Chlorites (silicates): Vermiculite

Semi-precious stones, gems Diagnostic Card.

(Mg, Fe, Al) 3 (OH) 2 (Al Si) 4 O 10 * 4 H 2 O
Crystal system monoclinic
Hardness 1-2
The proportion of 2.1-2.7
Cleavage is perfect
Color colorless, green, brown
Color in light green powder
luster pearl

It crystallizes usually in the form of tiny flakes, but can also form distinct crystals pseudohexagonal-plate shape. It is soft, able to bend, is colorless, but it is yellow, green or brown; pearly luster. Brown, yellowish - brown, golden - yellow, bronze - yellow, green to blackish color.

Chemical composition. Magnesium oxide (MgO) 14 - 23% ferrous oxide (FeO) 1 - 3% iron oxide (Fe2O3) 5 - 17%, aluminum oxide (Al2O3) 10 - 13%, silicon dioxide (SiO2) 37 - 42% water (H2O) 8 - 18%. Gloss. Bold, glass (on the cleavage planes pearl). Fracture. Mineral cleaved into thin sheets, this property is frequently used.

Form crystals. Poor manifested, sometimes it's the small "packets mica" (but this is not mica in the mineralogical sense), but more often foliated aggregates; It is also characterized by pseudomorphs after biotite and phlogopite. The crystal structure. Layered. Class symmetry. Probably, prismatic - 2 / m. Cleavage. Good on the basis of (001). P. tr. Very strong swells.

Diagnostic features.
Plates vermiculite by the fast warm-up (up to about 300 o C) lose water, decaying leaves, and on the increase in volume, growing perpendicular to the cleavage plane and at the same time acquiring wormlike shape. Behavior in acids. Decomposes into HCl.

Origin.
Vermiculite - a secondary product of hydrothermal biotite transformation, often forms pseudomorphs on this mineral. Moreover, it occurs in areas of contact with acidic rocks intrusive basic. In the form of tiny flakes comes in mudstones, which is one of the main components.

Deposits and application.
Large deposits are in North Carolina and elsewhere in the United States. Large deposits are also in Western Australia, Transvaal Province (South Africa), Kenya, the provinces of Ontario and Quebec (Canada). Vermiculite - important minerals. After partially burning it gives a very light product is used as an insulating material in construction. It is also used in the manufacture of plastics, paints and paper.

Semi-precious stones, gemsSemi-precious stones, gemsSemi-precious stones, gems

Semi-precious stones, gems
Vermiculite. Buldym, Cherry Mountain, South Urals, Russia. More than 6 cm Photo:. AA Evseev.

Semi-precious stones, gems
Vermiculite vermiform. Photo: AA Evseev.

Toxic and hazardous radioactive rocks and minerals

** - Poisonous stones and minerals (obligatory check in chemical laboratory + clear indication of toxicity)
** - Radioactive rocks and minerals (obligatory check on a regular dosimeter + ban on the open sale of radioactivity in the event of more than 24 mR / hour + additional measures to protect the population)

  1. Adamini *
  2. Annaberg ** erythrite
  3. antimonite *
  4. Arsenolit **
  5. arsenopyrite **
  6. orpiment **
  7. Bayldonit *
  8. Beryl **
  9. betafite **
  10. Billietit **
  1. Bismutinit *
  2. antimonnickel *
  3. Viteri *
  4. gadolinium **
  5. Galit * *
  6. geocronite *
  7. glaucodot *
  8. Dekluazit Mottramit **
  9. Jordan *
  10. Carnot **
  1. vermilion **
  2. cobaltite *
  3. Kottunit *
  4. Lirokonit *
  5. marcasite *
  6. monazite *
  7. ammonia *
  8. Nichelino *
  9. Autun **
  10. pyromorphite *
  11. pyrochlore *
  1. proustite *
  2. rammelsbergite *
  3. realgar **
  4. Mercury *
  5. Senarmontit *
  6. Sulphur *
  7. skutterudite *
  8. Strontianite * *
  9. Antimony *
  10. tetrahedron *
  11. thorianite **
  1. Torit **
  2. uraninite **
  3. Farmacol *
  4. chalcocite *
  5. Hutchinson *
  6. Celestine * *
  7. Zircon **
  8. euxenite **
  9. enargite *
  10. aeschynite **
  11. conichalcite

