home Management Strategіchne upravlіnnya - Shershnova Z. Je

Strategіchne upravlіnnya - Shershnova Z. Je

1.2. ROZMAЇTTYA of companies

Cutaneous pіdpriєmstvo chi organіzatsіya Je unіkalnoyu "vіdkritoyu" system, scho Got pevnі osoblivostі, SSMSC vіdrіznyayut odne pіdpriєmstvo od іnshogo. However Cutaneous s them Je sotsіalnoekonomіchnoyu system and otzhe, Got zagalnі RISS. Before Tsikh zagalnih vіdnosyat characteristics [26]:

vikoristannya mainly elementіv virobnitstva (subject zasobіv pratsі that pratsі) i basically funktsіy upravlіnnya;

zmіnnіst okremih parametrіv i Sistemi zagalom uprodovzh perіodu іsnuvannya;

zdatnіst to formuvannya vlasnoї povedіnki, unіkalnіst, nerіdko - neperedbachuvanіst її in konkretnіy situatsії;

zdatnіst adaptuvatisya to Change log in seredovischі, vstanovlyuvati efektivnі zv'yazki;

zdatnіst to protidії tendentsіyam, SSMSC mozhut zruynuvati system;

vlastivіst zmіnyuvati structure th mehanіzm funktsіonuvannya on Vlasnyi rozsud;

zdatnіst i spryamovanіst on tsіlevstanovlennya that tsіlerealіzatsіyu.

Nezvazhayuchi on skhozhіst characteristics of companies yak sotsіalnoekonomіchnih systems, skin pіdpriєmstvo samostіyno rozv'yazuє problems scho pov'yazanі s nalagodzhennyam zv'yazkіv in sistemі "pіdpriєmstvo - Power", vrahuvannyam nayavnih chi mozhlivih "tehnologіchnih prorivіv" іz structural perebudovoyu macro that mіkrorіvnі ; іz sotsіalnimi processes in suspіlstvі toscho.

Viznachennya sutnostі pіdpriєmstva, yogo mainly napryamkіv dіyalnostі for Thompson [52], Mauger viznachatisya 8 rіznimi characteristics fallow od such faktorіv:

1) osnovnoї produktsії Chi Hotel;

2) osnovnoї Lanka virobnitstva (Paper the virobnitstvo);

3) osnovnoї tehnologії on virobnitstvu produktsії (virobnitstvo hіmіchnih rechovin s Nafti chi gas virobnitstvo parts for Relief poroshkovoї metalurgії);

4) osnovnoї groupies spozhivachіv scho obslugovuєtsya pіdpriєmstvom (avtomobіlі - for rіznih sotsіalnih group, komp'yuteri - for virobnitstva abo navchannya);

5) the level of zadovolennya potreb spozhivacha in produktsії chi posluzі scho vzhe znayomі pokuptsevі (Integrated obladnannya for kuhnі, navchalnі prog rіznih rіvnіv napryamkіv i) i toil rіznu yakіst;

6) scale dіyalnostі in the Branch: ohoplennya vsogo virobnichotehnologіchnogo complex - od workpiece sirovini to vigotovlennya kіntsevoї produktsії Chi Hotel abo spetsіalіzatsіya on one etapі in virobnichomu lantsyugu (vigotovlennya pryazhі, zbirannya gotovoї produktsії s komplektuyuchih details abo rozlivannya kosmetichnih rechovin s tanks in vials pakuvannya that of sales);

7) stage diversifіkatsії pіdpriєmstva: vikoristannya (chi ni) osnovnoї sirovini, tehnologії, kanalіv rozpodіlu chi zbutu; obslugovuvannya odnoї (chi rіznih) group spozhivachіv toscho;

8) on the stage orієntatsії pіdpriєmstva dosyagnennya temple fіnansovoekonomіchnih rezultatіv dіyalnostі, scho robit yogo Mensch Vulnerable to pіdnesen chi spadіv zagalnoї kon'yunkturi Rinku zavdyaki vіdmovі od orієntatsії on yakiynebud one (chi pov'yazanі mіzh him) napryamok dіyalnostі, іntensifіkatsії operatsіy s assets uchastі in budyakіy dіyalnostі scho daє visokі pributki. Naychastіshe such orієntatsіya Je naslіdkom konglomeratnoї diversifіkatsії scho potrebuє spetsіalnoї zagalnoї warm-de rіznі Vidi dіyalnostі pov'yazanі through fіnansovoekonomіchnі pokazniki.

We hover perelіku characteristics pіdpriєmstva filed a s klasifіkatsіy scho zastosovuєtsya for analіzu їhnoї sutnostі.

Vіdmіnnostі of companies mozhna opisati hundreds parametrіv scho harakterizuyut їhnі mіkro makrozv'yazki that, the structure of the first processes. Naysuttєvіshimi Sered them Je takі.

Yurydychna status i form vlasnostі scho viznachayut tipi of companies: privatnі іndivіdualnі scho toil status yuridichnoї individuals tovaristva at tsomu rozrіznyayut ob'єdnannya osіb, kapіtalіv (komertsіynі tovaristva) gromadskі that kooperativnі tovaristva, asotsіatsії, concerns that konsortsіumi, derzhavnі that munіtsipalnі First place the pіdpriєmstva, spіlnі pіdpriєmstva s іnozemnim kapіtalom, aktsіonernі tovaristva (rіznogo type). Yurydychna status i form vlasnostі suttєvo vplivayut on osoblivostі funktsіonuvannya of companies, mehanіzmi rіshen of acceptance, control, pіdporyadkovanostі that zvіtnostі. Especially Tse vіdbivaєtsya on sistemі strategіchnogo upravlіnnya, oskіlki nakladaє pevnі obmezhennya (ni abo) on reaguvannya pіdpriєmstva on vimogi zovnіshnogo that vnutrіshnogo seredovischa.

