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Krimіnalіstika - Bіlenchuk PD

Krimіnalіstichnі mortgage

Krimіnalіstichnі mortgage. Perche krimіnalіstichnim mortgage in Russie-bula vessels fotografіchna laboratorіya, vіdkrita in 1889 p. when Peterburzkomu sudі district. Target її on vlasnі Costa vcheny krimіnalіst-Je Burinsky. In 1912 r. laboratorіyu rozformuvali and zamіst neї organіzuvali kabіnet NAUKOVO Vessel Sanitary and Epidemiological Well, scho pіdporyadkovuvavsya prosecutor Peterburzkoї sudovoї Chamber. Protyagom dvoh the following rokіv analogіchnі kabіneti z'yavilis in Moskvі, Kiєvі that Odesі. Ekspertna dіyalnіst Tsikh kabіnetіv Bula nabagato Shirshov. Zgіdno іz laws od 28 Lipnya 1912 p. i 4 p Lipnya 1913. kabіneti NAUKOVO Vessel Sanitary and Epidemiological priznachalisya for doslіdzhen in krimіnalnih i tsivіlnih the right for Relief fotografії, daktiloskopії, hіmіchnogo th mіkroskopіchnogo analіzіv that іnshih priyomіv for vinyatkom doslіdzhen, SSMSC zdіysnyuvali lіkarskі vіddіlennya gubernskih pravlіn and takozh for spriyannya in osoblivo vazhlivih vipadkah slіdchіy vladі in viyavlennі vinnih i z'yasuvannі zlochinіv abo vstanovlennі nevinnostі pіdozryuvanogo.

Dіyalnіst kabіnetіv reglamentuvala spetsіalna іnstruktsіya. Before funktsіy kerіvnika that yogo pomіchnika included doslіdzhennya, skladannya visnovkіv about Sanitary and Epidemiological, virіshennya tehnіchnih power the courts zasіdannyah, viїzd on Location vchinennya chi viyavlennya zlochinіv for fotografuvannya that uchastі in oglyadі mіstsevostі, trupіv, zlomіv i slіdіv.

Structurally kabіneti skladalisya s troh vіddіlіv: fotografіchnogo, krimіnalno-tehnіchnogo that hіmіchnogo. In fotografіchnomu vіddіlі zastosovuvalasya symmetric, reproduktsіyna, proektsіyna fotografіya, mіkrofotografіya that fotografіya in ultrafіoletovih Promen.

Kiev The kabіnet NAUKOVO Vessel Sanitary and Epidemiological, zasnovany lyutomu in 1914 p., Ocholiv krimіnalіst Potapov (1873-1957), yaky becoming one pіznіshe іz zasnovnikіv radyanskoї krimіnalіstiki. Vіn Zăluceni to robots in the new zakladі vіdomih predstavnikіv prirodnichih Sciences privat-dotsentіv Kiїvskogo unіversitetu Favorskogo V., Petrova is the O. Sementsova, MD M. Tufanov. In Odesі kerіvnikom vіdkritogo kvіtnі 1914 at p. kabіnetu NAUKOVO Vessel Sanitary and Epidemiological becoming scientists krimіnalіst Makarenko.

Svіdchen about dorevolyutsіynu dіyalnіst Kiїvskogo that Odeskogo kabіnetіv NAUKOVO Vessel Sanitary and Epidemiological zbereglosya little bіlshіst materіalіv vtracheno pid hour gromadyanskoї vіyni. W opublіkovanih zvіtіv vіdomo, scho in serednomu for the Year in kabіnetah zdіysnyuvalosya mayzhe 300 rіznomanіtnih Sanitary and Epidemiological. Napriklad in Odeskomu kabіnetі three prophets Robots Bulo zdіysneno 738 Sanitary and Epidemiological: from 1914 r. - 215, in 1915 279, in 1916 p. - 244. Doslіdzhennya rozpodіlyalisya so: porіvnyannya pocherkіv - 346 INSHI doslіdzhennya dokumentіv - 122 daktiloskopіya - 38 doslіdzhennya hair, sperm that krovі - 43 hіmіchnі - 122 INSHI Vidi doslіdzhennya - 67.

At the focus a pity Pershi kabіneti NAUKOVO-sudovoї Sanitary and Epidemiological proіsnuvali nedovgo. Pid hour revolyutsії 1917 p. that gromadyanskoї vіyni bіlshіst іz them practical pripinili his dіyalnіst. Ale th of tsі kіlka rokіv stink Zroby digit vnesok in rozvitok vіtchiznyanoї krimіnalіstiki, uprovadzhuyuchi in slіdchu practice NAUKOVO-tehnіchnі priyomi that method.