Catalog minerals and gems in groups of the world

** - Poisonous stones and minerals
** - Radioactive rocks and minerals

The types of minerals (classification
chemical composition)

Native elements:
  1. Diamond
  2. Graphite
  3. Iron
  4. Gold
  5. Copper
  6. Platinum
  7. Mercury *
  8. Sulphur *
  9. Silver
  10. Antimony *
sulfides:
  1. antimonite *
  2. vitreous silver
  3. arsenopyrite **
  4. orpiment **
  5. Bismutinit *
  6. Bornite
  7. antimonnickel *
  8. Boulanger
  9. berthonite
  10. Wurtz
  11. Galena
  12. Gauerit
  13. geocronite *
  14. glaucodot *
  15. Greenock
  16. Jameson
  17. dyscrasia
  18. Jordan *
  19. vermilion **
  20. cobaltite *
  21. covellite
  22. cosalite
  23. marcasite *
  24. Meneghini
  25. miargyrite
  26. millerite
  27. Molybdenite
  28. Nichelino *
  29. pyrargyrite
  30. Pyrite
  31. pyrrhotite
  32. polybasite
  33. proustite *
  34. rammelsbergite *
  35. realgar **
  36. Sylvania
  37. skutterudite *
  38. stannite
  39. Stephanie
  40. blende
  41. tetrahedron *
  42. Ulman
  43. chalcocite *
  44. Chalcopyrite
  45. Hutchinson *
  46. enargite *
Pyroxene (silicates):
  1. Augite
  2. bronzite
  3. hedenbergite
  4. Diopside
  5. Jade
  6. spodumene
  7. Fassait
  8. Aegirine
  9. enstatite
halides:
  1. Atacama
  2. Bole
  3. villiaumite
  4. Galit * *
  5. Diaboleit
  6. Yodargirit
  7. carnallite
  8. Cerargyrite (hlorargirit)
  9. Connelly
  10. Cryolite
  11. Kottunit *
  12. Myers
  13. march
  14. Nador
  15. ammonia *
  16. Tomsenolit
  17. fluorite
spinel
(oxides):
  1. manganites
  2. Magnetite
  3. saturnine red
  4. Franklin
  5. Chrysoberyl
  6. Chromite
  7. Spinel
Oxides and hydroxides:
  1. Arsenolit **
  2. betafite **
  3. Billietit **
  4. Brooke's
  5. brucite
  6. Wolframite
  7. Hematite
  8. goethite
  9. diasporas
  10. ilmenite
  11. cassiterite
  12. Quartz
  13. columbite
  14. Corundum
  15. cristobalite
  16. Cuprite
  17. limonite
  18. acerdese
  19. octahedra
  20. Opal
  21. perovskite
  22. pyrolusite
  23. pyrochlore *
  24. Pirohroit
  25. Platner
  26. psilomelane
  27. Rutile
  28. Senarmontit *
  29. tellurite
  30. tenorite
  31. thorianite **
  32. tridymite
  33. uraninite **
  34. Ferguson
  35. Chalcedony
  36. Zincite
  37. euxenite **
  38. aeschynite **
Other:
  1. astrophyllite
  2. petrified wood
  3. Amber
carbonates:
  1. azurite
  2. Ankerite
  3. Aragonite
  4. Artin
  5. Aurihaltsit
  6. borax
  7. Viteri *
  8. gaylussite
  9. Hydrocincite
  10. Dolomite
  11. potassium nitrate
  12. Calcite
  13. Kern
  14. Coleman
  15. Ludwig
  16. magnesite
  17. Malachite
  18. sodium nitrate
  19. Pirssonit
  20. Roditsit
  21. rhodochrosite
  22. Rozazit
  23. Siderite
  24. Smithson
  25. Strontianite * *
  26. throne
