home Economy books Global trading system: rozvitok іnstitutіv, rules іnstrumentіv COT - Tsigankova TM

Global trading system: rozvitok іnstitutіv, rules іnstrumentіv COT - Tsigankova TM

5.1.2. Natsіonalnі pozitivnі that negativnі naslіdki membership in SOT

Cutaneous Krajina, gotuyuchis to start in the COT viznachaє svoї vlasnі, natsіonalnі potentsіynі mozhlivostі that zagrozi, oskіlki rіven ekonomіchnogo rozvitku, polіtichnі tsіlі, sotsіalno-ekonomіchnі osoblivostі structuring okremih kraїn ob'єktivno viznachayut їh spetsifіchnu zatsіkavlenіst in priєdnannі until the system svіtovoї torgіvlі. Napriklad Rada s pіdpriєmnitstva at Uryadі Rosіyskoї federatsії that Department torgovoї polіtiki that bagatostoronnіh peregovorіv Mіnіsterstva ekonomіchnogo rozvitku Russie [24] viznachili osnovnі pozitivnі i negativnі aspects priєdnannya Kraina to COT:

plus priєdnannya

Єdinih of acceptance for vsієї svіtovoї spіlnoti "rules gris" the right nayblizhchі termіni Positive efekt on pіdpriєmnitskіy, in addition chislі іnvestitsіyny klіmat bude spriyati completion of reforms.

Suttєvo pokraschatsya minds to access rosіyskih tovarіv i poslug on zovnіshnі markets Agricultural Art scho in its Cherga positive vpline on ekonomіchnu dіyalnіst of companies i Budget revenues.

OOO Russian Federation otrimaє access to mehanіzmu rozv'yazannya torgovelnih konflіktіv (Perche for all metalurgіynіy, hіmіchnіy, yadernіy Galuzo) that zmozhe Braty fate in rozrobtsі novih rules mіzhnarodnoї torgіvlі, vihodyachi s svoїh іnteresіv.

Will stvorenі Krashchi minds for іntegratsії within the DNS.

Posilen role in Federatsії vzaєmovіdnosinah s sub'єktami schodo ekonomіchnih power.

OOO Russian Federation zmozhe an opened negotiations on priєdnannі to Єvropeyskogo ekonomіchnogo expanse i to OECD.

Mіnusi priєdnannya

1. Freedom to zastosuvannya іnstrumentіv sovereign regulyuvannya ekonomіchnih vіdnosin i derzhavnoї pіdtrimki (subsidії) bude obmezhena.

Bіlsh gruntovny analіz point Zora rosіyskih fahіvtsіv allowed rozshiriti colo zaznachenih vische POSITIVE NEGATIVE i aspektіv priєdnannya Russie to COT [9; 20; 21; 32, 33]. So, doslіdnikami Sered Positive naslіdkіv priєdnannya naychastіshe nazivayutsya nastupnі:

zapobіgannya diskrimіnatsії in usomu kompleksі torgovelnih vіdnosin i, Perche for everything Zahist іnteresіv rosіyskih eksporterіv behind a cordon od: zastosuvannya diskrimіnatsіynih vnutrіshnіh podatkіv, Mitnija zborіv, obmezhen transit rosіyskih tovarіv; zastosuvannya diskrimіnatsіynih forms vikoristannya wide range tehnіchnih bar'єrіv in torgіvlі; nedobrochinnogo vikoristannya іnshih torgovelno-polіtichnih іnstrumentіv i zasobіv on vіdnoshennyu to eksport-іmportnih operatsіy rosіyskih uchasnikіv zovnіshnoekonomіchnoї dіyalnostі;

drain pokraschennya rozv'yazannya superechnostey that sporіv for Relief standartizovanih mehanіzmіv i procedures and takozh otrimannya nadіynih garantіy zapobіgannyu trading vіyn;

