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Fіnansi (teoretichnі basis) - Grіdchіna MV

4.3. INSURANCE FORM organіzatsії fondіv i Vidi strahuvannya

Suchasnі FORMS organіzatsії strahuvannya yak osoblivoї spherical fіnansovih vіdnosin i vodnochase spetsifіchnoї FORMS pіdpriєmnitskoї dіyalnostі viznachayutsya zagalnimi principles funktsіonuvannya rinkovoї Economy. In his Cherga, realіzatsіya Tsikh printsipіv scho vіdobrazhaєtsya in formuvannі structuring vidіv strahuvannya that forms organіzatsії fondіv of insurance, deposits od rozvitku rinkovih vіdnosin in kozhnіy kraїnі th od natsіonalnih Especially spherical pіdpriєmnitstva. Rozvinenі rinkovі vіdnosini potrebuyut rozgaluzhenoї Sistemi strahuvannya.

Rinkova ekonomіka harakterizuєtsya liberty i numerically pіdpriєmnitstva at zberezhennі of powers regulyuvannya nayvazhlivіshih zagalnih rules rinkovogo gospodaryuvannya she Especially rules okremih Galuzo. Tse vіdobrazhaєtsya in zakonodavstvі stosovno okremih vidіv dіyalnostі, zokrema strahuvannya. So rank, strahuvannya yak Ekonomichna kategorіya Je іnstrumentom regulyuvannya rinkovoї Economy i kind of yak vodnochase dіyalnostі Je ob'єktom regulyuvannya s side powers, scho spriyaє stvorennyu vporyadkovanoї structure of the insurance market analysis (Fig. 4.1). In Ukraїnі Reigning perspicuity of insurance dіyalnіstyu zgіdno іz Law of Ukraine "About strahuvannya" zdіysnyuє spetsіalny upovnovazheny body vikonavchoї Vladi.

Fig. 4.1. The structure of the insurance market analysis

INSURANCE rinok funktsіonuє of minds realіzatsії Pevnyi printsipіv. The basic principle in strahuvannya rinkovіy ekonomіtsі Je zabezpechennya konkurentnostі insurance market analysis on osnovі demonopolіzatsії strahovoї dіyalnostі. Before ob'єktіv konkurentsії INSURANCE organіzatsіy nalezhat minds mobіlіzatsії koshtіv strahuvalnikіv strahovі in Fondi, efektivnіst іnvestuvannya that dosyagnennya temple kіntsevih fіnansovih rezultatіv. Same konkurentsіya sponukaє strahovі organіzatsії in furrows їh forms dіyalnostі postіyno rozshiryuvati assortment of insurance poslug, udoskonalyuvati їh Pay i pіdvischuvati system operativnіst viplat insurance vіdshkoduvannya.

Principle zabezpechennya fіnansovoї stabіlnostі strahovoї organіzatsії vplivaє on konkurentsіyu mіzh organіzatsіyami rіznih of insurance forms, if bezpіdstavno znizhuyutsya tariffs abo zdіysnyuєtsya rizikovane іnvestuvannya. Konkurentsіya in the Branch strahuvannya not guilty porushuvati Interests strahuvalnikіv, to power reglamentuє іnvestuvannya scope of insurance.

Principle organіzatsії strahuvannya Je takozh Zahist zabezpechennya Yurydychna uchasnikіv insurance fund in razі nastannya insurance vipadku Square od FORMS organіzatsії strahuvannya. Tsey principle realіzuєtsya through mehanіzm reєstratsії INSURANCE organіzatsіy, lіtsenzuvannya vsіh vidіv strahovoї dіyalnostі that control side s sovereign authority of the insurance is visual.

W urahuvannyam guidance printsipіv strahuvannya klasifіkuєtsya for rіznimi kriterіyami.

The shape of the vlasnostі strahovі organіzatsії podіlyayut on derzhavnі (Reigning sector strahuvannya) i nederzhavnі (komertsіyny strahuvannya sector).

For the form of insurance in fondіv strahuvannі rozrіznyayut samostrahuvannya, tsentralіzovane i Collective strahuvannya.

Samostrahuvannya bazuєtsya on іndivіdualnіy vіdpovіdalnostі th polyagaє in formuvannі INSURANCE fondіv Yurydychna that fіzichnimi personages have groshovіy abo naturalnіy formі. Nedolіkom rozglyaduvanoї FORMS strahuvannya Je nemozhlivіst stvoriti strahovі Fondi neobhіdnogo rozmіru, oskіlki tse potrebuє viluchennya s gospodarskogo turnover digit koshtіv. Samostrahuvannya Je Perche іstorichnoyu Form strahuvannya.

