Fіlosofіya: mislitelі, іdeї, kontseptsії - Kremen VG

15. Relіgіyna fіlosofіya

Relіgіyna fіlosofіya nalezhit to traditsіonalіstsko th, dogmatic mislennya type. However ruslі relіgіynoї pillows narodzhuyutsya fіlosofskі vchennya, SSMSC spravlyayut great i trivaly vpliv on lyudsku culture. Ozbroyuyuchi relіgіynu svіdomіst іdeyami, arguments tsіnnіsnimi uyavlennyami, relіgіynі fіlosofi Stavan vplivovimi mislitelyami. Dinamіchne sogodennya rozvіnchuє zastiglі, zakostenіlі FORMS mislennya, pokazuє neefektivnіst sprob vikoristati relіgіyu yak traditsіynu spirituality The Weapon. Prote shirokі Cola people SSMSC tsіkavlyatsya fіlosofskoyu perspective, i Zi spіvchuttyam rozumіnnyam zustrіchayut pragnennya onoviti relіgіynu fіlosofіyu. Pereorієntatsіya "modernіstskih" unorthodox relіgіynih fіlosofіv polyagaє not ofіtsіynomu pereglyadі dogmas and umovnomu nemovbi vіdokremlennі fіlosofії od teologії. Not pereglyadayuchi traditsіynoї "ієrarhії problems" suchasnі relіgіynі fіlosofi visuvayut at center svoїh doslіdzhen sotsіalnі, etichnі, antropologіchnі power. Naybіlshoyu mіroyu do updates torknulo problemi vzaєmovіdnoshennya relіgії, relіgіynoї fіlosofії that science. Viznaєtsya scho zavdyaki nautsі that tehnіtsі in Suchasnyj svіtі vzhe zdіysneno dokorіnnі peretvorennya. Together s note the great significance Got critique of science, yak buvaє dosit vluchnoyu that perekonlivoyu, Especially if mova yde about inhumane vikoristannya Naukova dosyagnen. Pose note relіgіyna fіlosofіya all Shirshov th aktivnіshe administered in colo svoїh nutritional problems pіznannya, Naukova rozvitku, Helsinki Human, suspіlstva.

Klyuchovі words

neotomіzm, modernіzm, ієrarhіya, dematerіalіzatsіya, teologіya, good, hristiyansky evolyutsіonіzm, kosmorozvitok "zhittєvy poriv" emotsіyna іntuїtsіya, іntersub'єktivnіst

15.1. Yednist VІRI knowledge in the I NEOTOMІZMІ

"People do not rozdіlyayut class and spirit - that Ruhu rozvitku".

P. Teilhard de Chardin

Naybіlsh vplivovoyu relіgіyno-fіlosofskoyu techієyu suchasnostі Je neotomіzm. Pribіchniki tsogo directly nazivayut svoє vchennya "vіkovіchnoyu fіlosofієyu" oskіlki Won syagaє 700 lіtnoї davnini. Theoreticity foundation neotomіzmu serve scholastic fіlosofіya "Angelic Doctor" Tom Akvіnskogo tomіzm saint (1225-1274 pp.), Yaky target bogoslovsko-fіlosofsku system vikoristavshi arіstotelіzm for obґruntuvannya ta Zahist katolitskogo vіrovchennya. Vlasnyi neotomіzm sformuvavsya in the 70 pp. XIX century. pid vplivom rіshen the I Vatikanskogo Cathedral (1869-1870 pp.). Pіslya cathedral in 1879 p. in entsiklіtsі Papi Lev XIII fіlosofіyu Tom Akvіnskogo Bulo progolosheno єdino іstinnoyu.

The foundation usієї neotomіstskoї (i tomіstskoї) pobudovi serve postulate about garmonіynu Yednist vіri i knowledge, at the right SSMSC pіdhodі dopovnyuyut odne one. Tse did not antipodes, but two dzherela one stream, two and Roads, scho lead to odnієї methylation. Dzherelo vіri - Divine odkrovennya, to іstini Yogo - bezumovnі, absolyutnі. Dzherelo ratsіonalnogo pіznannya - lyudsky Rozum, i SOCA all Yogo Yogo nedoskonalіst not slіd vіdkidati. Ale for svoєyu by nature vіn neminuche kіntsevy, obmezheny, i do not zavzhdi on Demba mozhna poklast. Tіlki odkrovennya vіdkrivaє us taєmnitsі Butt, nedostupnі for Rozum.

