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CULTUROLOGY - Gritsenko TB

1.2. Culture yak thing kulturologії

Termіn "culture" like od latinskih slіv "colo", "cultio", scho oznachaє obrobіtok, "colore" - obroblyati, viroschuvati and pіznіshe - to worship the one vshanovuvati bogіv chi predkіv. Until the middle of the I st. to NE tsі words pov'yazuvalisya іz zemlerobskoyu Prace, ale Portsіy Mark Cato (234 -. 149 pp to NE) in svoєmu traktatі "About zemlerobstvo" already Pichet not just about obrobіtok zemlі, but about "obrobіtok okremoї dіlyanki, yak without nemozhliva Especially emotional mood "villager. Postupovo ponyattya "culture" poshiryuєtsya on takі spherical lyudskoї dіyalnostі, yak vihovannya, navchannya, tobto vdoskonalennya samoї Helsinki Human - Mark sheets from Tulіya Cicero (106 -. 43 pp to NE), vіdomih pid titles "Tuskulanskі besіdi" (p 45 . to NE) in vislovі "culture spirit Je fіlosofіya" yshlosya sama about tse. The Epoch Serednovіchchya word "culture" in prodovzhuє vikoristovuvatisya znachennі agricultural virobnitstva ( "agri cultura"), Ale in іnshih areas lyudskogo Butt vono nabuvaє value of "cult" ( "cultus"). In the XVII century. the word "culture" pochinaє vzhivatisya yak samostіyny termіn to the aforesaid spiritual svitu Helsinki Human scho zdatna protistoyati prirodі and cultured єvropeyska Lyudin New o'clock, pochinaє protistavlyatisya "prirodnіy lyudinі passed."

Infect culture - tse folding suspіlny phenomenon scho vіdіgraє velicheznu role at the Helsinki Human zhittєdіyalnostі: Prace, pobut, dozvіllya, sposіb Zhittya yak okremoї individuals, so th usogo suspіlstva, mindset tіsno pov'yazanі s rіvnem rozvitku culture. Culture vplivaє povedіnki the character, the style i FORMS spіlkuvannya people їh svіdomіst, duhovnі require tsіnnіsnі orієntatsії. Rіven culture viznachaє podal-shu share Helsinki Human, tsіl її Zhittya.

Otzhe, culture - tse spetsifіchny sposіb organіzatsії that rozvitku lyudskoї zhittєdіyalnostі, product presentation materіalnoї that duhovnoї pratsі, system sotsіalnih standards i nastanov, spiritual tsіnnostyami, sukupnіstyu vіdnosin people s nature, mіzh him that representations to vlasnoї osobistostі, tse system zhittєvih orієntatsіy sub'єkta .

Culture is the tsivіlіzatsіya

In znachennі "culture" is often vzhivaєtsya ponyattya tsivіlіzatsіya. Tsivіlіzatsіya - tse materіalna culture abo dotsіlna vporyadkovanіst lyudskogo seredovischa.

Ponyattya "culture" vzhivaєtsya:

- To characterize Pevnyi іstorichnih epochs (pervіsna culture, ancient culture, serednovіchna culture іn i t..);

- For specific viznachennya lyudskih spіlnot, nationalities, natsіy (ukraїnska culture, culture plemenі Mayan culture amerikanska toscho);

- For viznachennya spetsifіchnih zhittєdіyalnostі areas (culture pratsі, polіtichna Culture hudozhnya culture), in vuzhchomu znachennі - yak sphere duhovnoї zhittєdіyalnostі people;

- Yak zagalny termіn scho harakterizuє predmetnі result dіyalnostі Helsinki Human: Machines, sporudi, pіznannya result, create Mistetstvo, normalized moralі th i t іn right)...

Pid ponyattyam "culture" rozumіyut lyudskі Sealy th zdіbnostі scho realіzuyutsya in protsesі zhittєdіyalnostі: knowledge vmіnnya, navichki, rіven іntelektu, moral minutes estetichnogo rozvitku, svіtoglyad, zasobi th FORMS spіlkuvannya people.

Ponyattya "tsivіlіzatsіya" (<Latin civilis -. Gromadyanska, Reigning) podekudi vzhivaєtsya yak sinonіm cultures have vuzkomu smislі - materіalnoї culture. In danomu vipadku - tse rіven, stupіn suspіlnogo rozvitku, materіalnoї that duhovnoї culture (antique tsivіlіzatsіya, hristiyanska tsivіlіzatsіya, Suchasna tsivіlіzatsіya).

Tsivіlіzatsіya vinikaє todі, if i nakopichennya materіalnih spiritual and cultural zdobutkіv prizvodyat to neobhіdnostі organіzatsії їh in the system, scho spriyaє poyavі pisemnostі, klasovoї diferentsіatsії suspіlstva, utvorennyu powers, poyavі mіst yak okremih suspіlnih organіzmіv, budіvnitstvu monumental sporud.

The base value ponyattya tsivіlіzatsіya like іz uyavlen starodavnіh grekіv i Romans about perevagi іsnuvannya people for laws th at derzhavі. Power - tse suspіlstvo Where Money Does governed by law, for Yakim live usі people danogo suspіlstva, otzhe, yak stink rozglyadayutsya tsivіlіzovanі, tobto takі scho toil gromadyanskі right th vіdpovіdnі dostoїnstva. People, did not know scho boule i zakonіv pіdporyadkovanі tsarevі, starodavnі Greeks vіdnosili to tsivіlіzovanih, vvazhayuchi scho tsі peoples pozbavlenі such chesnot vіlnoї Helsinki Human, yak muzhnіst, spravedlivіst that lyudska gіdnіst.

Meaning ponyattya "tsivіlіzatsіya" zmіnilosya in the XVIII century., If frantsuzkі materіalіsti-prosvіtitelі steel viznavati tsivіlіzovanimi tіlki suspіlstva, pobudovanі in ambushes Rozum, spravedlivostі th privatnoї vlasnostі. In podalshіy іstorії lyudstva became obvious scho tsivіlіzatsіya time іz culture stanovlyat superechlivu Yednist, vistupayuchi in rolі її funktsіonalnogo pіdrozdіlu: Yakscho culture Yea system smislu lyudskogo Butt, the tsivіlіzatsіya becoming a substantive cultural resources * 5.

* 5: {Gurevich PS Modern Humanities dictionary-reference book. - M .: Olіmp; OOO "Company" Publishing House AST ", 1999. - S. 486-487; Kononenko BI Cultural in terms, concepts, names. - Moscow: Publishing House of the "Shield-M", 2001. - P. 254-255. }

Tsivіlіzatsіya th culture takozh stanovlyat two rіznі zasobi realіzatsії CREATIVE Helsinki Human forces. Yakscho in kulturі truncated materіalne th practicality sluguє spiritual, within the limits tsivіlіzatsії spirit sluguє materіalnomu i practicality. Tsivіlіzatsіya harakterizuєtsya zasobom i rіvnem ovolodіnnya forces of nature and culture in vinikaє rezultatі ovolodіnnya Lyudin svoєї vlasnoї nature. Vіdtvorennya robochoї Sealy, zbіlshennya vіlnogo hour - tse Find our tsivіlіzatsії and vіdtvorennya NKVD structures Helsinki Human Shlyakhov vihovannya th navchannya - Find our culture, її traditsіy, i tsіnnostey standards.