  27. Ulex
  28. phosgene
  29. cerussite
Sulfates:
  1. Alotrihin
  2. Alunite
  3. Alyunogen
  4. Anhydrite
  5. Anglesite
  6. Barite
  7. Botriogen
  8. brochantite
  9. wulfenite
  10. Gypsum
  11. Glauber
  12. Devillin
  13. kainite
  14. Krёnkit
  15. crocoite
  16. linarite
  17. Roemer
  18. Spangolit
  19. Thenardier
  20. Celestine * *
  21. Tsianotrihit
  22. Scheele
  23. Epsom
Zeolites
(silicates):
  1. Garmotom
  2. heulandite
  3. Gmelin
  4. gismondine
  5. caporcianite
  6. mordenite
  7. Mesolithic
  8. natrolite
  9. Skoletsit
  10. stilb
  11. Thomson
  12. Ferrier
  13. Phillips
  14. Shabazz
Phosphates:
  1. Adamini *
  2. Annaberg ** erythrite
  3. Apatite
  4. Austin
  5. Bayldonit *
  6. Turquoise
  7. Brasiliano
  8. vanadinite
  9. variscite
    Streng
  10. wavellite
  11. Viviani Kerchinit
  12. Dekluazit Mottramit **
  13. cacoxenite
  14. Carnot **
  15. Klinoklaz
  16. Lavendularit
  17. Lazuli Skortsalit
  18. Lirokonit *
  19. Mimetit
  20. monazite *
  21. Olivenit *
  22. Autun **
  23. pyromorphite *
  24. Psevdomalahit
  25. Farmacol *
  26. Halkofillit
Silicates:
  1. Andalusite
  2. braunite
  3. Wohler
  4. Willem
  5. gadolinium **
  6. gehlenite
  7. hemimorphite
  8. humites
  9. datolite
  10. dumortierite
  11. ilvaite
  12. Yortdalit
  13. kyanite
  14. Lawson
  15. monticellite
  16. peridot
  17. Sillimanite
  18. staurolite
  19. Titanite
  20. Topaz
  21. Torit **
  22. forsterite
  23. chloritoid
  24. Zircon **
  25. euclase
epidote
(silicates):
  1. Allan
  2. axinite
  3. benitoite
  4. Beryl **
  5. vesuvian
  6. Dioptase
  7. Klinotsiozit
  8. Cordierite
  9. Milar
  10. Osumilit
  11. Piedmont
  12. Taramellit
  13. Tourmaline
  14. zoisite
  15. eudialyte
  16. Epidote
Grenades
(silicates):
  1. Almandine
  2. Andradite
  3. grossular
  4. pyrope
  5. spessartite
  6. Uvarovite
Mica
(silicates):
  1. Biotite
  2. Clinton
  3. xanthophylls
  4. lepidolite
  5. Marguerite
  6. muscovite
  7. phlogopite
  8. Tsinivaldit
chlorites
(silicates):
  1. Vermiculite
  2. Kemmerer
  3. clinochlore
  4. Pennine
  5. meerschaum
  6. Serpentine
  7. chrysocolla
Feldspars (silicates):
  1. Albite
  2. Anor
  3. hyalophane
  4. microcline
  5. orthoclase
  6. Plagioclases
  7. sanidine
Faldshpatoidy (silicates):
  1. analcime
  2. hauynite
  3. Lapis lazuli
  4. leucite
  5. nepheline
  6. petals
  7. pollucite
  8. scapolite
  9. Sodalite
Amphiboles
(silicates):
  1. actinolite
  2. Antrofillit
  3. apophyllite
  4. babingtonite
  5. bavenite
  6. bustamite
  7. Wollastonite
  8. glaucophane
  9. cummingtonite
  10. Neptune
  11. pectolite
  12. pyrophyllite
  13. prehnite
  14. Riebeeck
  15. Hornblende
  16. Rhodonite
  17. Talc
  18. tremolite
  19. Evdidimit