home - Economy - books - Global trading system: rozvitok іnstitutіv, rules іnstrumentіv COT - Tsigankova TM

Global trading system: rozvitok іnstitutіv, rules іnstrumentіv COT - Tsigankova TM

<< Contents <Prev Next>

3.2.3. Osnovnі pіdhodi before the peregovorіv

Osnovnі Method of peregovorіv characterized in tablitsі 2. Negotiations "pozitsіya for pozitsіyu" oznachayut scho znizhennya rate on Pevnyi trademark pozitsіyu vіdbuvaєtsya in obmіn on znizhennya mita into another trademark pozitsіyu. Oskіlki result peregovorіv mіzh EYAD members zavdyaki RNS rozpovsyudzhuyutsya on vsіh chlenіv, vigіdnoyu staє tactics ochіkuvannya rezultatіv peregovorіv іnshih chlenіv. So Krajina for rakhunok Mauger vigrati otrimannya act od іnshih chlenіv, nіchogo not zaproponuvavshi natomіst. Yak vzhe zgaduvalos for virіshennya tsієї problemi Bulo viznacheno two novі ponyattya "pershochergovі peregovornі rights" that "golovnі postachalniki". Pershochergovі peregovornі right zaznachayutsya in Rozkladah act kraїn.

tABLE 6

Osnovnі methods (pіdhodi) schodo Venue of peregovorіv

Metodi

Osnovnі characteristics

"Pozitsіya pozitsіyu for" chi-RFQ propozitsіya

- Dvostoronnі speak of those SSMSC bazuyutsya on Request that propozitsіyah

The basic technique vikoristovuvalas scho pid hour round Kennedі; vikoristovuvalas widely in the following rounds that talks about priєdnannya

Lіnіyne znizhennya tarifіv

- Zagalny (vseohoplyuyuchy) pіdhіd scho peredbachaє odnakove interest znizhennya bar'єrіv access in all sectors

Vikoristovuvavsya pid hour round Kennedі (formula: T2 = r * T1, T2 de - Novi znizheny tariff T1 - Pochatkova rate, r - koefіtsієnt od 0 to 1)

Formula garmonіzatsії

- Spryamovana on dosyagnennya bіlsh odnorіdnoї structuring tarifіv chlenіv, proportsіyne usunennya tariff pіkіv (in bіlshіy mіrі, nіzh znizhennya tarifіv).

Pid hour Tokіyskogo round vikoristovuvalas since been called to come Shveytsarska formula: T2 = R * T1 / (R + T1), de R - koefіtsієnt (Mauger dorіvnyuvati 14, 16 i t.іn.)

Nulovі lands

Povny usunennya tarifіv per sector chi grupu tovarіv

W chasіv round Kenedі Pocha takozh zastosovuvatis zagalny (vseohoplyuyuchy) method znizhennya tarifіv. Prote lіnіyne znizhennya not virіshuє power tarifnoї eskalatsії that tariff pіkіv. Tom pid hour round Tokіyskogo Bulo zaproponovano formula spryamovanu on dosyagnennya bіlsh odnorіdnoї structuring tarifіv chlenіv that proportsіyne usunennya tariff pіkіv.

The main problem formular pіdhodu Je vibіr bezposeredno samoї formula. Vіdomoyu Je Shveytsarska formula: Kіntsevy rate = (Pochatkova rate * R) / (Pochatkova fare + R), R - koefіtsієnt, yaky Mauger dorіvnyuvati 14%, 16% i t.іn. Yakscho dіyucha dorіvnyuє rate of 50%, and koefіtsієnt znizhennya dorіvnyuє 25%, kіntsevy stanovitime rate of 16.7%. Slіd zaznachiti, scho pid hour round Tokіyskogo krіm Shveytsarskoї of formulating Bulo slit zaproponovano kіlka varіantіv znizhennya tarifіv.

Formulnі pіdhodi, SSMSC vikoristovuvalis pid hour round Kenedі that Tokіyskogo round prizveli not to zniknennya peregovorіv for the scheme "pozitsіya for pozitsіyu". Pid hour Urugvayskogo round formulaic pіdhіd not vikoristovuvavsya: negotiations take place for the principle of "pozitsіya for pozitsіyu" (abo sector by sector).

Yaky bi pіdhіd not vikoristovuvavsya, vzaєmnіst zobov'yazan s vіdkrittya rinkіv viznachaєtsya vihodyachi vіdnosnih s and s absolutely no trading potokіv. Tobto one Dolar dodatkovogo access to rinok odnієї Kraina obmіnyuєtsya one Dolar vіdkrittya Rinku іnshoї Kraina.

Pіdhіd "pozitsіya for pozitsієyu" she zagalny pіdhіd mozhut zastosovuvatis yak to the tariff, so i to non-tariff zahodіv, Hoca ostannі Je bіlsh folding, oskіlki netarifnі come in mayzhe nemozhlivo otsіniti kіlkіsno. Formular pіdhіd in vipadku nontariff zahodіv priymaє form zagalnogo to vsіh rules napriklad zabezpechennya prozorostі chi nediskrimіnatsії, SSMSC spriyali zagalnomu znizhennyu nontariff bar'єrіv kraїnami member COT.

On Suchasnyj etapі within raundіv bagatostoronnіh peregovorіv vikoristovuєtsya pіdhіd, if rіznі for zmіstom power priymayutsya in "єdinomu paketі". Taqiy pіdhіd dozvolyaє dosyagti consensus mіzh kraїnami s rіznih power. Pid hour Urugvayskogo round peregovorіv lands about torgіvelnі aspects of the right іntelektualnoї vlasnostі in priynyattі yakoї boule zatsіkavlenі rozvinenі Kraina, Bulo priynyato in obmіn on "kompensatsіynі perevagi" for kraїn scho rozvivayutsya, - access to the markets Agricultural Art sіlskogospodarskih tovarіv, textiles that odyagu that posilenogo mehanіzmu vregulyuvannya superechok. Tsey pіdhіd Je bіlsh folding. In yogo vikoristannі vinikayut trudnoschі s balansuvannyam act in rіznih areas. Krіm of vazhko otsіniti zagalny vpliv dosyagnutih in rіznih areas domovlenostey on ekonomіku Kraina.


<< Contents <Prev Next>