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Фінансове право - Віхров О.П.

Topic 8. LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR A LOAN CREDIT

Plan

1. Understanding and functioning of a sovereign loan.
2. Forms of state internal credit.
3. Laws of Ukraine and other countries and international financial and credit organizations in the state credit.
4. The normative-legal protection of accounts is in the state credit.

1. Understanding and functioning of a sovereign loan

All you get is the Budget Budget, you can get the money from the main, obovozykovogo method zboru fіnansovih resources. However, the cich koshtіv zhodnі domіі v svіtі not vistachaє. Especially the state of deficit of financial resources in perehiodnyi periodi, if the economy of the region is unbalanced. In this way, the state actively vdaetsya takozh up to the method of mobility of groshovyh and materialovyh koshtiv in juridical and phisical osb, based on the principles of benevolence, ringing, payment and stringing. Tse type of financial law is called a sovereign credit.

A sovereign loan is not a loan for ototozhnyuvati with a bank loan. In the remaining vipadku pozichkovy fund vikoristovuyutsya for kredytuvannya pіdpriemstv, set і organizatsіy in the method of avoiding the process of unfolding the widened image and the penning of yogo efektivnosti. Bank loans can be used to protect juridical and phizic individuals. The main share of the bank loan of sovereigns is a productive, vichorostnya poschkovogo fund. Використання крединих ресурсів як капіталу створює умить for repayment of credit and payment for a raunch of money from a vibroprocessed product. With nadanni bankovskom loan in zakosti zabezpechennya, yak rule, vystupayut concrete tsinnosty apartment, the warehouse, uncompleted budivnitsuto, etc.

With the sovereign credit taken in the bog grosovi kosti go to the rasporyadzhennya power, peretvonyuyuchis u її додаткові фінансові ресурси. Stubs are sent, as a rule, to the public budget deficit. Jerel extinguished the sovereign positions and paid interest on them to make the koshti budget. Derzhavny credit, pozhanyaniya z functitsionuvannyam polichnichnyi nadbudovy i rukh budennye koshtiv, vіdobazhaє part fіnansovikh vіdnosin suspilstva. With poschkah koshtiv vstrevoju zabezpechennyam credit vystupaє all Mayno, sho є u її vasnostі, mayno vidpіdnogo teritorіalnії odіnіі chi be-який її income. ALEZE is not spravzhnya, but an outpost is right. In дійсності майнове забезпечення кредитної угоди з боку почальника коштів держави не вказується.

Derzhavny credit є vidnosinami second rozpodilu vartosty gross saspilnogo product і part of the national income. In ob'ekt vidosinon at galuzi of the sovereign credit, the profits of the part of the income and the financial resources are reduced, but they were formed on the basis of the initial rospodil. They are є timchasovo vіlnі groshivі кошти пільлення, підприємств і оргаізацій, not recognized for a flow vzhtiku. Prote for the singing minds of the population and labor collectives, you can intervene a part of the koshtis, confessions for the spouses. In tsikh Vipadkas, the sovereign loan to the credit of the іі і ті кошти, які об'єктивно мали б задовольняти поточ пожиживання або фінансування необхідних виробничих чи соціальних титкків підприємства, але під дією системи інтересів, що перелися в суспільстві, тимчасово вилучені для інших цілей. For the minds of the totalitarian system, the management of the subordination of the interlocutory bizhuchogo spozhivannya may be vidbuvatis, as there is little room in the SRSR, and by virtue of the primus in the side of the power.

It is possible to make a loan in the form of a credit to a bankruptcy of the specialties of the form and hours of income, but to legalize those phisical individuals. The population of the population is postly tamishovno vinyanni groshovi koshti nasampered at zv'yazku zerivnіnimnym oprjadnyamam income for hiring (especially in the galuses and seasonal character virobnitsvva), viplatoyu fees, premiys, vidpuskhnih, uchpadkuvannam і etc. The population is brought to the same extent as the consumers of the need for the purchase of grocery for the purchase of goods in the trivial korostuvannya with a high price for pribdannya, for the personal visit of the health resort sanatorium. Vimusheni zaoschadzhnya ymyazyayutsya that nagromadzhuyutsya in the village takozh і zv'yazku v balansovosovistyu ekonomiki vstavoyu because of this commodity deficit.

Analogic tendencies in the world and in the russia's grotesques of attitudes, the setting of organi- zations. Великі часові розриви між виробництвом товаів та їх реалізацією мутьть мати місце у зв'язку з тривалістю виробничого cycle ov sekondnistyu виробництва. Timshasovo vіlnі fіnansovі sіbіsi y juridichnyh osіb mozhut utloryvatіsіsі and і by virtue of nerіvnіnnіrnostі zdіysnennya large kapіtalovlovku vyrobnitvot sotsіnnu sphere. Timchasovo vіlnim mozut bouti reservenyi fondi pіdpriєmstv. Paralelno before zerostanie efektivnosti suspilnogo vibrobitvtva budut zbilshuvatis y mozmolisti zaluchchennia kostyv pidpriemstv, setting up the organization in the sphere of state credit.

