
  6. muscovite
  7. phlogopite
  8. Tsinivaldit
chlorites
(silicates):
  1. Vermiculite
  2. Kemmerer
  3. clinochlore
  4. Pennine
  5. meerschaum
  6. Serpentine
  7. chrysocolla
Feldspars (silicates):
  1. Albite
  2. Anor
  3. hyalophane
  4. microcline
  5. orthoclase
  6. Plagioclases
  7. sanidine
Faldshpatoidy (silicates):
  1. analcime
  2. hauynite
  3. Lapis lazuli
  4. leucite
  5. nepheline
  6. petals
  7. pollucite
  8. scapolite
  9. Sodalite
Amphiboles
(silicates):
  1. actinolite
  2. Antrofillit
  3. apophyllite
  4. babingtonite
  5. bavenite
  6. bustamite
  7. Wollastonite
  8. glaucophane
  9. cummingtonite
  10. Neptune
  11. pectolite
  12. pyrophyllite
  13. prehnite
  14. Riebeeck
  15. Hornblende
  16. Rhodonite
  17. Talc
  18. tremolite
  19. Evdidimit