Krimіnalno-reєstratsіynі pіdrozdіli polіtsії. Especially system krimіnalіstichnih zakladіv have become krimіnalno-reєstratsіynі pіdrozdіli polіtsії. Pershe in Russie Reєstratsіyne Bureau, yak nazivalos antropometrichnoyu stantsієyu, Bulo stvorene at Peterburzkіy rozshuknіy polіtsії in 1890 p. for pozbavlennya retsidivіstіv mozhlivostі prihovuvati his poperednyu sudimіst and takozh for reєstruvannya pіdozrіlih osіb, SSMSC Bajan prihovati svoє passed i spravzhnє іm'ya. Two prophets in periferіynih mіstah Bulo target 12 more analogіchnih stantsіy have to chislі th єdina in Ukraїnі - Odeska. Bіlshіst іz them pіdporyadkovuvalisya komіtetam prison. The basic funktsіya Tsikh stantsіy polyagala in reєstratsії th ototozhnennі zlochintsіv for Relief antropometrichnih vimіryuvan for system rozroblenoyu A. Bertillon.

Antropometrichny method reєstratsії peredbachav 12 vimіryuvan Pevnyi Chastain tіla Helsinki Human. Protyagom pp 1890-1897. in Rosіyskіy іmperії for system A. Bertillon zareєstrovano 27 Bulo yew. osіb (23 tis. cholovіkіv i 4 yew. zhіnok), Sereda yakih viyavleno 1700 retsidivіstіv i 180 retsidivіstok.

Mozhlivostі fotografії in polіtseyskіy reєstratsії Pocha vikoristovuvati slit in the 60s of XIX century Rokach. In 1862 r. at St. peterburzkіy polіtsії Bulo organіzovano fotografіchne office "for znyattya portretіv s obvinuvachenih s metoyu vstanovlennya їh individuals." In Ukraїnі Pershe polіtseyske fotografіchne atelє z'yavilosya in 1864 p. y m. Bobrintsі (ninі Kіrovogradskoї region.). Vono Bulo organіzovane on Costa, zіbranі for pіdpiskoyu population s metoyu dodavannya fotokartki to vsіh vazhlivih vipadkіv vessels-polіtseyskih ref. Ale zastosuvannya fotografії Bulo epіzodichnim i do not stvoryuvalo system. Naukova base for viniknennya sudovoї fotografії z'yavilasya naprikіntsі XIX century. Yak zaznachalos great vnesok in її rozvitok Zroby rosіysky teachings of Je Burinsky.

About those scho NAUKOVO-theoreticity i practicality rіven sudovoї fotografії in Russie CCB temple, svіdchit nayvischa pile up, yak won rosіysky vіddіl vessels-polіtseyskoї fotografії on mіzhnarodnіy fotografіchnіy vistavtsі in Drezdenі (1909). In rosіyskomu vіddіlі eksponuvalis іnstruktsії, tablitsі that praktichnі posіbniki іz sudovoї fotografії, reєstratsіynі znіmki zlochintsіv that vіdbitki їh paltsіv, fotoіlyustratsії about rozkrittya naynebezpechnіshih zlochinіv - ubivstv, rozbіynih napadіv, kradіzhok Zi evil, falshivomo-netnitstva, shahraystva toscho.

In Kiєvі antropometrichny kabіnet Bulo organіzovano naprikіntsі 1901 p. when rozshuknіy chastinі mіskoї polіtsії. At that hour єdinim tehnіchnim zasobom in polіtsії CCB fotografіchny aparata, pridbany in 90 Rokach XIX century. Dіlovodstvo rozshuknoї Chastain skladalosya s dvoh zhurnalіv: nastіlnogo reєstru de fіksuvalisya "temnі individuals," she rozshu-kovogo alfavіtu, de means rozshukuvanih osіb lists. The cause tsogo Bulo those scho in rozshuknіy chastinі not Bulo postіynogo Osobowa warehouse such yak. Rozshukovі obov'yazki vikonuvali kіlka vіdryadzhenih policeman, SSMSC pіdporyadkovuvalis zavіduvachevі rozshuknoї Chastain. Before rechі, Posada qiu obіymali chini mіskoї polіtsії for sumіsnitstvom.

In 1901 serpnі p. rozshuknu polіtsіyu of Kyiv ocholiv kolezky secretarial G. Rudy. Through mіsyats pіslya priznachennya vіn viїhav in zakordonne vіdryadzhennya, pid hour yakogo vіdvіdav spochatku London and Paris potіm. The result yogo dvomіsyachnogo oznayomlennya Zi pitched rozshuknoї the right Anglії she became Frantsії Povny reorganіzatsіya kiїvskoї rozshuknoї polіtsії.