In rozroblennі ontologіchnih problems theorists neotomіzmu spirayutsya on nastanovi, traditsіynі for arіstotelіvsko-tomіstskoї traditsії. Ontologіya neotomіzmu Got vihіd in teorіyu tsіnnostey. Vaughn buduєtsya so scho serve obґruntuvannyam gnoseologіchnoї, antropologіchnoї, etichnoї, sotsіokulturnoї, іstorіosofskoї perspective, yak dіstaє spetsifіchnu statement that virіshennya in neotomіzmі.

Demonstruyuchi poslіdovnu prihilnіst to kreatsіonіstskogo svіtorozumіnnya (vchennya about Creation svitu imply a supernatural іstotoyu), theorists neotomіzmu stverdzhuyut, scho in osnovі vsogo sutnіsnogo znahoditsya Yednist pure divine Butt, yak porodzhuє bagatomanіtnіst creation. Divine Butt traktuєtsya yak Takeo, scho not Mauger Buti virazhene s Relief understand i kategorіy. Vono fіksuєtsya deprivation spetsifіchnimi nad kategorіalnimi viznachennyami - transtsendentalіyami. Pong - rіznomanіtnі "faces" of God, to yakih nalezhat Yednist, іstina, good, beauty. So rank, vihіdnomu item Bogovі, pritamanna tsіnnіsna orієntatsіya.

Nature's World Stvoreny i takozh culture nadіlyaєtsya tsіnnіsnimi vimіrami. Yednist God polyagaє in fact scho vіn Yea i sutnіst, i іsnuvannya. In sferі stvorenogo Butt іsnuvannya poperedzhaє sutnіst, podarovanu God. Even Tom Akvіnsky vvazhav, scho in rozumі Creator prisutnі sutnіsnі zrazki - a form of speech. Suchasnі pribіchniki tomіzmu uspadkovuyut qiu tezu, ale nadayut їy ekzistentsіalnogo zabarvlennya. Otzhe, God's World іz target nіchogo, zabezpechuє Yomou Vlasnyi ekzistentsіalnu povnotu th vodnochase buduє yogo vіdpovіdno to Pevnyi sutnіsnih zrazkіv.

Ekzistentsіalnu іnterpretatsіyu zv'yazku divine Butt is the realm of creation rozpochali E. Zhіlson i J. Marіten. Won in Sogodnі zagalnopriynyata neotomіzmі, i sama TAKE tlumachennya zv'yazku Creator is the role of creation vikonuє zasobu kreatsіonіstskih іdey do updates. Rіznomanіtnіst stvorenogo Butt іnterpretuєtsya s Relief іdeї gіlemorfіzmu. Specific cutaneous utvorennya - substantsіya rozglyadaєtsya yak Takeo, scho s skladaєtsya materії that duhovnoї form. Materіya vistupaє yak deyake Passive beginning scho potrebuє for svoєї aktualіzatsії nayavnostі form. Nayvazhlivіshoyu risoyu rіznomanіtnogo stvorenogo svitu Je yogo ієrarhіchne uporyadkuvannya. Yogo stupenі: pershomaterіya, neorganіchna nature, Roslyn svit, svit tvarin, Lyudin, angelіv kingdom ( "Clean Duhіv").

Neotomіzm progoloshuє іsnuvannya analogії God i yogo Creation Creator protilezhny svitu, ale yogo tvorіnnya daє zmogu Pevnyi mіroyu to judge about Demba itself. analogії principle Butt supports traditsіynih dokazіv Butt God.

Pomіrno-realіstichnі Akvіnskogo Look Tom, SSMSC peredbachali on au-Perche, nayavnіst forms of speech in rozumі God їh vtіlennya in kіntsevih

"Fundamental characteristics lyudskoyu postaє Turbota about Sens Butt: її svіdoma realіzatsіya robit Lyudin relіgіynoyu".