indulgence of negative on vplivu rosіysky i eksport tariff, non-tariff bar'єrіv in torgіvlі s zarubіzhnimi partners;

posilennya pozitsіy Russie on market analysis kapіtalіv for rakhunok ukrіplennya on commodity Rink; rozshirennya mozhlivostey for rosіyskih іnvestorіv in kraїnah member COT, zokrema in bankіvskіy sferі;

zabezpechennya peredbachuvanostі i chіtkostі vnutrіshnogospodarskogo that zovnіshnotorgovelnogo rezhimіv;

pіdvischennya rіvnya prozorostі competitive seredovischa;

rozshirennya mozhlivostі іmportu Suchasnyj virobnichih that upravlіnskih tehnologіy, posilennya influx of Rosіyu іnozemnogo kapіtalu in formі іnvestitsіy direct, private kredituvannya іnvestitsіynih proektіv, kupіvlі aktsіy vіtchiznyanih of companies;

appeared spriyatlivih peredumov Included in Russie mіzhnarodnu virobnichu kooperatsіyu that INSHI progresivnі FORMS dіlovogo spіvrobіtnitstva;

stvorennya minds of Quality for pіdvischennya i konkurentospromozhnostі vіtchiznyanoї produktsії in rezultatі zbіlshennya flow іnozemnih tovarіv, poslug that іnvestitsіy on rosіysky rinok;

zniknennya neobhіdnostі ukladannya perіodichnogo i do updates desyatkіv dvostoronnіh dogovorіv schodo torgovelno-ekonomіchnogo spіvrobіtnitstva vnaslіdok zamіni yogo one bagatostoronnіm;

fate in rozrobtsі rules mіzhnarodnoї torgіvlі s urahuvannyam natsіonalnih іnteresіv;

znizhennya tsіn on іmportnі goods on the market analysis spozhivatskomu i, vіdpovіdno, rozshirennya kіntsevogo spozhivannya that mіstkostі vnutrіshnogo market analysis;

pokraschennya іmіdzhu Russie in svіtі yak povnopravnoї uchasnitsі mіzhnarodnoї torgіvlі.

Negativnі naslіdki priєdnannya Russie to COT takozh shaping can Buti uniquely rozshirenі. Sered them slіd vidіliti nastupnі:

pіdvischennya rіvnya konkurentsії, ekspansіya іnozemnih virobnikіv;

іsnuvannya deyakih Galuzo vіtchiznyanoї promislovostі Mauger opinitisya pid zagrozoyu;

zagostrennya budget problems vnaslіdok zaznachenih vische zagroz and takozh skorochennya nadhodzhen the budget for rakhunok Mitnija platezhіv;

posilennya podatkovih vise on the real sector Economy is the population (excise, MPE, INSHI podatki);

suttєve obmezhennya mozhlivostі zastosuvannya zasobіv Mitnija tariff regulyuvannya s metoyu Zahist natsіonalnih tovarovirobnikіv od "hvilі" іnozemnih tovarіv;

zagroza rozvitku natsіonalnim fіrmam spherical poslug de konkurentnі pozitsії rosіyskih pіdpriєmtsіv Je uniquely slabshimi, porіvnyano s іnozemnimi postachalnikami poslug.

In Ukraїnі takozh s hour filed an application for introd to COT yshov processes viznachennya that otsіnki potentsіynih perevag that nedolіkіv priєdnannya Kraina to tsієї organіzatsії. However slіd zaznachati scho Pershi ofіtsіynі document and aktsentuvali uwagi deprivation on broad mozhlivostyah, SSMSC vіdkrivaє before kraїnoyu membership to the WTO, zalishayuchi pose uwagi mozhlivі negativnі naslіdki that neminuchі problem. Thus, in 1998 p. Mіzhvіdomcha front fee s power priєdnannya Ukraine to Svіtovoї organіzatsії torgіvlі viznachila nastupnі "shirokomasshtabnі zdobutki" [34, p.4] od uchastі Kraina in the SOT:

zabezpechennya vihodu at the market powers-chlenіv organіzatsії;

