Fіlosofіya: mislitelі, іdeї, kontseptsії - Kremen VG

7.6. ANTROPOLOGІCHNE VCHENNYA L. FEYЄRBAHA

• Nіmetskim fіlosofom, yaky Perche pіddav rozgornutіy krititsі method i s system of Hegel materіalіstichnih pozitsіy, CCB Ayudvіg Feyєrbah Andreas (1804-1872 pp.). Fіlosofіya Feyєrbaha - zakonomіrny naslіdok іstorichnih novih minds SSMSC sklalisya in 30- to 40-Bi prophets of the XIX century. in Єvropі Nіmetsky Radical Movement in long-vtrativ natsіonalіstichne zabarvlennya all i bіlshe nabuvav democratic character. In spiritual zhittі Where Money Does Hegel posіdav provіdne encampment, Pocha poshiryuvatisya criticism yogo panlogіzmu. W acted as her romantic F. Schlegel; brati Humboldt; Goethe, yaky i hoch povazhav fіlosofіyu Hegel, ale stavivsya to neї critical; Shellіng, yaky from 1832 p. Sklave novoї system "pozitivnoї" fіlosofії; "Lіvі" gegelyantsі (D. Strauss, B. Bauer) - vіdkritі ateїsti i respublіkantsі.

A. Feyєrbah narodivsya in Rehenberzі, nepodalіk od Nuremberg in sіm'ї vіdomogo lawyer. Zakіnchivshi gіmnazіyu, in 1823, p. embarked on teologіchny Faculty Geydelberzkogo unіversitetu. Nevdovoleny dogmatic ortodoksalnіstyu, pereїzhdzhaє to Berlіna de sluhaє lektsії Hegel. Pіslya zakіnchennya unіversitetu in 1828 p. in Erlangenskomu unіversitetі Zahist disertatsіyu, vitrimanu in dusі gegelіvskogo іdealіzmu. Pіslya Zahist becoming assistant professor of railway Erlangenskogo unіversitetu. In 1830, p. Feyєrbah anonіmno publіkuє tvіr "Dumka about death i immortality" Where Money Does zaperechuє іdeyu dushі immortality. Authorship Bulo vstanovleno, book konfіskovano and Feyєrbaha Bulo pozbavleno vikladati rights. Ale vіn not zalishaє naukovoї dіyalnostі. In tritomnіy pratsі s іstorії fіlosofії XVII century. Velika uwagi pridіlyaє materіalіstichnіy fіlosofії, Visoko otsіnyuє її vnesok in rozvitok naukovoї pillows. In 1836, p. Feyєrbah odruzhuєtsya i vprodovzh 25 rokіv postіyno prozhivaє in selі bruckberg, de yogo squad has been viewed spіvvlasnitseyu nevelikoї farforovoї factory. In 1859 r. Factory zbankrutuvala, i Feyєrbah pereselivsya to Rechenberg, de provіv ostannі Rocky Zhittya in velikіy skrutі. The basic Prace A. Feyєrbaha - "Sutnіst Christianity."

His tvorchіst Feyєrbah pochinaє іdealіst yak, i prihilnik Hegel's doctrine Ale nadrukovana in 1839 p. Prace "Before fіlosofії criticism of Hegel 'svіdchit about Yogo RPPOs s prihilnikami Hegel (" lіvimi "Hegelian) i perehіd on pozitsії materіalіzmu th ateїzmu. In pratsі "Dumka about death i immortality" just past about love - i Earth's heavenly, divine i lyudsku. Immortal, Pichet Feyєrbah, Mauger Buti tіlki God, ale God Je amour, i lyublyacha Lyudin prichetna to God. Bіblіya - not vіchna mudrіst and vsogo deprivation epіzod in "eposі lyudstva"; spravzhnє "word of God" mіstit vsesvіtnya Istoria. Feyєrbah not viznaє іndivіdualnogo immortality, Lyudin dosyagaє yogo tіlki in tvorchostі.

Kritikuyuchi Hegel vіn talk about sporіdnenіst yogo vchennya s teologієyu, svіdchennya ago - nayavnіst odnakovih kategorіy Tse zumovleno abstraguvannyam i nadіlennyam samostіynoї FORMS іsnuvannya lyudskoї sutnostі naybіlsh zagalnimi vlastivostyami lyudskogo genus, such yak Rozum, immortality, mogutnіst, good. God - ob'єktivovana abstraction, yak іsnuє deprivation in people's minds. In svіdomostі zdіysnyuєtsya coup dіysnih vіdnoshen, i dіysny Creator God - Lyudin - staє fallow od Demba. Zi zbіlshennyam atributіv, pripisa-

"Aogіka tіlki to move in nature, scho mislyachy sub'єkt pose logіkoyu nashtovhuєtsya on bezposerednє Butt, on the nature, i potrebuє viznannya її zavdyaki bezposerednіy, tobto prirodnіy tochtsі Zora. Do not Bulo b Nature - nіkoli logіka, tsya blemish dіva not target used її s Statement. "

A Feyєrbah

They Bogovі all bіdnіshoyu staє Lyudin, oskіlki OAO All tsі attributes Won vіdnіmaє od itself. Otzhe, Feyєrbah pragne vіdroditi in lyudinі neobhіdnіst samostverdzhennya i gіdnostі. The I tse mozhlivo on yogo Dumka, tіlki on osnovі materіalіstichnogo svіtoglyadu.
Sam Feyєrbah vіdmovlyaєtsya vikoristovuvati ponyattya "materіya", "materіalіzm" through іsnuyuche in suspіlnіy svіdomostі negatively to these representations. Zamіst ponyattya "materіya" vіn vikoristovuє ponyattya "nature". Tom nayіmovіrnіshe yogo svіtoglyad mozhna nazvati "naturalіzmom".