Tsentralіzovane strahuvannya bazuєtsya on derzhavnіy vіdpovіdalnostі th fіnansuєtsya іz zagalnoderzhavnih koshtіv, zoseredzhenih in okremih Reigning funds (reserve fund Kabіnetu Mіnіstrіv i regіonalnih Reigning organіv good). Osoblivіst tsієї FORMS strahuvannya polyagaє in obmezhenostі ob'єktіv strahuvannya (nadzvichaynі podії) i formuvannі penny yak, so i Mainova INSURANCE fondіv (Reigning reserve).

Collective strahuvannya ґruntuєtsya on solіdarnіy vіdpovіdalnostі chlenіv insurance fund, yaky stink formuyut svoїmi vneskami. Same Collective strahuvannya Je basis of the insurance market analysis at formі INSURANCE INSURANCE fondіv kompanіy.

The shape of the zaluchennya to strahuvannya rozrіznyayut dobrovіlne that obov'yazkove strahuvannya (Fig. 4.2).

Fig. 4.2. Form zaluchennya to strahuvannya i dzherela formuvannya INSURANCE fondіv

Dobrovіlne strahuvannya oznachaє viniknennya INSURANCE vіdnosin deprivation on osnovі dobrovіlno ukladenoї land (insurance polіsa) mіzh strahuvalnikom i insurers have razі mozhlivoї uchastі poserednikіv insurance market analysis (insurance broker, insurance agent). Vono Je Chastain tsivіlnih legal vіdnosin.

Dobrovіlne strahuvannya funktsіonuє in razі dotrimannya such printsipіv dobrovіlnogo strahuvannya:

• poєdnannya zakonodavchogo regulyuvannya strahovoї dіyalnostі s side s powers dobrovіlnim ukladennyam contract strahuvannya strahuvalnikom of skin;

• vibіrkove ohoplennya strahuvannyam s not looking around at Bazhannya strahuvalnika deprivation, and th at ob'єktivnі obmezhennya in ukladennі contract strahuvannya, SSMSC obumovlyuє insurer;

• dobrovіlne strahuvannya zavzhdi obmezhene termіnom, peredbachenim contract. Bezperervnіst strahuvannya dosyagaєtsya re ukladennyam contract;

• dobrovіlne strahuvannya dіє deprivation of Payment terms zgіdno s contract (single vnesok abo perіodichnі platezhі). Nesvoєchasna payment, scho minds porushuє contract oznachaє pripinennya vіdnosin of insurance;

• Insurance contract for zabezpechennya strahuvannya deposits deprivation od Bazhannya strahuvalnika i is staying in furrows strahovoї otsіnki lane.

Dobrovіlne strahuvannya for deyakimi species (NKVD, medichne, pensіyne, protipozhezhne) іsnuє parallel obov'yazkovoyu s Form strahuvannya i dopovnyuє Yogo, stvoryuyuchi dodatkovy INSURANCE Zahist strahuvalnika.

Obov'yazkove strahuvannya іsnuє in sferі іnteresіv not okremih strahuvalnikіv deprivation, and th suspіlstva zagalom, tobto zumovlene suspіlnoyu dotsіlnіstyu. Obov'yazkove strahuvannya zdіysnyuєtsya vіdpovіdno to zakonodavchih aktіv scho reglamentuyut aspects vіdpovіdnogo strahuvannya: perelіk ob'єktіv strahuvannya; rіven strahovoї vіdpovіdalnostі; rights that obov'yazki storіn; vstanovlennya tariff rates of insurance platezhіv. Zakonodavcho takozh viznacheno strahovі organіzatsії Yakimov dorucheno obov'yazkove strahuvannya for yogo okremimi views osnovі ukladennya dogovorіv mіzh insurers i strahuvalnikom.

Obov'yazkove strahuvannya peredbachaє deyaku dobrovіlnіst inclusion in kategorіyu ob'єktіv strahuvannya. Napriklad, okrema Lyudin dobrovіlno priymaє rіshennya about cob robots for spetsіalnіstyu scho peredbachaє obov'yazkove strahuvannya. Ale Tsey view strahuvannya povnіstyu ohoplyuє specific kategorіyu ob'єktіv strahuvannya, Yakscho Tse peredbacheno zakonodavstvom. In Ukraїnі zgіdno іz zakonodavstvom obov'yazkove strahuvannya іsnuє in viglyadі obov'yazkovogo that zagalnoobov'yazkovogo sovereign strahuvannya.

