Fіlosofіya: mislitelі, іdeї, kontseptsії - Kremen VG

11.2. "DІYSNE" the I "NEDІYSNE" Butt M. GAYDEGGERA

Zasnovnikom Suchasnyj ekzistentsіalіzmu vvazhayut nіmetskogo fіlosofa Martіna Gaydeggera (1889-1976 pp.). Vihіd at Yogo's World pratsі "Butt i h" in 1927 p. privernuv uwagi wide kіl fіlosofіv that іntelіgentsії in Zahіdnіy Єvropі staging nayvazhlivіshih power Svoge hour; about іstorіyu that іstorichnіst, about Lyudin, її share її reaktsіyu on Suchasnyj, nezrozumіly i trivozhny's World. Gaydegger namagaєtsya usvіdomiti yogo in fіlosofski. The brainchild fіlosofa polyagaє in fact dwellers zrozumіti іstorіyu that іstorichnіst Helsinki Human in a new way i dati їm "ontologіchne" tlumachennya.

Grasp the base fenomenologіchny method Husserl, Gaydegger for vihіdny time usogo іsnuyuchogo bere lyudske іsnuvannya. Fіlosof vvazhaє: nіscho suttєve, Helsinki Human krіm not Knows about his skіnchennіst, mortality rate, i to tіlki їy vіdoma timchasovіst and her s i sama Butt. Zavdannya polyagaє in fact dwellers Vivest samosvіdomіst Helsinki Human Zi method of Helsinki Human Butt, tobto s її skіnchennostі, abo h "ekzistentsії".

The structure lyudskogo Butt in yogo yak tsіlіsnostі Items marked "Turbota". Vaughn becoming Yednist troh momentіv: "Butt-in-svіtі", "zabіgannya upered" i "Butt-at-vnutrіshnosvіtovomu-іsnuyuchomu".

In Persha momentі pіdkreslyuєtsya nerozrivnіst lyudskogo Butt svitu i, i sub'єktivnogo ob'єktivnogo. "Butt-in-svіtі" - tse vnutrіshnє, aprіorne viznachennya Helsinki Human.

"Zabіgannya upered" - tse vіdmіnnіst lyudskogo Butt od whether yakogo nayavnogo, subject Butt: take h tsogo side lyudske Butt "Yea, those scho vono not Yea" oskіlki postіyno "unikaє" Me, "zabіgaє upered" i, so rank, Je zavzhdi mozhlivіstyu. Tsei time "Turbota" nazivaєtsya "project". Lyudske Butt - Butt tse, yak samoproektuєtsya zavzhdi in descho bіlshe, nіzh vono Je in qiu Mit. Tim himself is staying in vono not tіy tochtsі expanse i in addition punktі "fіzichnogo" hour Where Money Does Mauger perebuvati lyudske tіlo; Butt Helsinki Human sphere - tse іstorichnіst, de hour rozglyadaєtsya in tsіlіsnostі yogo troh Components Connection.

Tretіy moment "Turbota" -tse spetsifіchny sposіb representation yak to speeches to suputnikіv in Helsinki Human vіdvedenomu їy chasі. Іntimne representations to rechі yak to chogos blizkogo, zіgrіtogo lyudskim warm, yak vzaєmno vіdda

"Mislennya otrimuє his sutnіst - spriynyattya - s Butt suschogo. Butt suschogo oznachaє prisutnіst prisutnogo, nayavnіst nayavnogo ".

M. Gaydegger

єtsya lyudinі ago Gaydegger protistavlyaє Suchasnyj sposobovі "manіpulyuvannya" speeches rozumієtsya yak "sirovina" at Money Does Retschow ear that "tehnіka".

Cutaneous s troh rozglyanutih momentіv "Turbota" becoming Pevnyi "modus" hour, "Butt-in-svіtі" Je modus passed, "zabіgannya upered" - modus maybutnogo and "Butt-at-vnutrіshnosvіtovomu-іsnuyuchomu" - modus sogodnіshnogo. Tsі three modes vzaєmno pronikayut one in one i skladayut єdiny phenomenon "Turbota". Modus hour suttєvo vіdrіznyayutsya od troh vimіrіv "ob'єktivnogo" hour: modus passed vistupaє in Gaydeggera yak "faktichnіst" abo zakinutіst; modus sogodnіshnogo - yak "zalezhnіst speeches"; modus maybutnogo - yak "project", scho postіyno vplivaє us. In tsomu aspektі ekzistentsіalny Plin hour yde not passed to od maybutnogo and navpaki.

