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Logіstika - Kalchenko AG

3.4. STISLІ VІDOMOSTІ UPRAVLІNNYA MATERІALNIM missile defense system flow

Komertsіyna dіyalnіst peredbachaє virіshennya rіznomanіtnih folding problems, mainly s yakih zalishaєtsya problem materіalno-tehnіchnogo zabezpechennya. In the minds rinkovih ekonomіchnih vіdnosin materіalnі resources to virobnichogo spozhivannya pridbavayutsya on market analysis zasobіv virobnitstva. Otzhe, pіdpriєmstva toil Buti platospromozhnimi. Truncated colo power, pov'yazanih s upravlіnnyam materіalnimi resources s metoyu materіalno-tehnіchnogo zabezpechennya i zbutu, Je subject logіstiki. Logіstika becoming Chastain about science streams. W matematichnoї point Zora, potіk vklyuchaє bagato elementіv, ob'єdnanih in єdine tsіle. Streams rіznih ob'єktіv so chi іnakshe pov'yazanі mіzh him before the train one type of flow Mauger porodzhuvati Inshyj, stvoryuyuchi dosit skladnі system.

Infect іsnuє bagato viznachen logіstiki, ale OOO All stink converging on the fact scho logіstika - tse Naukova distsiplіna about upravlіnnya flows in systems. Guidance zagalne viznachennya Mauger Buti konkretizovane for the title vische systems that potokіv scho them tsirkulyuyut. Vіdomo, scho system - tse bezlіch vzaєmopov'yazanih elementіv, SSMSC funktsіonuyut for dosyagnennya zagalnoї methylation. In dinamіchnih systems vzaєmozv'yazok elementіv that funktsіonuvannya dosyagaєtsya zavdyaki vіdpovіdnim flows. Same that flows Je warehouses system. So rank, їh mozhna rozglyadati yak pіdsistemi th nezalezhnі ob'єkti upravlіnnya. In zv'yazku s CIM logіstika vikoristovuє methodological kіbernetiki, sistemologії (teorії systems). Schematically Location logіstiki in upravlіnnі mozhna zobraziti such rank:

Fig. 21. Zagalna scheme logіstiki

Matematichnі methods give uyavu about kіlkіsnі aspects Ruhu potokіv. So, zokrema, іsnuyut matematichnі distsiplіni for doslіdzhennya potokіv - teorіya gradoїdіv that teorіya masovogo obslugovuvannya. Upravlіnnya flows, i yak yak whether upravlіnnya, potrebuє vіdobrazhennya, tobto pobudovi modelі. Tom logіstika yak science rozroblyaє methodological modelyuvannya potokіv. When tsomu logіstichny pіdhіd peredbachaє іnterpretatsіyu kerovanoї system in viglyadі flow. Taqiy pіdhіd nadaє upravlіnnyu chіtko viznachenogo nature. Napriklad system materіalno-tehnіchnogo zabezpechennya staє prozorіshoyu, Yakscho її rozglyadati yak processes Ruhu materіalnih resursіv in sferі turnover od postachalnika to spozhivacha. Neobhіdno pіdkresliti, scho, vihodyachi іz sutnіsnoї characteristics logіstiki, metoyu upravlіnnya flow Je dosyagnennya him kіntsevoї point when setting the drain.