Obov'yazkove strahuvannya zdіysnyuєtsya in the furrows of the contract obov'yazkovogo strahuvannya for rakhunok i koshtіv strahuvalnika vklyuchaєtsya in Yogo valovі vitrati. Je organіzatsіya insurers, yak zatverdzheno zakonodavcho. Taqiy view strahuvannya poshiryuєtsya on okremі Vidi profesіynoї dіyalnostі (vіyskovosluzhbovtsі, pratsіvniki organіv yustitsії, Reigning Verification organіv, Mitnick donors that іn.) Pasazhirіv Gromadska transport vlasnikіv the agriculture zasobіv and takozh on fіnansovі garantії in transit transported pіdaktsiznih tovarіv through teritorіyu Ukraine.

Reigning Zagalnoobov'yazkove sotsіalne strahuvannya (pensіyne, medichne have zv'yazku s timchasovoyu vtratoyu pratsezdatnostі; on vipadok bezrobіttya; od neschasnogo vipadku on virobnitstvі) zdіysnyuyut spetsіalnі pozabyudzhetnі Fund (.. Divas that pіdrozd 1.2 2.4), SSMSC formuyutsya s koshtіv strahuvalnikіv, osіb are insured, asignuvan s budget.

The shape of the organіzatsії strahuvannya rozrіznyayut Reigning, non-sovereign, vzaєmne, spіvstrahuvannya, reinsurance (Fig. 4.3).

Fig. 4.3. Organіzatsіynі FORMS strahuvannya

Reigning strahuvannya bazuєtsya on derzhavnіy vіdpovіdalnostі i in minds rinkovoї Economy obmezhuєtsya viklyuchno INSURANCE garantіyami, SSMSC nadaє power through svoї upovnovazhenі bodies. Reigning strahuvannya - tse taka organіzatsіyna form zgіdno s yakoyu insurers Je power in osobі upovnovazhenih on tse organіzatsіy. In furrows of the sovereign power monopoly strahuvannya zdіysnyuє okremі Vidi strahuvannya.

Osoblivіst sovereign strahuvannya polyagaє in ekonomіchnіy prirodі Reigning INSURANCE fondіv i zdіysnyuєtsya through byudzhetnі abo pozabyudzhetnі tsіlovі Fondi, SSMSC formuyutsya in furrows Reigning fіnansіv. Jerel Tsikh fondіv, yak i Reigning fіnansіv zagalom, Yea i podatki obov'yazkovі vіdrahuvannya Yurydychna that fіzichnih osіb to budget i pozabyudzhetnih fondіv.

Rozrіznyayut takі Vidi sovereign strahuvannya: • tsentralіzovane for rakhunok tsentralіzovanogo insurance (reserve) fund, yaky stvoryuєtsya іz zagalnoderzhavnih resursіv in naturalnіy that groshovіy forms. Resources from naturalnіy formі - tse postіyno onovlyuvanі reserves strategіchnogo value in groshovіy - pіdporyadkovanі Uryadov tsentralіzovanі derzhavnі fіnansovі reserves. Zavdannya tsentralіzovanogo insurance fund, yaky Je Elements zagalnogospodarskogo complex Kraina, polyagaє in strahuvannі Economy Kraina od naslіdkіv Nadzvychaina sytuatsia podіy natural that man-made; • zagalnoobov'yazkove sotsіalne for rakhunok Fondіv sotsіalnogo strahuvannya, SSMSC formuyutsya have their Cherga for rakhunok vіdrahuvan robotodavtsіv scho vklyuchayutsya to sobіvartostі produktsії that poslug (narahuvannya Pay pratsі on the Fund), vneskіv Naiman pratsіvnikіv, asignuvan s sovereign budget іnshih nadhodzhen vіdpovіdno to zakonodavstva.

Strahuvannya-sovereign bazuєtsya on kolektivnіy vіdpovіdalnostі. In tsіy formі strahuvannya Je Private insurers have kapіtal viglyadі gospodarskogo tovaristva (nayposhirenіshoyu Form strahovoї kompanії Je aktsіonerne tovaristvo), yak funktsіonuє zgіdno s chinnim zakonodavstvom i zdіysnyuє Strakhov dіyalnіst. Insurance fund tovaristva formuєtsya for yogo rakhunok statutory kapіtalu, insurance vneskіv i od pributku strahovoї dіyalnostі. Strahuvannya-sovereign for rozmaїttyam rizikіv scho strahuyutsya, i kіlkіstyu Square kompanіy of insurance becomes the basis of the insurance market analysis poslug.