The water hour of the formation of the sovereign credit is not precarious, it is not a matter of the presence of the power consumers in the positively queens of the thymus-like youngsters of the koshtivs of juridical and phisical osibs , of the eco- nomic remedies of the post-war settlement , or of the legal closure of the possible vicissitudes of calling the koshtas into an anchor of credit resources. Tobto for vinnikennya srednavkreditnih vіdnosin neobhydnna just one udovaya legally zabezpechennya.

Suspilnyi vidosinini, scho vinikayut in galuzi sovereign credit, is determined by the folding character and is regulated by the rules of not the financial, ale, or the next law of law. The purpose of the loan is to make sure that the loan is secured, as the sheep of a susceptible livestock, perebuvaet on the stick of two persons. View of grosovi vidnosyn fіnansіv і credit nasa in the family of yak yak one, and іnshih.

Yak lanka fінансової системи він обслуговує формавання і використання центлізованих грошових фонів держави, тобто держажного бюджету та позабюджетних фонів усіх рівнів.

Yak one z vidіv to the loan of the sovereign loan, a number of specialties, the same as in the category of yoga of classic financial categories, for example, for submissions. Yak already vizdnachalos cherche, sverhvniy credit mae kind nature, hoch nekolitsi ts yogo rice rushuyutsya. Yakshto podatki rihayutsya tilki in one straight line from the payer to the budget (the collapsible ruin mozliviy lisha in vipadku perenapchenichi chi pomilkovo tjagnenih sum), then the basis of the sovereign credit є ripostnost і vidplatnist through obzamovleniem zazdalegid period an hour was brought by the creditor of the sum to turn iota with interest.

Тобто фінансові відносини in the sphere of the state credit, but regulate the financial right, lend itself to the driver of the form, function, and repayment of the state borough. Виникають ці відносини в процессеі фінансової діяльності держави. The issue of legal persons is posed in part of the financial resources of the state.

One of the sub-ects of state-owned legal entities, all of them are financial law-related laws, the power of the power is in the authority of the legislature of the vikonavochya vladi, and the other participant is in the law of law, may be a sub-factor of financial law. Power in tsiomu vipadku, naychastishe in osobli, seeks in the anchoring ostyuzhvucha poschkovyh koshtiv and sides, yak pokladyatsya obovyazok turn the bog ta percentity along the line. On the other side vikstuyayut vlasniki poschkovyh kostyv juridicheski t fizichnі sobi lentry.

Tim is not less than all the legal provisions in the credit of the sovereign credit is determined by the current character.

Do not bother with those who are in the cichlism of the visions by the poshevoynik koshtiv і tom є borzhnikom, von in the one-way order vstanovlyuete, and in the future, without vzgodi іnshoїy the parties vzhe vstanovleniі early mozovi sovereign credit: apparently, lines, plannіist, підстави зміни та припинення цих Відносн. Having entered in good faith with the credit of the sovereign credit, having taken upon themselves yogo umovi, in podalshomu juridical and fizichnі individual zobov'yana vikonuvati vsi umovi poziks.

Yak і у всіх kinds of finance law, sub'ecti відносин в галузі державного кредиту неівновноправні, оскільки the basic method of regulating the legal form of відносин виступае method державновладщих приписів. Groshovi koshti, zіbrany power with a sovereign loan, zakladayut derzhavnyi borg. Intrinsic Power Borg ñ the overcrowded baggage of the state for non-extinguishing bulvows of zobovians that non-paid interest on them.

The function of managing the state internal powerhouse is to keep the powers. Between the lines of the law and the law in the sphere of the sovereign credit, in the one-to-one order, it should be installed by the state power.

The fate of legislatures and those vikonavchih agencies in the sovereign power of the richest river, and takozh fіnansovyh і credit agencies in the legal terms of the sovereign credit і їх ролі в цьому закріплені законодавцем України. Statte 85 Konstitutsії Ukraine to viklyuchnih povnovazhen Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine vіdnesenі zatverdzhennya rіshen about nadannya With Ukraine pozik i ekonomіchnoї Relief іnozemnim powers that mіzhnarodnim organіzatsіyam and takozh about Obsession With Ukraine od іnozemnih powers bankіv i mіzhnarodnih fіnansovih organіzatsіy pozik not peredbachenih Reigning budget of Ukraine, zdіysnennya control For ix vikoristanes.

