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The global trading system: rozvitok institutes, rules, labor of SOT - Tsigankova TM

РОЗДІЛ 2. Uniform rules of the international trade

2.1. The international rules of trade in goods (GATT 1994)

2.1.1. Світова торгівля товаров: стан та тенденцииції

Міжнародна торгівлі stretching bugatоh tenirіch to be embraced by the basic and one of the sectors of the dynamic sectors of the economy. For the assessments of Jeffrey Sachs, won on 80% of the accrued expenses of the international economical invoices.

Міжнародна торгівлі як обмін goods і послуги є не тільки зовнішньою знакою існування світового ринку, and the materіnіyu basis of the international економічних відносин, що забезпечує зростаючу інтеграцію світового господарства. Vona - the form of zv'yazku mizh merchandibles і spizhivachami різних країн, який виникає на основі розвитку міжнародного поділу праці. Показники розвитку торгівлі між країнами demonstrate їх взаємну економічну залежність. Thus, in 1998 the 23.7% of the gross global product in the Brio Bloc is located near the canals of international trade. At the rate of growth, the St. Petersburg export was visibly billed for showing the gross domestic product in the middle of the territories.

For the period from 1980 to 2001, the purview of the St. Petersburg Export Association was increased by 3 times and reached 6,155 billion USD. (Table 1). In the course of one day the sign was swallowed up, but as of 2001, when it became the rock of the permissive sweep of the svitovo trade, it was vostannie vidbuvsya in 1982 rotsi, and takozh rokom pshshogo z 1991 p. Зменшення світового об'єму виробництва: світовий ВНП збільшився is less than 1%, і then zavdyaki zrostanyu bіlsh gnuchkogo sector of the service. Portivnemichi otsyagi eksportu productov according to reginyah a 2000-2001 rr. Slіd zaznachiti, sho stinks zanizilis on all reginyakh, krim dvuh: Centralnoi Shkidnoї Європи та Країн Baltії і країн з перехідною економікою, включаяючи колшні республіки СРСР. In biloshi vidapkiv it is the result of prodovzhennya zmіtsnennya Torgovelnyh tinvestitsіynih zv'yazkiv Mizh in the European Union tatim krayїnami, and takozh vozrastivnisty ekonomichnih reformov.Tablitca 1

Svitoviy eksport russkiyov po reginyakh , 1991-01 (million USD)

(Deposited for giving International Trade Statistics 2001, WTO) [21]

Analyz dinamiki to eksportu commodity in the regions of svitu pokazuє, scho for ostannnego tenirichchya (1991-2001 rr.). Oblig of the city eksportu zbolshivasya at 75%, prichemu on the pace of zrestannia eksportu, regioni mozhna podoliti on the two groups: in some cases, the export is less than the average display On svіtu ta tі, at a certain tempo zrostania eksportu transplant tsei ostensibly.

Until the first group of people lie in wait for Africa, and to the other end of the world, the Baltic Sea, the Central Asia, Latin America, the Near Scythian, the Azia, the Piven America. Prichomu pershi two Regions zbilshili oksyagi eksportu for desyatirichchya 3 times, and Latin America - at 2.39 times (Table 2).

Цікавим є і аналіз tempів increment експорту товарів по регіонах світу (tab. 3). So, the rate of growth in goods exports to goods was in the interim +19 (1995), and that was 4% (2001), whereas in the Latin American countries the bully demonstrators were significantly inferior and grew in numbers +22 - (-) 3% ( 2001). Відносно високим pokazniki shorіchnogo gains in obyagіv експорту were characterized і такі регіони як Central and Scheidna Європа, країни Балтії та країни з перехідною економікою. Wikitelno nervіnovnіornymi buli those increases in export in the Blizkokhіdnom regionі: in 1998 р. Падіння обсягів експорту порівняно з 1997 р. 22% fell, and in 2000, Навпаки - експорт has increased by 42%. Yakshtogo rozglyadati tempi the growth osyagіv eksportu on the rocks, then you can pobachiti, scho for ostaninni tenirichchya mizh internationalnogo torgivlya goods survived Decil periodiv: 1992-1993 рр. - vidnosno prudylivy rock, if BilShist not zmenshili oksyagi eksportuvannya; 1994-1997. - vyklyuchenno doroglylivi for export of rock in the course of any of the regions svytu podschuyvali eksporti eksportu; 1998 p. - the fall of the yak of the St. Petersburg export, and the export of the regions (krim Zahidnoi, Tsentralnoy Shihdinogradov); 1999-2000. - hilariously pleasing for export; 2001 p. - набільше за останнє десятиріччя падіння обсягів світового експорту (4%), зменшення експорту Близького Сходу та Азії майже на 10%, Africa - 5%, Північної Америки - 6%, Latin America - 3%.