One іz vazhlivih zahodіv s udoskonalennya krimіnalnoї reєstratsії Bulo stvorennya antropometrichnogo kabіnetu. Procedure reєstratsії CCB Taqiy: on the skin delivered to rozshuknoї Chastain skladali antropometrichnu kartka for system A. Bertillon at troh primіrnikah. One primіrnik rozmіschuvavsya in shafі number 1, podіlenіy on the boxes for the types of vchinennya zlochinіv (vbivtsі, zlodії, shahraї, gvaltіvni-ki toscho), others - in shafі number 2, de kontsentruvalisya kartka s prіzvischami zlochintsіv for alfavіtom, tretіy - at shafі number 3 in order reєstratsії. Fotokartki nevpіznanih trupіv mіstilisya shafі at number 4.

For Purshia Year robots kabіnetu, tobto protyagom 1902 p., Antropometrichne vimіryuvannya Bulo zastosovane to 2787 zatrimanih osіb (1563 cholovіkіv i zhіnok 1224), and in 1903 p. - Up to 3687 osіb (2265 cholovіkіv that zhіnok 1422).

Department polіtsії dokladav bagato zusil to rozshirennya MEREZHI antropometrichnih kabіnetіv, ale tsentralіzovanogo oblіku for lіnієyu rozshuknoї polіtsії іmperії in scale until 1908 p. not іsnuvalo. Tse became pіslya stvorennya access in all gubernskih i naybіlshih povіtovih mіstah 89 rozshuknih vіddіlen, SSMSC zgіdno іz law od 6 Lipnya 1908 p. podіlyalisya on Vier rozryadi. The stench Ukraїnі іsnuvali in Kiєvі, Odesі, Harkovі (I rozryad); Katerinoslavі, Єlisavetgradі, Mikolaєvі (II rozryad); Zhitomirі, Kam'yantsі-Podіlskomu, Poltavі, Kremenchutsі, Berdichevі, Hersonі, Sіmferopolі, Kerchі, Novorosіysku (III rozryad) i Chernіgovі (IV rozryad). Provіdnim pіdrozdіlom rozshuknogo vіddіlennya Bulo dovіdkovo-reєstratsіyne offices to major zavdan yakogo included in Registration zlochintsіv, sistematizatsіya vіdomostey about them, vstanovlennya individuals vidacha dovіdok about sudimіst i rozshuk vinnih osіb. Before kompetentsії Bureau nalezhalo takozh zdіysnennya krimіnalіstichnih Sanitary and Epidemiological (doslіdzhennya Retschow dokazіv, tehnіchnih doslіdzhen dokumentіv, Sanitary and Epidemiological pocherkіv toscho). States dovіdkovo-reєstratsіynih Bureau rozshuknih vіddіlen usіh rozryadіv nalіchuvali Dvi odinitsі: official yaky zavіduvav reєstratsієyu zlochintsіv i listuvannyam s rozshukіv that naglyadіv, that photographer vіn same pomіchnik reєstratora zlochintsіv. Characteristically, scho boule їhnі sluzhbovі Salaries mayzhe odnakovimi (for the I rozryadu - 1000 of rubles, II of - 900, III of - 800 of rubles). Novі pіdrozdіli zastosovuvali antropometrіyu, daktiloskopіyu, vessels fotografіyu that verbal portrait. On skin zatrimanogo skladali Povny reєstratsіynu kartka s troma fotokartkami i daktiloskopіchnimi vіdbitkami in dvoh primіrnikah (one - for central reєstratsіynogo Bureau); Osobowa kartka s fotografіchnim znіmkom profesіynih zlochintsіv; alfavіtnu kartka and takozh fotokartku for zlochintsіv album.

Prior warehouse reєstratsіynogo bureau consisted of studio s antropometrichnim i daktiloskopіchnim kabіnetom de zastosovuvalasya technique prikmet zlochintsіv inventory system for "verbal portrait"; kartkova reєstratura de zberіgalis reєstratsіynі kartka zlochintsіv s їhnіmi fotokartkami, antropometrichnimi that daktiloskopіchnimi danimi, kartkovy rozshukovy alfavіt album zlochintsіv i "osіb porochnoї povedіnki" kolektsіya pocherkіv, znaryad zlochinіv, zlodіyskih іnstrumentіv i shahrayskih pristroїv, dovіdki about sudimіst i vіdomostі about utrimuvanih in mіstsevih v'yaznitsyah, vіdomostі for precisely obvious, gazetnі virіzki.

