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Global trading system: rozvitok іnstitutіv, rules іnstrumentіv COT - Tsigankova TM
4.1.3. I scale structure mіzhnarodnogo іnvestuvannya
INCREASING privablivіst PZІ yak efektivnoї strategії Keeping mіzhnarodnogo bіznesu that pіdvischennya to Demba іnteresu uryadіv bіlshostі kraїn obumovili digit іntensifіkatsіyu mіzhnarodnogo іnvestuvannya. Ostannіmi rokami PZІ flows postіyno zbіlshuvalis i dosyagli in 2000 r. - 1.3 trln.dol. (Table 2).
Rozvinenі Kraina kontsentruyut bіlsh nіzh? od vsіh іnvestitsіynih potokіv (blizko 1 trln.dol.), and at Trіadі to warehouse yakoї incoming ЄS US that Yaponіya, akumulyuєtsya blizko 71% od svіtovih іnvestitsіynih nadhodzhen that 82% od vsogo vіdtoku kapіtalu to іnshih kraїn. Record rіvnya in rozmіrah potokіv PZІ Bulo dosyagnuto zavdyaki vdalіy єvroіntegratsії.
Ob'єmi PZІ to kraїn scho takozh rozvivayutsya zbіlshilisya 240 mlrd.dol, ale їh chastka in svіtovih flows PZІ skoroti i for ostannі two prophets dosyagla naymenshogo rіvnya -. 19%, the maximum vіdmіtkoyu porіvnyano s - 41%, scho bula in zafіksovana 1994 rotsі. 49 naymensh rozvinenih kraїn zalishayutsya on ostannomu mіstsі schodo uchastі in іnvestitsіynih processes pokaznikom s 0.3% od svіtovih obsyagіv іnvestuvannya.
Obsyagi, zarubіzhnih іnvestitsіy kraїn zbіlshilis up to 27 billion Tsentralnoї that Shіdnoї Єvropi. Dollars. (2% svіtovih іnvestitsіynih potokіv). Іnvestitsіyna privablivіst regіonu obumovlena rinkovimi transformatsіynimi zmіnami that actively polіtikoyu. Іnvestitsіynі streams s regіonu zrostayut shvidshe for nadhodzhennyam PZІ to Tsikh kraїn, Hoca ofіtsіynі danі nedootsіnyuyut realnі obsyagi "vtechі kapіtalu".
tABLE 2
Regіonalny rozpodіl potokіv PZІ, 1989-2000 [17, p.16]
(Bn. USD).
Regіon / Krayina |
inflows PZІ |
Vіdtoki PZІ |
||||||||||||
1989-1994 (Serednorіchny pokaznik) |
1995 |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
1989-1994 (Serednorіchny pokaznik) |
1995 |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
|
Rozvinutі Kraina Zahіdna Єvropa ЄS INSHI zahіdnі єvropeyskі Kraina Yaponіya USA Kraina, scho rozvivayutsya Africa Latinska America that Kabiri Azіya Zahіdna Azіya The central Azіya Pivdenna Azіya Tihookeanskі Kraina Єvropeyskі Kraina, scho rozvivayutsya The center is the Shіdna Єvropa In svіtі |
137.1 79.8 76.6 3.1 1.0 42.5 59.6 4.0 17.5 37.7 2.2 0.4 0.8 0.2 0.2 3.4 200.1 |
203.5 117.2 113.5 3.7 - 58.8 113.3 4.7 32.3 75.3 - 1.7 2.9 0.6 0.5 14.3 331.1 |
219.7 114.9 109.6 5.2 0.2 84.5 152.5 5.6 51.3 94.4 2.9 2.1 3.7 0.2 1.1 12.7 384.9 |
271.4 137.5 127.6 9.9 3.2 103.4 187.4 7.2 71.2 107.2 5.5 3.2 4.9 0.1 1.7 19.2 477.9 |
483.2 273.4 261.1 12.3 3.3 174.4 188.4 7.7 83.2 95.6 6.6 3.0 3.5 0.3 1.6 21.0 692.51 |
829.8 485.3 467.2 18.2 12.7 295.0 222.0 9.0 110.3 99.7 0.9 2.6 3.1 0.3 2.7 23.2 075.0 |
1005.2 633.2 617.3 15.8 8.2 281.1 240.2 8.2 86.2 143.5 3.4 2.7 3.0 0.3 2.0 25.4 270.8 |
203.2 114.2 105.2 9.0 29.6 49.0 24..9 0.9 3.7 20.3 0.3 - - - - - - |
305.8 173.6 159.0 14.6 22.5 92.1 49.0 0.5 7.3 41.1 -1.0 0.3 0.1 - - 0.5 355.3 |
332.9 204.3 183.2 21.1 23.4 84.4 57.6 0.0 5.5 51.9 2.3 -0.0 0.3 - 0.1 1.0 391.6 |
396.9 242.4 220.4 22.0 26.1 95.8 65.7 1.7 14.4 49.4 -0.3 0.2 0.1 - 0.2 3.4 466.0 |
672.0 475.2 454.3 21.0 24.2 131.0 37.7 0.9 8.0 28.6 -1.7 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 2.1 711.91 |
945.7 761.1 720.1 41.1 22.7 142.6 58.0 0.6 21.8 35.4 0.7 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 2.1 005.8 |
1046.3 820.3 772.9 47.4 32.9 139.3 99.5 0.7 13.4 85.2 1.3 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.1 4.0 1149.9 |
Zagalom, PZІ rozpodіlyayutsya duzhe nerіvnomіrno. 30 Main priymayuchih - kraїn-lіderіv pripadaє 95% inflow іnvestitsіy in svіtі 90% svіtovih rezervіv. Chastka vіdtoku directly zarubіzhnih іnvestitsіy that svіtovih rezervіv of 30 kraїn-donorіv becoming 99%.
Tse vochevid obumovleno rіvnem transnatsіonalіzatsії. The Global ekspansіya іnvestitsіynih potokіv vіdbuvaєtsya for nayavnіstyu bіlsh nіzh 60 tis. TNK s 800 tis. zarubіzhnimi fіlіyami. Beruchi to uwagi camp іnozemnih aktivіv, bіlsh nіzh 90 of 100 nefіnansovih naybіlshih TNK rozmіschenі in furrows Trіadi (Table. 3). Blizko half Tsikh s kompanіy zaynyatі in elektrichnіy that elektronnіy, avtomobіlnіy that naftopererobnіy Galuzo. Tsі TNK vіdіgrayut duzhe vazhlivu role in svіtovomu virobnitstvі: stink nalіchuvali blizko 12%, 16% i 15% vіdpovіdno usіh zarubіzhnih aktivіv, the sale is the zaynyatostі robіtnikіv.
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