Vzaєmne strahuvannya ґruntuєtsya on kolektivnіy vіdpovіdalnostі groupies Yurydychna i fіzichnih osіb scho ob'єdnalisya in tovaristvo vzaєmnogo strahuvannya, insurance funds yakogo formuєtsya for rakhunok їh vneskіv. Tovaristvo vzaєmnogo strahuvannya nalezhit to non-komertsіynih organіzatsіy (Yogo mainly metoyu not Je otrimannya pributku). Cutaneous zasnovnik tovaristva Je member payovikom i Got the right to insurance Zahist proportsіyno to Vlasnyi vnesku. Pіslya viplati insurance vіdshkoduvannya tovaristva insurance fund popovnyuєtsya vneskami yogo chlenіv.

Spіvstrahuvannya i reinsurance rozglyadayutsya in pіdrozd. 4.3.

Widi strahuvannya virіznyayut vіdpovіdno to klasifіkatsії ob'єktіv strahuvannya, SSMSC Je nosіyami insurance іnteresu i nalezhat to materіalnih chi nematerіalnih yavisch. Vіdpovіdno ob'єkti strahuvannya podіlyayut at Klas: scho toil vartіst scho i do not toil vartostі. In ukraїnskomu zakonodavstvі (Art. 4 of the Law of Ukraine "About strahuvannya") yak okremі ob'єkti rozrіznyayut NKVD, Mainova that strahuvannya vіdpovіdalnostі. In zakonodavstvі deyakih kraїn s rinkovoyu ekonomіkoyu dodatkovo yak okremy ob'єkt (Galuzo) strahuvannya rozglyadaєtsya strahuvannya ekonomіchnih rizikіv. Cutaneous ob'єkt (Galuzo) strahuvannya podіlyaєtsya on pіdgaluzі scho toil spetsifіchnі osoblivostі rizikіv, SSMSC, from his Cherga, so needless toil rіznovidi (Fig. 4.4).

Fig. 4.4. Widi strahuvannya for Galuzo that pіdgaluzyami

Ob'єktom NKVD strahuvannya Zhittya Yea, she pratsezdatnіst Helsinki Human Health Protection. Vono poєdnuє rizikovu that zberіgalnu funktsії - nagromadzhennya platezhіv i vidachu poziki pid outpost insurance polіsa. In furrows pіdgaluzey tsogo mind strahuvannya (Zhittya, od neschasnogo vipadku, medichnogo that of the Pension strahuvannya) rozrіznyayut strahuvannya Health Protection at poїzdkah gromadyan behind a cordon, pensіy for vіkom abo pitched Health Protection, od neschasnih vipadkіv profesіynih group, dіtey i shkolyarіv, ritual poslug that іn.

The shape of the NKVD organіzatsії strahuvannya buvaє dobrovіlnim that obov'yazkovim and fallow od chiselnostі are insured - іndivіdualnim i grupovogo.

Medichne dobrovіlne strahuvannya Je Chastain Sistemi suspіlnoї receptionists Zdorov'ya i Mauger fіnansuvatis for rakhunok spetsіalnih INSURANCE fondіv, organіzovanih, napriklad for teritorіalnim principle. Such a form of organіzatsіyna strahuvannya wider at kraїnah s rozvinenimi rinkovimi vіdnosinami i, bezperechno, h hour bude realіzovana in Ukraїnі in protsesі zdіysnennya medichnoї reform.

Teritorіalny fund medichnogo strahuvannya formuєtsya for rakhunok vneskіv fіzichnih osіb (rozmіr vnesku deposits od will Zdorov'ya strahuvalnika) of companies, rozmіschenih on teritorії, yak ohoplyuє exposure The Fund and takozh vneskіv mіstsevogo Vladi body yaky Je strahuvalnikom for nepratsyuyuchih zhitelіv area. Іnshimi words, medichnomu strahuvannі sub'єktami Je fіzichnі individuals, insurance medichna organіzatsіya i medichnі mortgage. Strahov vіdshkoduvannya zdіysnyuєtsya in formі medichnoї Pay Relief.

Ob'єktom Mainova strahuvannya Je strahuvannya rіznih vidіv Lane, yogo pіdgaluzі viokremleno fallow od FORMS vlasnostі lane. For ukrajins'koho insurance market analysis traditsіynimi Je takі Vidi, yak strahuvannya sіlskogospodarskih cultures i tvarin, transport zasobіv, Vantage, NKVD Lane gromadyan.

Strahuvalnikom Mainova strahuvannya Mauger Buti deprivation Yurydychna abo fіzichna person (Valadar, rozporyadnik chi koristuvach Lane), yak Got samostіyny Yurydychna Mainova іnteres.