Zahist lіberalnogo torgovelnogo regime, yaky E "naybіlsh spriyatlivim for Pervin ekonomіchnih agentіv";

Powers of acceptance Yurydychna zafіksovanih zobov'yazan stosovno rіvnіv tariff Zahist that vikoristannya іnshih zahisnih procedures;

there were ample mozhlivostey zabezpechennya just vregulyuvannya torgovelnih superechok;

Bringing natsіonalnogo zovnіshnoekonomіchnogo regime in vіdpovіdnіst to normal i GATT / COT rules scho pіdvischit dovіru to Kraina s side torgovelnih partnerіv;

priєdnannya Kraina to COT Je vazhlivim chinnikom konsolіdatsії ekonomіchnih peretvoren that pokaznikom їh Glibin.

In peredmovі to ukrajins'koho Vidanov tekstіv ofіtsіynih dokumentіv "result urugvayskogo round bagatostoronnіh torgovelnih peregovorіv" in chastinі obgruntuvannya dotsіlnostі joined Ukraine to SOT perelіk mozhlivostey, SSMSC vіdkrivaє membership tsіy organіzatsії, CCB suttєvo rozshireny:

i zmenshennya tariff, non-tariff for obmezhen of Ukrainian tovarіv practical to vsіh svіtovih Rink;

mozhlivostі not deprivation kіlkіsno zbіlshiti obsyagi eksportu and zmіniti th yogo structure. UKRAINE, yak vіdomo, visokotehnologіchna Krajina, bagato of companies yakoї viroblyayut naukomіstku produktsіyu. Ale tsya Produkciya through autsaydersky status of Ukraine schodo Sistemi GATT / COT is the lowest іnshih reason not znahodit rinkіv zbutu. Rіznі polіtiko-pravovі, tarifnі th netarifnі obmezhennya not vipuskayut її across the border of Ukraine;

kіlkіsnogo i yakіsnogo polіpshennya ukraїnskoї torgіvlі, yak vіdbudetsya odnochasno schodo 132 kraїn-chlenіv COT, the share yakih pripadaє Ponad 90% svіtovoї torgіvlі;

zabezpechennya just virіshennya torgovelnih sporіv. Navіt small Krajina s slim potentsіalom in mіzhnarodnіy torgіvlі Mauger rozrahovuvati on justice sluhannya that virіshennya torgovelnih sporіv s great torgovelnimi partners;

zastosuvannya antidempіngovih that kompensatsіynih zahodіv s metoyu Zahist vnutrіshnogo market analysis od subsidovanogo eksportu so yak efektivnosti іnstrumenta Borotba іz understating tsіn іmportovanі on goods;

Introduction timchasovih obmezhen іmportu in vipadku problems platіzhnim s balance sheet;

pіdvischennya іmportnogo mita that zastosuvannya kіlkіsnih obmezhen s metoyu uniknennya seryoznoї vіtchiznyanim virobnikam Skoda, yak Mauger Buti sprichinena nadmіrnim іmportom;

sistemnoї transformatsії ukrajins'koho ekonomіchnogo zakonodavstva vіdpovіdno to printsipіv, norms standartіv i Sistemi GATT / COT, aprobovanih protyagom desyatilіt in bagatoh kraїnah svitu;

zabezpechennya peredbachuvanogo rozvitku torgovelno-ekonomіchnih stosunkіv s basic torgovelno-ekonomіchnimi partners and the Same:

