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The organization of production - AS Kurochkin

4.5. Organizational and economic production preparation

The main scope of work

Organizational-economic pre-production provides a set of measures for the planning and organization of production of new products, as well as its manufacturing process to ensure all the necessary resources. This stage of pre-production is dependent on novelty, production volume, complexity, and other parameters of the new products and therefore is very responsible. It covers such major works:

• preparation of a master plan and schedule estimates for the technical preparation of the production costs;

• the development of balance and availability requirements of the main production areas of personnel, major equipment, etc .;

• explore the possibility of further deepening of specialization and cooperation of shops and production sections;

• development of measures to accelerate the technical preparation of production of new products;

• explore the possibility of reducing costs at the stage of pre-production and development of new products;

• choice of the method of transition to new products. Let us consider these and other components of the organizational-economic stage of pre-production to the production of new products.

Planning of new products

Planning of the subconscious and the base gtovki production by a special department of the company (Bureau, group, individual performers), subordinate to the chief engineer.

The objective of this plan is the establishment of a reasonable start and end timing of the work to ensure the timely launch of the product in its production and release as scheduled.

The main elements of technical preparation of production planning include:

• establish the composition and sequence of performance of works;

• identification of the need for materials, semi-finished products, components and additional equipment;

• Determining the composition of workers;

• Identification of training needs of new professions;

• distribution of works on units and performers;

• Identifying needs for technical re-planning workshops and bays;

• setting standards time and duration of the work cycle; perform calculations loading equipment;

• budgeting for technical preparation of production costs;

• co-ordination and regulation of the process.

Design and development of new products requires clear and strong coordination among all departments. The document regulates the composition, sequence and duration of implementation of the planned scope of work is the general schedule of technical preparation of production. The number and content of the individual phases of the schedule depends on the complexity of the developed products.

In the construction of the schedule of the following prerequisites must be met:

• the best possible combination of time of individual stages (parallelism);

• independence of each stage (autonomy);

• securing each stage specific artists;

• completion of each phase perform a specific job (making sets of blueprints, equipment and so on. D.).

Operational planning is carried out with the help of monthly tasks. They are specified scope of work and the complexity of their cast.

When planning the technical preparation of production are widely used network diagrams based on the methodology of network planning and management. To build a network model of such a plan, you must first define the list of works and their labor intensity, consistency and correlation.

At this stage of pre-production and to develop the necessary regulations for the planning of design and technological preparation of production. This work is carried out in parallel by almost all functional areas of the enterprise - marketing departments, Economic Planning, DITC, production and dispatch, labor and wages, the company laboratories and others.

Measures to accelerate the technical preparation

In modern conditions, one of the decisive factors in the acceleration of technological preparation of production for the creation and development of new

production is to move the company to work in market conditions. Along with this at all stages of technical preparation of production characteristic directions of its acceleration is standardization, unification, standardization, typification processes, network planning and management, the use of modern computer technology, ARM, CAM, CAD and others.

By standardizing understood establishment of mandatory requirements to products, methods, terms and other objects. Standardization restricts their diversity appropriate to the minimum and that facilitates the work of designers.

When designing new products primarily standard parts need to be applied and components, as well as normal and norms. Especially effective is the use of a new design standard parts and components manufactured at specialized enterprises.

Under the unification refers to the process of production the cast, production, or elements of means of uniform shape, size, structure, composition for the management structures reduction products, dimensions and parameters, types of technological operations and processes, the range of equipment used, equipment, tools, materials and semifinished products , the scope of design and technological documentation while reducing the complexity of its development, registration, accounting and storage.

Normalization involves the use in the construction of the product known and previously designed parts - normals (bolts, nuts, pins, screws, washers, etc...), Which are produced in a wide range on the domestic specialized enterprises or shops companies available working drawings and technological processes .

Typing processes involves the use of standard (previously developed) processes already developed in the production of parts and components. Very often, these processes are more reliable and cheaper as compared to the original (which still need to learn). It also suggests the direction of design and technological continuity, t. E. To maximize the use of existing equipment, equipment, tools and materials.

The use of technology in the preparation of network planning and management of production reduces the cycle of creation and development of new products by more than 15-20%. The complexity of these works also significantly reduces the use of PC, office equipment, workstations and others.

Specialization and cooperation of production units

Despite the diversity of principles, forms and methods of organization

production at enterprises of all sectors of the economy (both in industry and in services) are the leading specialization and co-production units.

Specialization is characterized by stable and limited range of products, manufactured in each production link. Depending on the specific production process of specialization is of several types:

• Technological when every site (shop) is assigned a certain part of the production process (casting, thermal, forging shops);

• objective, when a limited product range is assigned to the individual shops (engine shop, parquet shop, etc...);

• Exploded view, providing consolidation of the production units manufacturing group structurally and technologically homogeneous parts;

• function as auxiliary and service production are isolated into separate units.

Co-operation is based on the specialization of production units and production requires constant communication between them for the supply of semi-finished products, parts, components for the manufacture of the final product.

co-operation has the advantage that, in combination with specialization it promotes the rational use of production capacities, technological progress, increased productivity, the level of organization and working conditions, reduce production costs, raise production efficiency.

At the level of organization of production is influenced by such factors:

• The level of specialization of production (the ratio of, for example, the value of annual production profile to the total production volume produced during the same period);

• The level of co-production (the ratio of the annual volume of components to the total production volume produced during the same period).