The law of Ukraine is whistling, tobetu is the same as the Verkhovna Radu of Ukraine, the order of utterance and repayment of the state internal and external borgu, the order of the visa and the envelope of the sovereign paperns, the appearance of the typer, are signified.

Kabіnet Mіnіstrіv Ukraine yak body upovnovazheny powers on bezposerednє kerіvnitstvo gospodarskim Zhittya in kraїnі in hodі vsієї svoєї bezposerednoї dіyalnostі i Especially vikonannya Sovereign budget for specific Year stvoryuє minds for zmenshennya require power in the credits, but in hodі pіdgotovki draft Sovereign budget for the following Year obґruntovuє Neobhіdnіst power in credit resources, їх доцільну structure. Do vipadku obeklennya neobhіdnostі derzhavi in ​​loans yak rule, in the Law of Ukraine on the budget of Ukraine on the resources of the posychki resource to receive power in Ukraine.

Крім Кабінету Міністрів України, sub'єктами державнокредитних відносин і відповідні Organizm of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea Крим і місцевого самоврядування.

Zigidno prinnogo legislations of Ukraine sub'ektami pravovidosin in the sphere of state credit є takozh Ministry of Finance of Ukraine and the National Bank of Ukraine. Zokrema, Ministry of Finance of Ukraine in the order, weather-related to the National Bank of Ukraine, governed by the state internal borg. At the time of the end of the year, the Chim borrowed from the structures of the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine. The State Treasury of Ukraine. За до доченченням Кабінету Міністрів України Міністерство фінансів України від його імені розмішує боргові гобов'яяня уряду України і надає гарантії від його імені. Natsіonalny Bank of Ukraine obslugovuє Reigning vnutrіshnіy Borg Ukraine s Relief vsієї bankіvskoї Sistemi Kraina Shlyakhov zdіysnennya operatsіy on rozmіschennyu oblіgatsіy vnutrіshnіh Reigning pozik, іnshih tsіnnih paperіv, їh viplatі repayment is the income on them in viglyadі protsentіv abo in іnshіy formі. The National Bank of Ukraine is buying and selling the goods of the past, the country is empowered.

For fіnansuvannya tіdatkіv for rozmіshchennu, refіnsuvannuyu, виплаті прибутку і прешенний боговиних зобов'яня уряд України у складі Sovereign budget of Ukraine, I speak the fund of the service of the state internal bureau of Ukraine. В цей фонд, згідно статті 8 To the Law of Ukraine "About the state internal borg of Ukraine", to be insured in the territory of the country, in the amount of 50% of the koshti, which is protected by the privatization of the main powers, but also by the insurgents.

In sferі sovereign credit vinikayut not tіlki pravovіdnosini bezposeredno s drive sovereign Borg (vіdnosini mіzh derzhavoyupozichalnikom that її creditors Yurydychna i fіzichnimi individuals), ale th pravovіdnosini, oposeredkovanі bezposeredno funktsіonuvannyam sovereign Borg. Before them nasampered nalezhat pravovіdosini mizh:

А) Кабінетом Міністрів України і National Bank of Ukraine з підприємство підприємня і підприєння credit on підставі відповідних articles Law on the State Budget of Ukraine;

B) Міністерством фінансів України і National bank of Ukraine for the drive of the brainwashing of minds about the procedure of managing the internal Ukraine's bor- ge of Ukraine in accordance with the Statute 6 of the Law of Ukraine "On the internal internal bureau of Ukraine";

c) Supreme Radoyu Ukraine, Ukraine Uryadov i Natsіonalnim Bank of Ukraine s drive pererahuvan koshtіv resursіv Sovereign budget of Ukraine for at kompensatsіyu vitrat rozmіschennyu, refіnansuvannyu, viplatі dohodіv i repayment borgovih zobov'yazan zgіdno stattі 8 Law of Ukraine "About Ukraine Reigning vnutrіshnіy Borg", and Також відповідних articles Law on the State Budget of Ukraine for the implementation of the law and the legislation.

On zagalnoderzhavnomu rivnі derzhavnyi pose, as a rule, to wear non-national character. І навпаки, залучення позичкових коштів on the lower рівнях найчастіше має жакраво виражену цільову спрямованість. Napriklad, organic mіstsevogo samovryaduvannya ostannіm hour nerіdko rozmіschuyut poziki s metoyu mobіlіzatsії koshtіv for budіvnitstva novoї kanalіzatsіynoї Sistemi i chi rozshirennya modernіzatsії staroї kanalіzatsіynoї system for budіvnitstva school, lіkarnі, ob'їznoї road vіdpochinku i park etc.