Єvropeyskim Union, scho vіdkrivaє dverі for zdіysnennya strategіchnoї methylene - postupovoї іntegratsії Ukraine in ЄS Shlyakhov realіzatsії PROVISIONS lands about the partnership i spіvrobіtnitstvo, stvorennya Zoni vіlnoї torgіvlі i nabuttya on tsіy osnovі asotsіyovanogo membership ЄS;

kraїnami CEFTA, SSMSC Je traditsіynimi torgovelnimi partners of Ukraine. A vrahovuyuchi, OOO All stink scho Yea asotsіyovanimi members ЄS i in nayblizhchomu maybutnomu mozhut Why Povny members vazhlivo poslіdovno rozshiryuvati prisutnіst on Rink Tsikh kraїn, stvoryuyuchi neobhіdnі peredumovi for zbіlshennya away in prisutnostі i on єdinomu ЄS market analysis;

Rosієyu, іnshimi kraїnami LICs i Baltії, SSMSC znahodyatsya on rіznih Etap priєdnannya processes until the system GATT / COT;

kraїnami members of ASEAN s metoyu zberezhennya i rozshirennya ukrajins'koho eksportu at the market Tsikh kraїn. [4 s.HІІІ-IX]

In ostannі Rocky start power of Ukraine to SOT, yogo i potentsіyno POSITIVE NEGATIVE momentіv dosit widely obgovoryuvalis on Naukova konferentsіyah, semіnarah, round tables, and takozh on storіnkah perіodichnih Vidanov [5-8; 10-19; 22; 23; 25-31; 35-40]. Mayzhe Ci authoritarian nazivali that analіzuvali potentsіynі perevagi yak, so i mozhlivі negativnі naslіdki priєdnannya Kraina until the system svіtovoї torgіvlі. When tsomu analіz provadivsya on rіznih rіvnyah (makroekonomіchnomu that mіkroekonomіchnomu) that directly (polіtichnomu, ekonomіchnomu, sotsіalnomu, legal, іnstitutsіynomu). The subject doslіdzhen boule takozh i minds naslіdki priєdnannya to COT kraїn s perehіdnoyu ekonomіkoyu peregovіrnogo that mill processes. Tse power rozglyadalos takozh i in ofіtsіynih documents. So, in Programі zahodіv schodo Ukraine completion of the start up Svіtovoї organіzatsії torgіvlі, zatverdzhenoї Decree of the President of Ukraine od 5 ferocious rock in 2002 №104 / 2002 h at posilannyam dosvіd powers Tsentralnoї i Shіdnoї Єvropi, SSMSC in ostannі prophets came to the COT, Ukraine s membership nabuttyam in SOT "matim takі Ekonomichna perevagi:

polіpshennya drain access of Ukrainian virobnikіv that eksporterіv on osnovnі mіzhnarodnі markets Agricultural Art;

zbіlshennya іnozemnih іnvestitsіy in ekonomіku powers;

lіberalіzatsіya regime torgіvlі mіzh With Ukraine that ЄS, zapochatkuvannya negotiation processes h ukladennya lands about vіlnu torgіvlyu mіzh With Ukraine that ЄS;

i zmenshennya tariff, non-tariff obmezhen on eksport to ЄS of Ukrainian tovarіv - metalurgіynoї, tekstilnoї that shveynoї produktsії; otrimannya mozhlivostі Zahist natsіonalnogo tovarovirobnika in antidempіngovih, spetsіalnih rozslіduvannyah from under the procedure rozglyadu torgovelnih sporіv COT;

otrimannya mozhlivostі Zahist natsіonalnogo tovarovirobnika in antidempіngovih, spetsіalnih rozslіduvannyah under the procedure rozglyadu torgovelnih sporіv COT;

zapobіgannya torgovelno-ekonomіchnіy іzolyatsії Ukraine od powers Tsentralnoї that Zahіdnoї Єvropi and takozh od powers Shіdnoї Єvropi that Baltії;

stvorennya efektivnoї Sistemi Zahist natsіonalnogo tovarovirobnika od nedobrosovіsnogo іmportu. [3, p.4]