Company profile th dіyalnіst reєstratsіynih Bureau reglamentuvali Okrema іnstruktsіya (dopovnennya to Department Circular polіtsії od 29 thoracic, 1906, № 1) that Іnstruktsіya reasons rozshuknoї polіtsії (1910) SSMSC boule obov'yazkovim kerіvnitstvom s reєstratsії zlochintsіv. In ostannіy, zokrema, zaznachalosya scho OAO All chini rozshuknih vіddіlen toil Buti oznayomlenі іz vessels-polіtseyskoyu fotografієyu, daktiloskopієyu that antropometrієyu, fіksuvannyam slіdіv gіpsom. For tsogo cutaneous person, yak vlashtovuvalasya the service to rozshuknoї polіtsії, zobov'yazuvalasya "... probuti Pevnyi hour practicality zanyattyah s reєstratsії zlochintsіv".

Dіyalnіst daktiloskopіchnih kabіnetіv reglamentuvalasya spetsіalnoyu іnstruktsієyu, rozroblenoyu Department polіtsії veresnі 1910 at p. In nіy roz'yasnyuvalosya detail about potozhirovі vіdbitki paltsіv, about those on the surface yakih stink naychastіshe zberіgayutsya, yak їh viyavlyati that fotografuvati. In Davao іnstruktsії Price not specified schodo daktiloskopіchnoї Sanitary and Epidemiological (porіvnyannya), yak povinnі boule zdіysnyuvati zavіduvachі daktiloskopіchnoї reєstratsії.

Zauvazhimo, scho in Russie daktiloskopіya not bula nalezhno otsіnena i vvazhalasya dopomіzhnim to antropometrії method. Taqiy kombіnovany method krimіnalnoї reєstratsії on vіdmіnu od єvropeyskih kraїn, іsnuvav from Russie to a fallen Tsarism, and okremih regіonah - i in Pershi Rocky radyanskoї Vladi.

In іstoriko-pravovіy i krimіnalіstichnіy lіteraturі zaznachaєtsya scho Vpershe in Rosіyskіy іmperії daktiloskopіyu Pocha zastosovuvati in v'yaznitsyah naprikіntsі 1906 p, while praktitsі rozshuknoї polіtsії -. Z 1907 r. Well Naspravdі Pershe daktiloskopіchne Desk Bulo stvorene in sіchnі 1904 p. when rozshuknіy chastinі kiїvskoї mіskoї polіtsії. For Purshia Year іsnuvannya tsogo Desk Bulo daktiloskopovano osіb 2987 1590 1397 i cholovіkіv zhіnok.

Istoria stvorennya Perche in Ukraїnі daktiloskopіchnogo Bureau zaslugovuє dokladnіshoї rozpovіdі, team bіlshe scho in navchalnіy lіteraturі Tsey fact zalishaєtsya nevisvіtlenim.

In 1903 veresnі p. Kiev The polіtsmeyster Colonel Tsihotsky, perebuvayuchi in Nіmechchinі, vіdvіdav Drezdensku vistavku polіtseyskoї tehnіki and takozh mіstsevu krimіnalnu polіtsіyu. Turning up of Kyiv, vіn vіdryadiv zavіduvacha rozshuknoї Rudy G. Chastain to Dresden for oznayomlennya s naynovіshimi dosyagnennyami krimіnalnoї polіtsії s metoyu zastosuvannya їh in Kiїvskomu rozshuknomu vіddіlennі. Sered eksponatіv vistavki uwagi G. Rudy privernuli valіza s numerical іnstrumentami, neobhіdnimi for viyavlennya zlochinіv, i Novi sposіb ototozhnennya individuals zlochintsya for Relief daktiloskopії. Mr. Rudy Іz Dresden virushiv to Berlіna and to potіm

Vіdnya de oznayomivsya s organіzatsієyu rozshuknoї the right Tsikh mіstah. Pіslya Povernennya іz zakordonnogo vіdryadzhennya G. Rudy on vlasnі Costa Zroby Taku very valіzu, dopovnivshi її bagatma priladit, neobhіdnimi for mіstsevih minds. Factuality Tse bula Persha in Russie slіdcha valіza, yak Pocha vikoristovuvati pid hour looking around for Georeferencing podії viyavlennya slіdіv, Retschow dokazіv toscho. Yak perekonany prihilnik new method іdentifіkatsії G. Rudy organіzuvav at rozshuknіy polіtsії daktiloskopіchny vіddіl, yaky Pocha dіyati of 1 sіchnya 1904 p. Krіm of vіn rozrobiv project organіzatsії daktiloskopіchnih Bureau polіtsії Rosіyskoї іmperії, yaky submitting kerіvnitstvu Zhovtnya 1903 13 p. Tsei document skladavsya s chotiroh rozdіlіv: antropometrichna system; Novi daktiloskopіchny method; organіzatsіya daktiloskopіchnih Bureau; rozshuki zlochintsіv for daktiloskopіchnimi vіdbitkami.