Protipozhezhne strahuvannya zgіdno іz svіtovoyu practice strahovoї dіyalnostі Je okremoyu pіdgaluzzyu strahuvannya s look around on yogo value in pіdpriєmnitskіy dіyalnostі. Rozrіznyayut dobrovіlne i obov'yazkove protipozhezhne strahuvannya. Osoblivіst formuvannya insurance fund tsogo mind strahuvannya polyagaє in spryamuvannі to Demba Pevnyi percent od sumi contract Mainova strahuvannya i agreement strahuvannya tsivіlnoї vіdpovіdalnostі, ale in furrows zagalnogo insurance fund kozhnoї strahovoї kompanії. In strukturі insurance fund protipozhezhnogo strahuvannya viokremlyuєtsya fund pozhezhnoї BEZPEKA, Jerel formuvannya yakogo Je percentage vіdrahuvannya od sumi INSURANCE vneskіv for protipozhezhnim strahuvannyam.

Strahuvannya vіdpovіdalnostі strahuvalnika zahischaє yak yogo Interests, so i Interests are insured. Strahuvalnik zvіlnyaєtsya od vіdshkoduvannya zbitkіv tretіm individuals. Osoblivіst tsogo mind strahuvannya polyagaє ukladannі in the insurance contract are insured without viznachennya specific (individual chi sub'єkta gospodaryuvannya). Are insured i rozmіr vіdshkoduvannya viznachayutsya rіshennyam court deprivation in razі nastannya insurance vipadku, tobto at zapodіyannі Skoda tretіy osobі.

Nayposhirenіshim Je strahuvannya tsivіlnoї vіdpovіdalnostі vlasnikіv Transport rіznih vidіv, yak poєdnuє minds NKVD i Mainova strahuvannya (vіdshkoduvannya vtrat Zdorov'ya poshkodzhennya lane i). Zgіdno іz zakonodavstvom Kraina TAKE strahuvannya Je obov'yazkovim chi dobrovіlnim fallow od transport zasobu mind.

Promising to ukrajins'koho insurance market analysis Je takі Vidi strahuvannya vіdpovіdalnostі: pozichalnika for Povernennya loan robotodavtsya, tsivіlnoї vіdpovіdalnostі of companies, scho Yea Jerel pіdvischenoї zagrozi for zabrudnennya dovkіllya, yadernoї vіdpovіdalnostі, tsivіlnoї vіdpovіdalnostі virobnikіv tovarіv that push-chіv poslug, profesіynoї vіdpovіdalnostі (lіkarіv, Mitnija brokerіv, yuristіv that іn.) vіdpovіdalnostі dіlovogo partner.

Strahuvannya ekonomіchnih rizikіv yak okrema Galuzo strahuvannya, dotsіlnіst yakogo practice brought gospodaryuvannya rozvinenih rinkovih kraїn, Suchasnyj Ukrainian zakonodavstvom not peredbachene, ale mozhlive. In strahuvannі ekonomіchnih rizikіv rozrіznyayut strahuvannya od komertsіynih, tehnіchnih, legal, polіtichnih rizikіv rizikіv i have fіnansovo-kreditnіy sferі.

In razі strahuvannya komertsіynih rizikіv ob'єktom strahuvannya Je іnvestuvannya penny i materіalnih resursіv result yakogo Got Booty otrimannya income tobto pіdpriєmnitska dіyalnіst. Wink riziku Je neotrimannya ochіkuvanogo income. Specifically i nayposhirenіshimi views strahuvannya ekonomіchnih rizikіv Je takі:

• strahuvannya vtrat pributku od prizupinennya s rіznih reasons virobnitstva processes;

• strahuvannya vtrat income od nevikonannya partners dogovіrnih zobov'yazan;

• strahuvannya orendnoї pay od nemozhlivostі її otrimannya vipadok through insurance;

• strahuvannya rentnoї pay od pripinennya orendnih vіdnosin vipadok through insurance;

• strahuvannya vіdnovlyuvanoї vartostі Lane, Yakscho to tsogo potrіbnі will vitrati scho perevischuyut vartіst are insured lane.

Strahuvannya tehnіchnih rizikіv poshiryuєtsya on All types rizikіv schodo stvorennya that ekspluatatsії pіdpriєmstva.

Страхування фінансово-кредитних ризиків охоплює ті з них, що виникають внаслідок фінансової діяльності страхувальника. Це страхування:

• експортних операцій, у тому числі експортних кредитів;

• банківських кредитів від ризику неплатежів;

• банківської діяльності від заподіяння шкоди персоналом або внаслідок інших протиправних дій;

• валютних ризиків від нестабільності курсу валюти;

• від інфляції.