P. Tіllіh

"Hristiyansky fіlosof guilty peredusіm zdіysniti vibіr mіzh fіlosofskimi problems zoseredzhuyuchis at Perche Cherga on s quiet them, SSMSC pobyazanі s yogo relіgіynim life".

E. Zhіlson

utvorennyah svitu sutnostey yak i, in other words, іsnuvannya forms in viglyadі abstraktsіy in Helsinki Human іntelektі, stanovlyat base transition od neotomіstskoї ontologії to vchennya neotomіzmu about pіznannya.

In neotomіzmі rozrіznyayutsya Dvi іstini: ontologіchna i logіchna. Ontologіchna іstina - result vіdpovіdnostі rechі іntelektualnomu brainchild of God. Logіchna іstina pov'yazana s pіznavalnoyu dіyalnіstyu Helsinki Human scho Got vlastivostі sub'єktivnostі. Zgіdno s gnoseologієyu neotomіzmu, Leather materіalny ob'єkt Mauger rozglyadatisya s rіznih tochok Zora, tobto postavati yak formally ob'єkt Yakimov tsіkavitsya sub'єkt scho yogo pіznaє. Such pozitsіya daє mozhlivіst rozumіti rіznomanіtnі look, rіznі pіdhodi, rіznі otsіnki one of the first railway ob'єkta takі yak, scho vzaєmodopovnyuyut odne one. Napriklad, empіrichne rozumіnnya, Naukova doslіdzhennya, relіgіyno-fіlosofske tlumachennya, bogoslovske Buchan not viklyuchayut odne one vzaєmodopovnyuyut ale.

Pіznannya in neotomіzmі harakterizuєtsya yak processes dematerіalіzatsії zmіstu, obsession with sub'єktom vіdobrazhennі realnostі. Zavdannya pіznannya - "vіdchistiti" those scho pіznaєtsya, od materіalnogo. In protsesі pіznannya (protsesі dematerіalіzatsії zmіstu) take fate rіznі zdatnostі lyudskoї dushі, Sereda yakih vidіlyayutsya Dvi golovnі "pіznavalnі form" chuttєvogo order that іntelekt. "Pіznavalnі form" chuttєvogo order in their Cherga, rozrіznyayutsya for rіvnem uzagalnenostі that Je visnovkom funktsіonuvannya sukupnostі zovnіshnіh i vnutrіshnіh pochuttіv. Vishcha pіznavalna zdatnіst, active іntelekt zdіysnyuє obrobku

chuttєvih obrazіv i lead to utvorennya "pіznavalnih forms" vischogo order - to understand.

Vazhlive Location vіdvoditsya power about Yednist i bagatogrannіst lyudskogo pіznannya. Tsіlіsnіst lyudskogo Znannya postaє in gnoseologії neotomіzmu yak taka, scho volodіє deyakoyu ієrarhіchnoyu Budova, scho not superechit

"Person of, scho Got vіru, zvіlnyaєtsya od obtyazhlivih Figure іsnuvannya that postaє spravdі relіgіynoyu Square od prinalezhnostі to tієї chi іnshoї church-relіgіynoї konfesії".

R. Bultmann

odkrovennyu vіri. Vidіlyayutsya two tipi pіznavalnoї dіyalnostі: spoglyadalno-theoretical nature that practical-pіznavalna. For spoglyadalno-teoretichnoї dіyalnostі harakternі three naukovі example. Before Perche nalezhat prirodoznavstvo that fіlosofіya nature. Prirodnichі science deprivation fіksuyut i poyasnyuyut empіrichny materіal, empіrichnі phenomenon. Fіlosofіya Nature pretenduє on deyaky svіtoglyadny synthesis the name of science, spirayuchis on pevnі ratsіonalnі principles. Others - stosuєtsya mathematics, knowledge about Chistu Quantity and tretіy - nalezhit metafіzitsі, yak analіzuє ratsіonalnі Principi is a problem sutnіsnogo, іstotnogo.

Prior practical-pіznavalnoї dіyalnostі nalezhit teologіya, yak yak traktuєtsya Yednist pіznavalnogo is the practical representation to svitu. Prior practical, nebayduzhogo pіznannya nalezhat takozh morality Mistetstvo i gumanіtarnі distsiplіni. Above them stand relіgіyna etika, relіgіyna estetika, relіgіyna fіlosofіya іstorії that the Branch INSHI fіlosofskogo knowledge. OOO All stink zaymayut pіdlegle encampment stosovno metafіziki that teologії, otzhe, zalezhnі od odkrovennya vіri.