Galuzeva prinalezhnіst i profіl pіdpriєmstva viznachayutsya produktsієyu scho viroblyaєtsya, Hotel abo scho nadayutsya. The structure of companies that Galuzo, SSMSC to them nalezhat, deposits od klasifіkatsіy scho zastosovuyutsya in tіy chi іnshіy kraїnі on Pevnyi vіdtinku hour. Ekonomichna dіyalnіst Kraina Zgoda zmіnyuєtsya, vіdbuvaєtsya postіyny processes strukturnoї perebudovi, rozmіri that vzaєmozv'yazok Galuzo mіzh themselves will melt іnshimi, rozvivaєtsya (abo zanepadaє) zmіst dіyalnostі Galuzo, Hoca i titles mozhut not zmіnyuvatisya (lіtako abo avtomobіlebuduvannya). Pіdpriєmstva proponuyut on sales naychastіshe neodnorіdnu produktsіyu; rozrіznyayutsya monovirobniki (spetsіalіzovanі pіdpriєmstva) that polіvirobniki (s pіdpriєmstva wide the assortment). Parameters of companies that osoblivostі їhnogo funktsіonuvannya will rіznimi, yak i strategії rozvitku.

Rozmaїttya rinkіv scho їh obslugovuє pіdpriєmstvo, rіven that osoblivostі konkurentsії Je bunt zovnіshnіmi factors scho vplivayut on formuvannya spetsifіchnih Find our chi organіzatsіy of companies. Characteristics of market analysis chi rinkіv scho їh obslugovuє pіdpriєmstvo (mіstkіst, rіven segmentatsії, dinamіka rozvitku / skorochennya, characterization popitu toscho) and Quantity of companies takozh, scho rinok obslugovuyut give zovnіshnіh system coordinates vіdnosno yakih pіdpriєmstvo buduє his strategіyu. Situatsіya on market analysis harakterizuєtsya dinamіchnimi zmіnami, that value tієї chi іnshoї fіrmi, mozhlivіst її vplivu takozh zmіnyuyutsya: deyakі pіdpriєmstva stayut monopolіstami, INSHI - znikayut. On rіznih Rinko i in rіznih Galuzo skladayutsya rіznomanіtnі situatsії scho vimagaє od of companies on the adequacy reaktsіy zmіnu forms rozmіrіv, mehanіzmіv funktsіonuvannya that konkurentsії. Appeared novih konkurentіv Mauger zmіniti dіyuchih characteristics of companies.

Rozmіri of companies i virobnichy potentsіal skladayutsya on osnovі chinnikіv scho harakterizuyut galuzevu prinalezhnіst (zastosuvannya quiet chi іnshih tehnologіy, materіalіv, robіtnikіv pevnoї kvalіfіkatsії toscho), that rinkovih faktorіv, SSMSC "zadayut" scale that efektivnіst vikoristannya virobnichogo potentsіalu particular pіdpriєmstva. The problem of optimal viznachennya rozmіru pіdpriєmstva dosit foldable. Mozhna short zaznachiti deprivation, scho Absent dvoh odnakovih of companies navіt odnієї the Branch, scho dіyut on one market analysis, navіt for rozmіrami, Not Saying vzhe about INSHI chinniki scho harakterizuyut virobnichy potentsіal and takozh obranі strategії.

Tipi organіzatsіy that organіzatsіynoekonomіchnogo mehanіzmu funktsіonuvannya that upravlіnnya stale od rozglyanutih characteristics. Type organіzatsії pіdpriєmstva naybіlsh chіtko proyavlyaєtsya in її organіzatsіynіy strukturі virobnitstva that tehnologіyah of acceptance upravlіnskih rіshen. Tse in his Cherga, zabezpechuє efektivnіst dіyalnostі organіzatsії, mіru zbіlshennya vartostі osvoєnih resursіv, tobto rіven dodanoї vartostі. Dosyagnutі "optimalnі" rozmіri vitrat hour that resursіv mozhut stimulyuvati zrostannya of companies, urіznomanіtnennya їhnoї produktsії that zrostannya rinkіv zbutu, oskіlki potrebuyut dodatkovih zusil i koordinatsії dіyalnostі that Radical Change log. Cutaneous organіzatsіya obiraє that vdoskonalyuє on Vlasnyi rozsud s dosit Bhagat arsenal organіzatsіynu form that mehanіzm upravlіnnya pіdpriєmstvom, stvoryuyuchi vreshtіresht sotsіalnoekonomіchnu system'm not going to INSHI. Svoєyu Cherga type pіdpriєmstva that mehanіzm funktsіonuvannya Je tієyu "vіdpravnoyu point" od yakoї pochinaєtsya budyaky ruh, yak viznachaє time іz tsіlyami zmіst її "strategіchnogo set." Great role here vіdіgrayut kerіvniki pіdpriєmstva, SSMSC spriyayut abo, abo pereshkodzhayut (іnodі mimovolі) rozvitku pіdpriєmstva.