Table 2

Temporal growth in exports to the countries of the region, 1991-2001

Roofed for giving International Trade Statistics 2001, WTO) [21]

Table 3

Growth rates for exports to goods in accordance with the regulations, 1991-2001

(Leased for giving International Trade Statistics 2001, WTO) [21]

Table 4

Світовий імпорт товарів по регіонах, 1991-01 ($ mln)

(Deposited for giving International Trade Statistics 2001, WTO) [22]

Table 5

Tempi zrostaniņa імпорту товарів по регіонах світу, 1991-2001

(Leased for giving International Trade Statistics 2001, WTO) [22]

Table 6

Growth rate for goods under the regio of goods, 1991-2001

(Leased for giving International Trade Statistics 2001, WTO) [22]

Obligi, tempo zrostannya ta shorichny tempi gostimu iimportu kavkaziv na reginyon svitu for 1991-2001 rr. Characterize the data of tables 4, 5, 6. Analiz zikh danyh otkazuє, sho dinamіcі svitovogo ta regionalnogo імпорту товарів притаманні тренції, аналогічні експортуванню:

1. The maximum of the bullets reached in 2000, while the rivers ranged in 1991. By 85%;
2. Stable and viperperzhayuchimi tempi zarostannya obshyagіv iimportu characterize takii regioni yak Tsentrna ta Scіdna Європа, країни Балтії та країни з перехідною економікою, Latin America.

It is imposed in the form of a demonstration, in the form of basic registrations, as well as in the economy and in the economy. Західна Європа та Північна Америка. Дійсно, країни Central Asia and the Pacific, Latin America, Baltics, the world, the economy, the rest of the rock, the demo of the tempo, the growth of the cities, the export and the import, and vice versa of the state of the world. However, in the ex-export, 12.8% of the pythoma waga cich reginionis, and 12.9% in the imports. For the day, it is signifi- cantly, in the United States (12.2% - in the private export and 18.8% - in imports). On syogodnі two regioni svіtu - Pіvnіchna America ta Zahіdna Єvropa - забезпечимть понад 58% svіtogo експорту та майже 63% імпорту товарів, щоправда їх pitoma waga in svetovіy torghivlі for the rest of ten times was exported by 5.2%, and by import - by 3% ,9%. Taka skorochennya vidbulos on the background of the private sector in the holy export of such regions, Latin America (from 4,3 to 5,8), Baltia ta krainei z perehidnoy ekonomikoyu (z 3,1 to 4,8), Tsentralna ta Scіdna Europa (з 1 , 4 to 2.2%), Aziya (from 21.8 to 25% in the main for the rakhunok China). Analogical tendencies for development and for positions in the civic regions in the social integration.

With the tsomu can not be zazchachit, but for the rest of the decade, the two regions of the sviet have changed their part of the yak from the holy export, and iimporti. Tse Zahidna Europe (in the number of ЄС) and Africa (Table 7)

In the other half of the last century, the competitive struggle in the world and in the world of trading has become vividly apparent. It's almost time to finish the job of trying to save the energy in the sink market. So, in the 1950s. In the United States, 32% of the net exports accounted for, in 1960 - even 24%, in 1990 - 16%, and in 2001 - 11.9%. Відповідно збільшувалась чат Західної Європи та Японії. So, західноєвропейські країни збільшили their part at the St. Petersburg export for the same period from 23% to 41.5%.

Table 7

The regional structure of the export to the IMport, 1990-2001 (%)

(Deposited for giving International Trade Statistics 2001, WTO) [20]

Серед країн світу протягом останнього десятиріччя лідерами світової торгівлі є Spoluchchenі The States of America, Nimecina, Japan, France and Britain. Same ti kraїni, zmіnimechi іноді послідовність, traditsionno ocholyuyut lists naybіlshih експортерів та імпортерів. On a yearly basis, the net exports reach 37.4%, and in import - 41.7%.

Світова организаізація торгівлі щорічно складає lists of the provinces and countries of the world:

1. 50 kraїn ta okremih mitnih teritoriy, yakі - members of the organisation (Table 8);
2. 30 країн, окремих митних територій та Європейський Союз (у склаі 15 країн), за виключенням внутрішньоо торгівлі ЄС (tab.9).