Lyudske Butt buvaє nedіysnim i dіysnim. Nedіysne Butt - tse perevaga momentіv sogodnіshnogo, zavdyaki chomu "svit speeches" zakrivaє od Helsinki Human її skіnchennіst, lyudske Butt povnіstyu "poglinaєtsya" Subject abo sotsіalnim seredovischem i Mauger yak rozglyadatis rіch. Butt Nedіysne not mozhna usunuti nіyakimi peretvorennyami seredovischa. Traditsіyne rozumіnnya Helsinki Human bazuvalosya on the Helsinki Human tlumachennі for analogієyu s speeches s focus on her zabuttі svoєї skіnchennostі, іstorichnostі, timchasovostі. Vinikaє so titles ob'єktivny looking at osobistіst at Money Does її Mauger Buti povnіstyu zamіneno into another osobistіst. Tse stvoryuє phenomenon "serednoї" prostoї, peresіchnoї Helsinki Human zamіst spravzhnoї, dіysnoї Helsinki Human. Tobto mi maєmo cope s "nіvelovanoyu іndivіdualnіstyu", yak Hoca Buti "with such a yak INSHI" and not themselves, not Hoca "vidіlyatisya 's masi, i won not Mauger Buti vіdpovіdalnoyu for svoї vchinki.

Dіysne Butt in Gaydeggera vistupaє yak usvіdomlennya Lyudin svoєї іstorichnostі, skіnchennostі i freedom. Vono dosyagaєtsya tіlki "smertі from before." Analіz tsogo will rozkrivaє, zgіdno s Gaydeggerom, nayglibshі taєmnitsі lyudskogo іsnuvannya i peretvoryuє vіdchuzhennya yak fact "nedіysnogo" іsnuvannya on vіdchuzhennya yak "dіysnіst".

Gaydegger vvazhav scho nedіysne іsnuvannya bezosobistіsne: vono prihovuє od Helsinki Human її prirechenіst. "Serednya" Person of - faceless, but that does not Knows smertі, yak Yea obov'yazkovo osobistіsnim pitched. Ale for Person of virivaєtsya mezhі nedіysnogo іsnuvannya, vіdchuvshi "ekzistentsіalny fear." Tsei fear - not culated ochіkuvannya chogos particular; in osnovі svoїy - tse fear smertі, yaky rozkrivaє before Lyudin nova perspective - death. Visuvayuchi іdeyu smertі, Gaydegger vvazhaє scho єdiny zasіb virvatisya Zi spherical budennostі that zvernutisya to the currently - tse podivitisya in ochі smertі, kraynoї mezhі, postavlenoї whether Money Does lyudskomu іsnuvannyu. Oskіlki іsnuє nesumіsnіst suspіlnih vіdnosin i Svobody lyudskoї osobistostі, Gaydegger proponuє vihіd in usvіdomlennі bezvihіdnostі tsogo encampments, tobto tragіchnostі Butt.

In zaklyuchny perіod svoєї tvorchostі Gaydegger kritikuє Suchasnyj Yomou іndustrіalne suspіlstvo, Money Does protistavlyaє patrіarhalnі FORMS sotsіalnogo arrange. Vіn rekomenduє "prisluhatis to Butte" Yakscho i "voice Butt" bude pochuto, the "konkretnі rіshennya" will come samі him. The share of deposits lyudstva od of naskіlki vono zmozhe rotate to Pochatkova, ale not realіzovanih mozhlivostey єvropeyskoї culture, її Cradle - dosokratіvskoї that doparmenіdіvskoї Gretsії, if not slit Butt pіddavalosya zabuttyu. Tacke Povernennya mozhlive. Nezvazhayuchi to those scho Suchasnist "Zabul Butt" vono all slit Givet in lonі culture - in movі, yak Yea yogo Zhitlo, i deprivation slіd "prisluhatisya" to neї, figure out їy zmogu sound dwellers pochuti those scho Suchasna Lyudin zovsіm rozuchilasya sluhati.

We acted as Gaydeggera ostannіh rokіv panuyut motivates romantichnoї criticism tehnіchnogo Progreso that pragnennya priєdnatisya to not vіdchuzhenoї od Helsinki Human Nature, yak vіn pov'yazuvav s іdealіzatsієyu dosokratіvskoї antichnostі.