Філософія: мислителі, ідеї, концепції - Kremen V.G.

9.2. EMPIRIKOCTITIZM E. MAHA І R. AVENARIUS

• At the friend's half of the XIX century. To form a "different" positive attitude, abo empiric criticism. To a friend pokolinya nazivayut makhistami abo empiricriotikami. Znachennya ponimaetta "empiricriticism" - the phrase of a critical dossier. Vidatnim predstavnikom empiricriticism - Ernst Mach (1838-1916), the Austrian philosopher and philosopher. Mach vvazhal, scho in the basics of all appearances lie the fact of the sensible svitu, vidchuttya. Vonyi ob'eduzhitsya mіzh themselves nayrіznomannіtіshim ranks, and they pov'azuyutsya mood, pobuttya, viyavi voli. Повсякчасні та сталі відчуття закарвуться в пам'яті і виражаються засобами мови.

The first complex vidchuttiv, abo til, - tso-kori, toni tochno, pozhyazany mizh themselves functionally prostorovimi that hourly characteristics.

Other complex abo "I" - nastroї, pochuttya, spogadi, pov'yazanі s Especially, zhivim tіlom not tіla viklikayut vіdchuttya, and the complex rіznih elementіv, complexes vіdchuttіv utvoryuyut tіla. Vidchuttya abo "elementi" Mach vvazhaet neutral, stink not nelyat nih to phizic (ob'ektivoy), ni to psihichnoi (sub'ektivoy) spheres. Ці елементи повинні забезпечити безперервний перехід від фиізичного до психічного in the framework of єдиного знання. Vigodachi zyotogo, Mach namagavsya rethink the basic category of science. Takі ponyattya, yak force masa, Prostir hour, prichinnіst toscho, vіn vvazhav viznachennyami kompleksіv vіdchuttіv that їh funktsіonalnih zv'yazkіv, SSMSC vіdpovіdayut Pevnyi bodies preformed vіdpovіdno to bіologіchnih required. Пізнання людини підкоряється the principle of "economical mission". Meta science - "clean descriptions" of facts in the sensitive spriteattya, to some pristosovuyutsya dumka.

• The columnist and odnodumtsem E. Maha buv Swiss philosopher Rihard Avenarius (1843-1896). Vіn rozrobiv teachings about "printsipovu koordinatsіyu" ( "Absent without sub'єkta ob'єkta i without ob'єkta Absent sub'єkta") zgіdno s Yakima zaperechuєtsya ob'єktivna realnіst scho іsnuє pose mezhami nashoї svіdomostі. Tobto all yavishcha, yakі vivchayutsya (ob'ekti), iosnuyut not inakashe yak koordinatії z sub'ektom. For the people, there is a lot of sense to ask for the order of the subject of an unrelieved image. Yakscho vi rozmezhovuєte ob'єkt i sub'єkt then neminuche vinikaє Problematic power about itself mozhlivіst pіznannya ob'єkta, tobto sub'єkt pіznaє myself i tim himself - svoє otochennye.

"Other" positivism zareperchuvav zv'yazok science znannya z obektivnoyu dіysnistyu. Z yogo point of view, inconceivably vidiliti be-yaku naukovu concept on the basis of that, naskilki vona vіdbiyeva, viddzerkalyu real. In zv'yazku s CIM Bulo visunuto principle ekonomії mislennya, zgіdno s Yakima potrіbno vibirati teorіyu, yak nayprostіshe opisuє vіdchuttya - vihіdny materіal Naukova pіznannya.

• Otzhe, Yakscho «Persha" klasichny pozitivіzm ogoloshuvav Positive Naukova knowledge Cauterets opiraєtsya on dosvіd, i vtrachav pozadosvіdne, metafіzichne knowledge, the "other" pozitivіzm already vseredinі Naukova Znannya znahodit pozitivnі termіni, SSMSC toil value and porozhnі, fіktivnі ponyattya pіdlyagayut Suuneniu in the sphere of science.

"At our hour of the fizik of zmusheny zamatisya fіlоofіkimi problems, it is much more bіlsh, nіzh was brought to the fizikam of the alternate generations. Until the end of the world, the science of science ".

A. Einstein