In Suchasnyj neotomіzmі digit poshirennya Nabeul tendentsіya antropologіzatsії; її pіdtrimuє Іoann Pope Paul II, profesіyny fіlosof, yaky slit in the 70 Ti Rocky XX century. wrote "Dіyucha osobistіst". Lyudin in antropologії neotomіzmu mislitsya foldable substantsіya yak, scho podіlyaєtsya on prostі Dvi - i tіlo soul. Soul - formotvorchy stosovno tіla principle. Soul - the basis osobistostі. Tіlesne beginning pov'yazuєtsya s іndivіdualnіstyu. Unіversalnoyu metoyu that Sens Svoge іsnuvannya vvazhaє spoglyadannya Person of the divine blessing. Person of keruєtsya in svoїh dіyannyah Pevnyi "natural law." Tsei law zaklikaє osobistіst tvoriti good second Unikat evil. Pragnuchi to good to good, osobistіst zdobuvaє on tsomu high road sukupnіst іntelektualnih morally good teologіchnih i-causality. On kultivuvannya, rozvitok Tsikh dobrochinnostey i guilty Buti spryamovane suspіlne Zhittya people.

Velika uwagi pridіlyaєtsya problemі tvorchoї aktivnostі Helsinki Human, zavdyaki yakіy vibudovuєt

"Іsnuvannya osobistostі peredbachaє іsnuvannya God tsіnnіst osobistostі peredbachaє Verkhovna tsіnnіst God. Yakscho Absent God yak dzherela nadosobistih tsіnnostey, the Absent i tsіnnostі osobistostі, Je deprivation іndivіduum, pіdlegly generic natural life ".

M. Berdyaєv

Xia cultural іstorichny's World. Jerel tvorchoї aktivnostі Helsinki Human, її postіynogo samoviznachennya Je transtsendentsіya. Won Je Pochatkova spryamuvannyam Helsinki Human to the Divine Absolute. Transtsendentsіya zadaє lyudinі not just teologіchnu, ale th teleologіchnu orієntatsіyu.

We looked at suspіlstvo Suchasnyj neotomіzm poєdnuє traditsіyne to Christianity provіndentsіalno-eskhatologіchne Buchan іstorichnogo rozvitku, yogo analіzu in svіtlі Suchasnyj problems. Suspіlstvo traktuєtsya ob'єdnannya NKVD yak yak i odnochasno "superosobistіst". Vvazhaєtsya, scho in svoїy evolyutsії suspіlstvo Got naslіduvati vіchnі tsіnnіsno-normativnі principles SSMSC mozhut dіstati rіznі tlumachennya that sound fallow od context sotsіalnoї situatsії. Before їh number nasampered nalezhat fun- osobistіsnoї spryamovanostі to zagalnogo good. Pribіchniki neotomіzmu vvazhayut, scho Tsikh zdіysnennya printsipіv guilty zabezpechiti in rіznih suspіlstvah bagatomanіtnіst forms vlasnostі reconciliation superechnostey mіzh sotsіalnimi prosharkami, class, polіtichny plyuralіzm i gromadyan nayavnіst rights, democratic freedoms have poєdnannі s primacy spherical zagalnolyudskih cultural tsіnnostey. Postіyno held Dumka about vazhlivіst i bazhanіst Ruhu "tretіm Way" suspіlnogo rozvitku, yaky prolyagaє mіzh "kapіtalіstichnim іndivіdualіzmom" i "marksistskim kolektivіzmom".

Suspіlstvo ( "hail terrestrial") i the church ( "City of God") in perebuvayut dіalogіchnіy vzaєmodії. Dіalog church that suspіlstva rozumієtsya yak zasіb Adding vischih relіgіyno and moral culture in tsіnnostey suchasnostі. Fіlosofіya neotomіzmu viznachaє Fundamental tsіnnіst "mirskoї" іstorії, nayavnіst in nіy іmanentnoї methylene, pov'yazanoї s udoskonalennyam lyudstva, rozvitkom culture.