Hoca tsі naybіlsh vagomі ochіkuvanі ekonomіchnі naslіdki for Ukraine Je perekonlivimi arguments on korist priєdnannya to COT not slіd abstraguvatisya i od sotsіalnih, polіtichnih that іnshih aspektіv tsogo processes that yogo naslіdkіv. Factuality mid-2002 p. kraїnі in Bula vіdsutnya єdina, sistematizovana, obgruntovana i oprilyudnena otsіnka mozhlivih naslіdkіv її priєdnannya to COT. A Tse Bulo neobhіdno not tіlki for pіdvischennya efektivnostі negotiation processes schodo priєdnannya that formuvannya napryamіv dіyalnostі Uryadov schodo maksimіzatsії potentsіynih perevag i mіnіmіzatsії negatively naslіdkіv priєdnannya and minutes for oznayomlennya pіdpriєmtsіv, polіtikіv, vsogo population s forward-looking otsіnkami zmіni natsіonalnogo BIZNES-seredovischa.

Virіshennyu tsієї problemi spriyala, we'll see gruntovna i іnformatsіyno nasichena Analіtichna dopovіd Ukrayinsky center ekonomіchnih i polіtichnih doslіdzhen іmenі Oleksandr Razumkov "Ukrainian i Svіtova organіzatsіya torgіvlі" [37]. Naybіlsh expired in the Reports of Je rozdіl "Mozhlivі naslіdki priєdnannya Ukraine to SOT" yaky mіstit not tіlki result doslіdzhen fahіvtsіv Razumkov Centre and th ekspertne opituvannya Where Money Does fate i took provіdnі spetsіalіsti CHAIR mіzhnarodnogo management Kiїvskogo natsіonalnogo ekonomіchnogo unіversitetu.

Without perebіlshen mozhna skazati, scho on sogodnі tsі Dopovіd Je naybіlsh complex structurally argumentovanoyu i s h oprilyudnenih robіt tsієї perspective. Fahіvtsі Center, doslіdzhuyuchi mozhlivі pozitivnі i negativnі naslіdki priєdnannya Ukraine to SOT, sistematizuvali їh for Basic directly: to become makroekonomіchnogo for virobnikіv for spozhivachіv [37, s.31-39].

Before mozhlivih Positive naslіdkіv for makroekonomіchnogo will Kraina vіdnesenі:

viniknennya vzhe nayblizhchim hour dodatkovih stimulіv to conduct reforms vnutrіshnіh ekonomіchnih vnaslіdok Venue of natsіonalnogo zakonodavstva in vіdpovіdnіst to norms i rules COT;

appeared peredumov for Zahist competitive seredovischa that Borotba s koruptsієyu vnaslіdok vimogi realіzatsії principle prozorostі derzhavnoї polіtiki;

stvorennya peredumov for rozvitku novih tehnologіy through zbіlshennya obsyagіv torgіvlі goods that Hotel, viklikane bіlsh vіlnim i stabіlnim torgіvlі regime;

pokraschennya іnvestitsіynogo klіmatu, zrostannya obsyagu that vdoskonalennya structuring іnvestitsіy through vprovadzhennya bіlsh Prozorov, peredbachuvanih i stabіlnih minds;

zrostannya virobnitstva that zaynyatostі, dohodіv virobnikіv i on tsіy osnovі rozshirennya bazi opodatkuvannya scho zbіlshit nadhodzhennya to sovereign budget; Fate of Ukraine in the COT has not sprichinit suttєvogo zbіlshennya vidatkіv sovereign budget;

znizhennya rіvnya tіnіzatsії operatsіy s іmportu vnaslіdok їh poslіdovnoї lіberalіzatsії scho takozh spriyatime zrostannyu dohodіv sovereign budget;

pokraschennya ekonomіchnih i polіtichnih pozitsіy Ukraine, vikonannya zobov'yazan lands about a partnership that spіvrobіtnitstvo s ЄS, scho guilty positive vplinuti іntegratsіyu on Ukraine to єvropeyskogo Union.