For the first time, the largest exporters of goods in 2001 were the United States - 11.9% of the net export, Nimecchina - 9.3%, Japan - 6.6%, France - 5.2% and the United Kingdom - 4.4%. The average price for the main exporters is China (4.3%), Mexico (1.6%), Korea (1.5%), Singhapur (1.2%) and Malaysia (1.4%). The leaders of the export of medium-sized enterprises in the rest of the economy are: Russia - 1.7% of the net export, Polska - 0.6%, Czechia - 0.5%. Слід зазначити, що серед 50 найбільших експортерів світу 9 є країнами з перехідною економікою: Russia, Poland, Czechia, Ugorschina, Ukraine, Slovakia, Romania, Slovenia, Kazakhstan.

The number of products in the first period of the year in 2001 was as follows: US - 18.3% of the net importer, Nimecchina - 7.7%, Japan - 5.4%, Britain - 5.2% France - 5.1%. The average of the countries of the world is 3.8%, Mexico 2.7%, Korea 2.2%, Singapore - 1.8%, Malaysia 1.2%, Brazil 0.9%, Індію - 0.8%. The list of countries in the list is represented by Russia (0.8%), Poland (0.8%), Chekhia (0.6%), Ugorshchina (0.5%), Ukraine, Romania and Slovakia - 0.2 % Of the net import.

At the same time, the pythoma of the vagah cich 50 pro-current trade partners becomes 94.7% of the net export to that of 91.8% of imports.

For the ten-hour period, the price of the goods, the goods, the goods and the goods in the goods structure of the goods export, yakі viddzerkalyuyut dovgostrokovu і tired of the trend to zmenshennia pitomoi vagi sirovini, food and drink, zbіlshennya parts of the prepared promises of virobіv. (Fig.1)

Fig. 1. Dynamics of the commodity structure of the export for 1990-2001.

Yak bachimo in the remainder of the ten-year period, the trend has become known as the imbalance in the supply of goods to the main market of machines, that of transport transport, telecommunications and telecommunications, production of commercial vehicles, motor vehicles, odyagu. With the export of food, the pythoma of the product of girnicho-vidobuvnoy promyslovosti, syl'skogoospodarskoi produktsii, napivfakrikativ, textiles, chavunu became.

Z. 2001 p. Спостерігається decline in the international trade , such a nastav pislja record zrostannia svetovoy ekonomik on 11% in 2000 rotsi. The dumku of experts from the international economical organizations was attracted by the one-hour recession of economic activity in the markets of the main outlets of the territory, the redistricting of privatization in information and communal services, the plentiful changes in the head counts of the birgs, and the tragic floods of 11 cities in the USA.

Внаслідок цього всі галузі have recognized a negative vplyiv svitovogo ekonomichnogo recession. For giving the expertise of the COT, the export of merchandise proves to be 2.5% faster than the Mayzes, and not to increase 1.5% of the total amount of products produced in the country. At 2001 році Північна America зафіксувала найбільше зменшення об'ємів експорті та імпорту (5% та 3,5% відповідно), and in the territories of Zahidnoї Івропи the export is slow by 1%, and imports by 3%. Analogical situation and in the territories of Asia. The part of the territory has changed significantly, it is rooted in the St. Petersburg export (for experts 29%). At tsjomu it is not known kilkist kraїn, scho rozvivayutsya suttєvo vplivaye na zagalnі otkazniki rozvitku torgivli tsikh kraїn. So, 5 of 150 kraine, scho rozvivayutsya, zabezpechuyte 60% eksportu kraine tsієї grupi. Prichomu Tsei showbiz zbilshivsya zavdyaki dinamichnom rozvitku torgivli in Mexico and China in the rest of the rock. Nezvazhayuchi on nesprjatlivu svitovu kon'jukturu, naimensh rozvineni kraїni podsygli znachnogo zrostanja eksportu that importu for rahunok persh for all sirovinnyh and active product promyslov. Країни з перехідною економікою також зафіксували зростання обсягів експорту і імпорту. However, the amount of trade in the Dolar Vimiri has decreased by 4.5%, but it is the worst reindeer for the remaining ten rock.

For a long-term assessment of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, the St. Petersburg Economist is likely to be in the process of stabilizing the decline of the remaining rock lives in the middle of 2003. And the General Director of the SOT Supachai Panitchpakdi (Supachai Panitchpakdi) declaring that the results of the survey were not successful in 2001-2002. Зайний раз підкреслюють термінову необхідність досягнення прогресу на багатосторонніх negotiations Doskogo Rundu schodo podal'shoї лібералізації світової торгівлі.