Varto zaznachiti takozh ot prіoritet Kiїvskoї rozshuknoї polіtsії - krimіnalіstichnu odorologіyu. Donedavna in lіteraturі zaznachalosya, scho in the dog-shukachі Russie Vpershe z'yavilisya on polіtseyskіy sluzhbі in 1906 p. The ear tsomu Bulo very hard at pribaltіyskih gubernіyah and Purshia rozplіdnik polіtseyskih dogs vіdkrivsya in Peterburzі in 1907 p.

Prote іstorіyu rosіyskogo th ukrajins'koho sluzhbovogo sobakіvnitstva required to keep h of Kyiv, if slit in grudnі 1904 p. Kiyivs'ka polіtsіya purchased in m. Shvelmі (Zittau) chotiroh breed dogs shukachіv vіvcharki. Before Nіmechchini Bulo vіdryadzheno dresiruvalnika rozshuknogo vіddіlennya, yaky, proyshovshi mіsyachnі Courcy, winning atestat uspіshne vivchennya about him "... a method dresiruvannya i vihovannya dogs." Naprikіntsі 1904 p. one іz dogs Bula Zăluceni to rozshuku zlochintsіv for "garjachego slіdah". On the cob 1905 p. when kiїvskіy mіskіy polіtsії Bulo target rozplіdnik sluzhbovih dogs shukachіv.

Procedure krimіnalnoї reєstratsії Bula Nadto folding. Tіlki in osnovnіy reєstratsіynіy karttsі means 120 punktіv, SSMSC neobhіdno Bulo zapovniti. Tom Department polіtsії, zdіysnyuyuchi in 1913 p. reform in sferі krimіnalnogo rozshuku, casual krimіnalnu reєstratsіyu. Klasifіkatsіyu zlochintsіv of verbal portraits zamіnili reєstratsієyu for daktiloskopієyu and antropometrіyu zalishili tіlki for vpіznannya retsidivіstіv, zareєstrovanih in rozshuknih vіddіlennyah until 1908 p.

Uves reєstratsіyny materіal, yaky mіstivsya in rozshuknih vіddіlennyah i central office (Ponad 200 tis. Fotokartok), 1 sіchnya 1915 p. Bulo perereєstrovano over by a new spetsіalno rozroblenoyu table vidіv zlochinnostі. Zgіdno s tsієyu table zlochintsі rozpodіlyalisya on the category: 1 - "guest performers"; 2 - kishenkovі zlodії; 3 - zlodіyki prostitutes; 4 - prostі zlodії; 5 - zlodії on peredpokoyah; 6 - zlodії on gorischah; 7 - zlodії on kramnitsyah; 8 - zlodії Zi evil apartments i kramnits; 9 - zlodії іz zastosuvannyam obdurennya; 10 - zlodії servant; 11 - zlodії zalіznichnі; 12 - zlodії velosipednі; 13 - kubloutrimuvachі zlodіїv; 14 - Username Lost Password stolen; 15 - horse thief; 16 - shahraї that scams; 17 - th grabіzhniki rozbіyniki; 18 - falshivomonetniki; 19 - pіdpalyuvachі; 20 - ubivtsі; 21 - Schuler car-tyarі; 22 - th hulіgani "koti"; 23 - tramp; 24 - gluhonіmі; 25 - Wieslaw-katorzhnі; 26 - spіvuchasniki zlochinіv; 27 - Baryshnikov teatralnі; 28 - hіpezniki - obkradachі cholovіkіv, yakih prostitutes brought to the apartment; 29 - pіdkidachі - individuals, SSMSC obkradali priїzhdzhih provіntsіalіv, pіdkidayuchi їm on vulitsі gamantsya s grіshmi chi Zoloti obruchki; 30 - pushkarі.

At sorry pid hour gromadyanskoї vіyni bіlshіst reєstratsіynih materіalіv rozshuknih vіddіlen Bulo znischeno. There, de stink zbereglisya, spіvrobіtniki Carney rozshuku uspіshno vikoristovuvali їh in Pershi Rocky radyanskoї Vladi for іdentifіkatsії zlochintsіv-profesіo-nalіv.