Metodi upravlіnnya logіstiki bazuyutsya on dії vartostі law, the principles of management is the marketing and takozh s pov'yazuyutsya funktsіonuvannyam tovaroprovіdnoї іnfrastrukturi - skladskim Gospodarstwa, komunіkatsіyami. Logіstika, yak tse zobrazheno in Fig. 21 Yea svoєrіdnim center scho koordinuє dії usіh warehouses real turnover processes. H point Zora logіstiki for zdіysnennya materіalno-tehnіchnogo zabezpechennya neobhіdno not tіlki vstanoviti gospodarchі zv'yazki, vіdshukati postachalnika, uklasti favor about supply and delivery of the first organіzuvati bezposeredno produktsії, prostezhiti for її vіdvantazhennyam that Shlyakhov prohodzhennya right up to pributtya Location spozhivannya and takozh rozrahuvatisya s usіma uchasnikami processes - torgovelnoyu establish transport pіdpriєmstvom, bazoyu, poserednikami. When tsomu Wkra vazhlivim Je nalagodzhennya virobnitstva, zbutu, zakupіvel, zberіgannya that transportuvannya yak єdinogo tsіlogo. Vіdpravnoyu organіzatsіynoyu point here Je bezperervne obslugovuvannya dinamіki popitu, s urahuvannyam yakoї viznachayutsya the plan properties warehouses logіstichnoї system. Taqiy dosit gnuchky plan. Mozhlivіst "gnuchkogo" reaguvannya on Oscillations popitu zakladaєtsya in zavdyaki plan varіantnostі yogo rozrobki. Dodatkovy factor gnuchkostі - tsіlespryamovane stvorennya backup virobnichih bearing-down, zavantazhennya yakih zdіysnyuєtsya zgіdno s poperedno rozroblenimi contingency plans Sistemi materіalno-tehnіchnogo zabezpechennya pіdpriєmstva.

Okremі Elements logіstiki (method rozv'yazannya transport zavdannya, viznachennya optimal rozmіru zapasіv), good vіdomі in ekonomіchnіy teorії, vikoristovuvalis i on praktitsі. However logіstika rozglyadaє їh in vzaєmozv'yazku that vzaєmozalezhnostі, tobto logіstika Je not scho yak zastosuvannya teorії Lots Other systems in the Branch formuvannya optimally materіalnih potokіv. On navedenіy nizhche skhemі zobrazheno skladovі Elements logіstichnoї kontseptsії. Items marked Strіlkami processes ekspediruvannya, SSMSC vklyuchayut transportuvannya, planuvannya that dokumentoobіg vantazhіv.

Fig. 22. Elements kontseptsії logіstiki

Pobudova logіstichnih models rozpochinaєtsya s analіzu marketingovoї Informácie.

Spetsіalіsti s logіstiki on osnovі danih require about klієntіv (Bazhanov hour that perіodichnіst supplies rozmіri partіy, view pakuvannya that INSHI vimogi) rozroblyayut optimally grafіk rozpodіlu th delivery gotovoї produktsії, promіzhnogo zberіgannya scheme. Marketing logіstika Got optimally zadovolnyati superechlivі vimogi vіddіlu marketing virobnichih, transport, skladskih pіdrozdіlіv. So, napriklad, Principles of Marketing peredbachayut ritmіchnіst, Visoko nadіynіst i regulyarnіst postachan neobhіdnoї klієntam kіlkostі tovarіv. Operational virobniche planuvannya bazuєtsya on printsipі znizhennya vitrat at zbіlshennі rozmіrіv partіy virobіv and takozh zmenshennya kіlkostі perenalagodzhen in tehnologіchnomu protsesі. Upravlіnnya transport vimagaє yakomoga bіlshogo obsyagu disposable postachannya vantazhіv (at tsomu znizhuєtsya rhythm postachan i zbіlshuyutsya obsyagi skladskih zapasіv yak at postachalnikіv, so i have їhnіh klієntіv). Mіnіmіzatsіya vitrat on skladuvannya gotovoї produktsії pov'yazana Zi zmenshennyam zapasіv (odnochasno znizhuєtsya stupіn nadіynostі funktsіonuvannya usієї MEREZHI zbutu pіdpriєmstva, vinikayut znachnі vitrati, pogіrshuyutsya konkurentnі pozitsії fіrmi). Figures zobrazheno rіznі tendentsії zalezhnostі vitrat on virobnitstvo that vitrat on zberіgannya od zbіlshennya rozmіru partії virobіv.

• Umovnі poznachennya:

and - zagalnі vitrati;

b - vitrati on zberіgannya;

c - vitrati on virobnitstvo;

d - h pryamі supply plant;

e - nepryamі delivery (through the warehouse).

