Oxides and hydroxides: Ilmenite
Diagnostic card.
In the photo, ilmenite from Bancroft, Ontario (Canada). Below: ilmenite, mined in Froland, Arendal (Norway).
Fe Ti O 3
The trigonial trigonometric system
Hardness 5,5-6
Specific weight 4.5-5
Cleavage is absent
Fracture irregular or conchoidal
Color is brownish-black
Color in powder black
Glitter metal
Ilmenite, iron titanate. The gloss is metallic, semimetallic; Is opaque to translucent. The color and features are black to brownish-black. Fracture shell. It's fragile. Cleavage is absent. Occurs in magmatic rocks of basic and alkaline composition, in pegmatites of nepheline syenites. Accumulates in placers. Crystals are tabular, lamellar (hexagonal syngony). Fine dissemination of irregular grains in the rock, sometimes solid masses. Characteristic of close intergrowths with magnetite (titanium-magnetite). The most important ore of titanium. Venues of manifestation: Norway, Sweden, USA, Canada, India, CIS (Ural, Ukraine).
Ilmenite. Savel'ev log, Furmani, Ilmensky mountains, Yu. Ural, Russia. More than 10 cm. Photo: © А.А. Evseev.
Ilmenite. R-k "Spar", Long town, Cherry Mountains,, Yu. Ural, Russia. Photo: © А.А. Evseev.
The ilmenite group includes a number of minerals, in addition to ilmenite itself, there are geekilite (iron oxide and magnesium oxide) and pyrophanite (iron oxide and manganese oxide). Crystals of ilmenite of triclinic syngony occur infrequently. Their appearance resembles hematite in some details. In addition, ilmenite can have a characteristic tabular form or the form of an "iron rose", characteristic for samples from alpine veins. But first of all it forms massive, dense, lamellar or granular clusters. Ilmenite is colored black and brown, opaque and has a metallic sheen. Hard and heavy, it does not have a distinct cleavage, brittle, with a conchoidal or irregular fracture.
Chemical composition-content (in%): Fe-36.8; Ti is 31.6; O - 31.6; Impurities of magnesium, manganese are common. Singonia is a trigonal, rhombohedral type of symmetry. Cleavage is absent. It is usually represented by interspersed grains of irregular shape or solid granular masses, less often flattened tabular crystals with the faces (0001), (1011), (1120), (1010), (0221), etc., similar to hematite crystals; Twins are noted according to (1011).
Diagnostic signs.
Unlike hematite, this mineral is titanium, and its magnetic properties are weak. In addition, the color in the powder is black, not red.
Origin.
Ilmenite is present as an accessory mineral in different rocks, both in poor magmas (gabbro, basalts) and in metamorphic minerals. It also occurs in pegmatites. As a result of the destruction of these rocks, it accumulates in the sands. Due to its high specific gravity, the ilmenite is concentrated there and is able to form significant secondary deposits.
Deposits and applications.
In Italy ilmenite is quite common. In addition, large deposits, where ilmenite is an object of development, are found in Russia, Norway, India and Canada. Ilmenite is important as an ore for titanium - a metal that has many uses.
Ilmenite. The growth of large crystals. The sample size is 14 cm. Cherry Mountains, South Ural. Photo: © А.А. Evseev.
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