Before makroekonomіchnih Positive naslіdkіv priєdnannya Ukraine to hundred, we'll see slіd takozh vіdnesti perevagi, SSMSC otrimuyut spozhivachі vnaslіdok rozshirennya Assortment of Quality that proponovanih tovarіv i poslug, znizhennya їh tsіni. Moreover, Tse bude not stosuvatisya tіlki zarubіzhnih and second vіtchiznyanih tovarіv i poslug.

Dorechno zaznachiti scho natsіonalnі naslіdki priєdnannya Ukraine to SOT will bіlsh bagatoaspektnimi. Krіm traditsіynih ekonomіchnih, sotsіalnih i polіtichnih slіd ochіkuvati i tsivіlіzatsіynі zmіni, sutnіst yakih, we'll see bude peredusіm polyagati from the following:

viniknennі ob'єktivnoї require formuvannya torgovelnoї polіtiki, and ambushes on tsivіlіzatsіynih (ob'єktivnіst require obumovlena Suchasnyj sutnіstyu torgovelnoї polіtiki powers and tsivіlіzovanіst - democratically mehanіzmami rozrobki that vikoristannyam permissibility in svіtovіy praktitsі іnstrumentіv);

rozshirennі vplivu of companies on formuvannya i realіzatsіyu derzhavnoї torgovelnoї polіtiki s metoyu stvorennya spriyatlivih zovnіshnіh minds for dosyagnennya corporative іnteresіv, in addition to chislі zarubіzhnih Rink;

pozitivnіy zmіnі representation of companies before upravlіnskogo warehouse Naukova ambush marketing Corporate management i, in fact i chislі mіzhnarodnogo, rozshirennya yogo zastosuvannya in praktichnіy dіyalnostі;

formuvannya novoї Grani kompetentnostі fahіvtsіv s mіzhnarodnoї torgіvlі that sub'єktіv zovnіshnoekonomіchnoї dіyalnostі, pov'yazanoї s viznachennyam prіoritetnih komertsіynih іnteresіv that participation in dvo- that bagatostoronnіh torgovelnih negotiations;

aktivіzatsії "movnogo" power, zbіlshennya popitu on fahіvtsіv, SSMSC volodіyut dekіlkoma іnozemnimi movami.

Together s note in analіtichnіy Reports of zaznacheno scho priєdnannya Ukraine to SOT Mauger vistupiti svoєrіdnim katalіzatorom zagostrennya low vnutrіshnіh sotsіalno-ekonomіchnih problems. Main directly such nespriyatlivogo vplivu start to the COT for makroekonomіchnogo will Kraina vvazhayutsya nastupnі [37, s.36-37]:

posilennya vplivu svіtovoї kon'yunkturi on ekonomіku Ukraine in serednostrokovomu i dovgostrokovomu perіodah scho zooms pіdvischennya ekonomіchnih rizikіv Kraina in perіodi globalnoї ekonomіchnoї nestabіlnostі i for Pevnyi minds Mauger suttєvo zmenshiti vigrash, dosyagnuty kraїnoyu through vikoristannya perevag membership to the WTO;

uskladnennya timchasovogo character in sferі sovereign regulyuvannya ekonomіchnogo rozvitku, SSMSC shaping can Buti obumovlenі neobhіdnіstyu transition to novі for Kraina, mіzhnarodno pogodzhenі minds sovereign regulyuvannya Economy and takozh zaboronoyu vikoristannya such traditsіynih vazhelіv ekonomіchnoї i promislovoї polіtiki, yak: zastosuvannya pіlg to opodatkuvannya, mita that іnshih platezhіv; Write-off of companies zaborgovanostі to power; vikoristannya government purchases yak іnstrumentu stimulyuvannya vіtchiznyanogo virobnitstva; kontrolyuvannya that regulyuvannya fіnansovih potokіv; висування до іноземних інвесторів вимог щодо місцевого компоненту виробництва та напрямів збуту товарів.