This is the rank, in the formative dodatkovyh financial resources for the rahonok mobilizatsii timchasovo vinnyh grooshov koshtiv population, pidpriemstv, installation, organisatsiy manifested one side, abo funktsiy, vidosin in the sphere of state credit. Vona at fіansovo-rightful lititerіі дістала shall name fіskalnoї functіії state credit. З допомогою цієї функції здійснюється формавання центлізованих грошових фонів держави.

In the regions with the zinc-wielded economy, the world's positions are the main factor in the financing of budget deficit. Tell me how to say, in everyday compulsions, come on, keep the zwiaders in their positions, become another person in the manner of financing the budget. It remains to clarify the meaningfully shvidim zrostannyam budgetary vidatkiv in portovanyannі із зростанням податкових надходжень. On the other hand, in the US on the cobble of the XX century, the power vichorovated the depres- sion of 8 percent of the country's credit resources, in 1975 it was 21 percent, then in 1991, it was already 40 percent higher. In the case of the Fed, Tsei has a display on the sign of the seventy-strong rockets of the whole table, becoming 53 percent, while ninі is 60 percent.

Фінансування видатків капітального character for rahunok poschkovyh koshtіv in the singing places має positivelyn znachennіya i just from the point of view of the thundering morality. The road is too expensive, the school of public education will not consume consumers of one generation. Чому ж тоді їх будівництво повоно бути paid by stretching dekilokh rockіv for rahunok podatkіv zhih, hto, mozhlivo, naivit not vostigne koristatisya їх iggs? It is much easier, rozumnіshe i іnіvіvіsі pereklasti fіnansuvannya sporrudzhennja such ob'ektіv on vsі pokolіnnya, yakі budut korostustovatsya them. Take prodovzhennya dzherel fіnansuvannya in chasі і забезпечується sham rozmіschennya pokk na vіdpііdіchnyh strings. In the remaining vypadku pokolinnya, scho buduє, napriklad, school, nese analogous fіnansovy tyagar, scho th nadupnі pokolіnnya, for rahunok podatkіv z yakih zakashaetsya yak basic borg, so і percentyu nyomu.

Such a rank, a positive flush of the fiskalnoi function of the credit to the state is in the fact that the tax is levied on the taxpayer's banknotes in the amount of money. Favors, yakі tjagyuyutsya perіod fіnnsuvannya vidatkіv for rahunok sovershennoї pozitsi, not zbіlshuyutsya. And in a protracted vipadka, tse neiminuche bobility. Зате потім, if you repay the loan, you can not pay the taxes for ikh rafting, or for the repayment of interest on the fence.

Favors є basic, ale not диdinim dzherlo fіnnsuvannya vidatkіv, povyazyannyh z obluvovuvannâm і redemption of the state borough. Dzherela fіnnsuvannya tsih vidatkіv to be located in the rectification of the vicarage of koshtiv. In vipadku productive contribution to the mobilization of capital investments, ob'ekt zachatkom yogo ekspluatatsії pochinaє bring pributok, for rakhunok yakogo i mozhashaetsya poska. Nyakogo zostannia podatkovogo tjagarya at ts'omu vypadku not vidbuvaetsya.

At vipadku unproductive vikoristania mobilizovanyh in the result of the powerful positions of capitalists, for the sake of finance for their rakhunok vietnih chi sotsitsialnyh vidatkiv, practical єdinim tsivіlizovanim dzherlo їh pozhashennya stayut podatki neoby novyi pokiki. In podibnyh vipadkah nezrevnanno mensh tsivilizovany priyom pennies credit credit. Розіщення нових державних pozak for extinguish заборговаіі for early vipushchenіmі majestic pozits nаzivаtsya refіnsunuvannіm svernogo borgu.

Stupin 's filing machine, scho to be transferred to інші покоління, to be located in a line, on a certain poshvali koshti, іііd to the value percent, під який вони were being posed. Chim vishche pributkovіst sobstvennosti posings for the investor, tim bilshu part of the taxpayer zhmushena budeya power to send on the extinguished. Chim is the size of the Borgu, the most important is the share of the Koshtis, and the Yogo Oblugovuvannya.

Другою функцією державного кредиту є регулююча функція. Вступаючи в кредитні відносини, держава впливає на стан кредитного обігу, рівень ставок на ринку грошей і капіталів, на виробництво і зайнятість. Свідомо використовуючи державний кредит як інструмент регулювання економіки, держава може проводити необхідну їй фінансову політику.

Таким чином, з юридичної точки зору державний кредит є суспільними відносинами, врегульованими правовими нормами, з приводу акумуляції державою тимчасово вільних грошових коштів юридичних і фізичних осіб на принципах добровільності, строковості та відплатності з метою покриття бюджетного дефіциту, регулювання грошового обігу та інвестування.