• Feyєrbah vіdstoyuє in svoїy fіlosofії antropologіchny principle. Sutnіst yogo in fact dwellers zavdyaki lyudinі zvesti all to imply a supernatural nature, i zavdyaki prirodі all nadlyudske zvesti to Helsinki Human, spirayuchis on іstorichnі that empіrichnі butt. In tsentrі fіlosofії guilty znahoditisya yak Person of nayvigtsa іstota nature. Zvіdsi yogo tverdzhennya scho lyudska іstota materіalіzmom Je ni, ni іdealіzmom, fіzіologієyu ni, ni psihologієyu, Won -lishe antropologіya.

Sutnіst Helsinki Human, Feuerbach - tse Person of itself, specifically іndivіd. Іgnoruyuchi sotsіalno Natural sutnіst Helsinki Human Feuerbach aktsentuє uwagi on її prirodnіy sutnostі. Got іstotnih Person of three principles: Rozum, will and heart with very.

Look Zaperechuyuchi klasikіv nіmetskogo іdealіzmu on the Helsinki Human problem, yak yak traktuvalasya nasampered spiritual іstota, Feyєrbah a new osmislyuє ponyattya sub'єkta. Vіn for Feuerbach - not "absolute spirit", not "svіtovy Rozum" and real tsіlіsna Lyudin in єdnostі її tіlesnih i yakostey spirituality. "I" Feuerbach - not just spiritually i mislyachy cob and Lyudin, nadіlena tіlom i mislyachoyu head, real іstota s usіma prostorovo-hour performance, zavdyaki chomu zdatna spoglyadati i misliti.

Suttєvoyu characteristics sub'єkta in sistemі Feuerbach Je chuttєvіst. Vaughn - is synthetic, uzagalnyuyucha characteristic antropologіchnih vlastivostey "Helsinki Human Nature" її tіlesnostі, Rozum, Volya, "insertions". Chuttєvіst rozglyadaєtsya not yak i bezposerednya is natural, and yak oposeredkovana spіlkuvannyam s іnshoyu Lyudin. Sutnіst Christianity polyagaє TER at pochuttі, experiences Іndivіd, vіdіrvany od nature, іnshih people od suspіlstva, Je ob'єktom hristiyanskoї relіgії. Naspravdі vіdnoshennya i Helsinki Human Nature oposeredkovuєtsya vіdnoshennyam to Helsinki Human Helsinki Human. Same in sferі mіzhlyudskogo spіlkuvannya i zdіysnyuєtsya realіzatsіya Lyudin svoєї rodovoї sutnostі. In hodі spіlkuvannya i spіlnoї dіyalnostі sub'єkta chastkovі viznachennya lyudskoї Nature zdatnі pіdnіmatisya to vsezagalnih ob'єktivnih viznachen; at the same hour іndivіdualne Zhittya, poєdnuyuchis іz childbirth, utvoryuє tsіlіsnіst lyudskih zdіbnostey. Tobto Lyudin, vikonuyuchi "funktsії old" peretvorila sutnіsnі Sealy vsogo lyudstva, cultural products on svoї vlasnі zhittєvі Sealy on tsіlіsnіst svoїh zdіbnostey.

Pozitsіya Feuerbach yak ateїsta polyagaє in vіdstoyuvannі relіgії without God, relіgії Helsinki Human lyubovі to Helsinki Human. Lyubov Je unіversalnim Law Rozum i i nature to blame for Buti Persha nayvischim i Helsinki Human law. Lyudinі Person of God - such nayvischa practical pershoosnova, Taqiy i turning point vsesvіtnoї іstorії. Feyєrbah, obozhestvlyayuchi prostі Zakoni lyudskoї spіlnostі that moralnostі, pragne s tsієї gumanіstichnoї pozitsії uporyadkuvati lyudske suspіlstvo lead yogo to Happiness. Same to etika Feyєrbaha - evdemonіzm, tobto vchennya, yak obґruntovuє pragnennya to Happiness.

• A Feyєrbah nalezhit to quiet mislitelіv, SSMSC not target rozgornutoї Sistemi poglyadіv, pіdgotuvali ґrunt away for Ruhu teoretichnoї pillows. Golovna merit Feyєrbaha - criticism іlyuzornih forms svіdomostі - іdealіzmu relіgії i - i stverdzhennya realnoї Helsinki Human yak konkretnoї іndivіdualnostі.