The images in Fig. 23 grafіk vkazuє on mozhlivіst optimal spіvvіdnoshennya іnteresіv virobnichih pіdrozdіlіv that services zberіgannya gotovoї produktsії i dosyagnennya on tsіy osnovі mіnіmalnih vitrat on rіvnі K. In bіlsh folding models vrahovuyutsya th INSHI vimogi, usuvayutsya zaznachenі vische superechnostі. When tsomu vrahovuyut osoblivostі produktsії scho vigotovlyaєtsya type pіdpriєmstva, zaplanovanu strategіyu i tactics. The images in Fig. 24 grafіk vіdobrazhaє pribliznu zalezhnіst vitrat on rozmіschennya (transportuvannya th zberіgannya) od trivalostі supplies tobto termіnovostі at tranzitnіy that skladskіy forms. W grafіka seen scho zabezpechiti mіnіmalny hour supply naydotsіlnіshe through trammel promіzhnih skladіv, Yakscho to tsogo Je neobhіdnі stocks. When skladskіy formі supply vitrati in zv'yazku іz zbіlshennyam hour supply to Pevnyi time padayut and potіm s prodovzhennyam supply cycle is not practical zmіnyuyutsya. Tranzitnіy formі pritamanny bіlsh tіsny phone reception vitrat s mozhlivim supplies hour. Before Pevnyi time bіlsh efektivnosti Je skladska form, and for the minds netermіnovih chi ritmіchnih supplies - tandem. Termіni "transit" that "skladska" schodo supply forms in danomu razі vipravdanі, more vіdobrazhayut sutnіst yavischa in sistemі materіalno-tehnіchnogo postachannya.

On vіdmіnu od priynyatoї we kvartalnoї Sistemi planuvannya postachan behind a cordon zastosovuyut INSHI odinitsі vimіru hour. For Masov vidіv produktsії per unit hour vstanovlenogo priymayut Dobou. The maximum line vikonannya іndivіdualnih of order not perevischuє six tizhnіv. Zvazhayuchi on tsі obmezhennya on osnovі fallow okremih parametrіv modelі marketing logіstiki of chi іnshogo pіdpriєmstva, rozroblyaєtsya scheme dispozitsії gotovoї produktsії s completion point її virobnitstva to zdachі klієntu. At the time skhemі zakіnchennya protsesіv transportuvannya Got Booty zaplanovane Location for zberіgannya produktsії s vіdpovіdnimi Area, ob'єmom, vologіstyu, temperature. Planuєtsya th mode filed the agriculture zasobіv, routes їh Ruhu, neobhіdnі zasobi mehanіzatsії vantazhno-rozvantazhuvalnih robіt. Driving dispozitsії rozroblyaєtsya s urahuvannyam dvoh aspektіv. According au-Perche, in particular of order vikonannya rozrahovuєtsya route Ruhu, tobto merezhna model in yakіy vіdomі moments cob that zakіnchennya usіh etapіv. Alternatively, yak scrip planіv usіh of order on viznacheny perіod skladaєtsya zagalny plan vikoristannya okremih elementіv dispozitsії (skladіv, transport zasobіv toscho) tobto viznachaєtsya scho bude zberіgatisya on specific cutaneous mіstsі, chi yak bude zavantazheny Danian transport zasіb. Ukladenі treaties of order on іndivіdualne chi serіyne virobnitstvo, ochіkuvany obsyag sale rezultatіv masovogo i bagatoserіynogo virobnitstva Je basis for the first-line operational formuvannya planіv virobnitstva that kalkulyatsії sobіvartostі produktsії. So rank, logіstichna kontseptsіya upravlіnnya mainly virobnitstvom truncated s Mensch mіroyu orієntuєtsya on Key infrastructure produktsії, yak skladuєtsya, i dedalі chastіshe - on vikonannya klієntіv of order.

In zv'yazku s CIM skorochuyutsya line dії dogovorіv on postachannya podіbnoї produktsії, zmenshuyutsya obsyagi її partіy.

Kontrolovanim Got Booty bezperervny perspicuity of Rukh vantazhіv od virobnika to spozhivacha, vklyuchayuchi skladskі ob'єkti. For tsogo have strukturnі lanka control that upravlіnnya materіalnimi streams Got bezperervno nadhoditi nadіyna іnformatsіya. Won Got Booty іntegrovanoyu th ohoplyuvati processes virobnitstva, rozpodіlu th zadovolennya popitu.

Schematically Location logіstiki in upravlіnnі materіalnimi zobraziti stream may be as follows:

Fig. 25. Location logіstiki in upravlіnnі materіalnimi flows