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Management - Vikhanskiy OS

5. Human-group interaction

As mentioned earlier in this chapter, the organization expects that a person will perform in a certain way the role for which it accepts it. A person also looks at the organization as a place where he gets a certain job, performs it and receives an appropriate reward from the organization. However, the interaction between a person and an organization is not limited only to role interaction. It is much wider. A person does work in the environment of people, in interaction with them. He is not only a performer in the organization, but also a member of the group within which he acts. In this case, the group has a huge impact on human behavior. And the behavior of a person, his actions make a certain contribution to the life of a group.

5.1. General concept of group

There is no canonical definition of a small group, since it is a sufficiently flexible and subject to the influence of circumstances phenomenon. However, a widely accepted, well-established view of a small group (henceforth always the term "group" will be used in this sense) is widely accepted as a relatively isolated association of a small number of people (usually no more than ten) who are in fairly stable interaction and carry out joint actions for a sufficient A long period of time. The interaction of the members of the group is based on some common interest and may be related to the achievement of a common goal. In this case, the group has a certain group potential or group capabilities that allow it to interact with the environment and adapt to changes in the environment.

Typical features of the group are the following. First, the members of the group identify themselves and their actions with the group as a whole, and thus in external interactions act as if on behalf of the group. A person does not speak of himself, but of the group as a whole, using pronouns , we, our, our, us , etc. Secondly, the interaction between members of the group has the character of direct contacts, personal conversation, observation of each other's behavior, and so on. In the group, people communicate directly with each other, giving formal interactions a "human" form. Thirdly, in the group, along with a formal distribution of roles, if one exists, an informal distribution of roles is usually formed , usually recognized by the group. Some members of the group take on the role of idea generators, others are inclined to coordinate the efforts of the members of the group, others care about the relationships in the group, the maintenance of a good climate in the team, the fourth ensure that there is order in the work, everything is done on time and brought to End. There are people who carry out the role of structurators, they set goals for the group, track the influence of the environment on the group's tasks.

These and other roles of group behavior people perform in accordance with their abilities and inner vocation. Therefore, in well-functioning groups, there are usually opportunities for a person to behave in accordance with their abilities for group action and the organically inherent role of a member of the group.

There are two types of groups: formal and informal. Both these types of groups are important for the organization and have a great impact on the members of the organization.

Formal groups are usually identified as structural units within the organization. They have a formally appointed leader, a formally defined structure of roles, positions and positions within the group, as well as functions and tasks formally assigned to them. Formal groups can be formed to perform a regular function, such as accounting, but can be created to solve a specific task, for example, a commission to develop a project.

Informal groups are created not by orders of leadership and formal decisions, but by members of the organization in accordance with their mutual likes, common interests, equal hobbies, habits, etc. These groups exist in all organizations, although they are not represented in the diagrams reflecting the structure of the organization, its structure. Informal groups usually have their own unwritten rules and norms of behavior, people know well who enters their informal group and who does not. In informal groups there is a certain distribution of roles and positions. Usually these groups have a clearly or implicitly expressed leader. In many cases, informal groups can exert influence on their members, equal to or even greater than formal structures.

Why do groups arise that cause people to form groups and enter them? These questions are very important for understanding the behavior of a person in an organization. It is obvious that groups arise in the organization and function as separate structural subdivisions due to the fact that as a result of the division of labor, there are separate specialized functions that require for their performance a certain set of people with a certain qualification who have a certain profession and are ready to perform in a joint activity system A certain work. A similar situation is observed in the formation of groups designed to meet the targets.

But this is only one side of the process of the appearance of groups in the organization. Usually it leads to the formation of formal groups.

Another important reason for the formation of groups is a person's natural desire to unite with other people, to form stable forms of interaction with people. The group gives a person a sense of security, from the group he is waiting for support, help in solving his problems and warnings. In a group, it is easier for a person to achieve "reward" in the form of recognition, praise, or material encouragement. In a group, a person learns by adopting the experience of others, better aware of their capabilities and potential. The group gives the person more self-confidence in external interactions, contributes to the development of his identity * 3. Finally, the group provides a person with the opportunity to transmit time in a pleasant environment for him, the opportunity to avoid loneliness and the state of lostness, uselessness. Everyone wants to be loved by someone who needs someone to belong to someone, and the group can be a source of solutions to these human problems.

* 3: {This term reflects a person's self-awareness, his identification with a particular stable phenomenon or condition.}