Fіlosofіya: mislitelі, іdeї, kontseptsії - Kremen VG

20.3. FІLOSOFІYA GRIGORІYA frying pan

Grigorіy Savich Skovoroda (1722-1794 pp.) Yea one іz nayvidatnіshih predstavnikіv іstorії ukraїnskoї fіlosofії. Mandrіvny sings i vchitel mudrostі, shukach NKVD high road osyagnennya deity іstinnogo Censu Helsinki Human Butt - all tse stvoryuє image origіnalnogo mislitelya, yaky posіdaє vidatne Location in іstorії ukraїnskoї i svіtovoї duhovnoї culture. Narodivsya GSSkovoroda breast-H 1722 p. in prostіy kozatskіy sіm'ї in with. Chornuhi on Poltavschinі. Zvazhayuchi to those scho s vіn viyaviv of Childhood "Nakheel to worship" that "hunt down to a science," dvanadtsyatirіchnogo Grigorіya Bulo vіddano in navchannya to Kiєvo-Mogilyanskoї Academy. There vіn s Pererva provchivsya to 1753 p., Ale so i do not zakіnchiv Povny course / zalishivshis all Zhittya "student" (yak vіn himself Ljubivoje nazivati). Yogo vchitelyami boule slavetny fіlolog Simon Todorsky, rhetorician i Sylvester sings Lyaskoronsky, fіlosofi i theologian Sylvester Kulyabko, Michael Kozachinsky, Georgіy Konisky.

Zdobuvshi in Academy knowledge of good mov, antichnoї that svіtovoї culture, Pan paying svіy eg i sposіb fіlosofstvuvannya, SSMSC not perebuvali in ruslі science about zovnіshnіy svit i suspіlnu dіyalnіst and Mali metі moral udoskonalennya that spiritual Postup lyudskoї osobistostі, її Vlasnyi vіlny vibіr, vihovannya Volya. Tom Form vikladu etiko-antroposofskogo vchennya Skovoroda CCB akademіchny not a treatise, and bikes, vіrshі, pritchі, dіalogi.

For neabiyakі muzichnі zdіbnostі frying pan Bulo requested to pridvornoї dripping іmperatritsі Єlizaveti in St. Petersburg (1742-1744 pp.). W 1750 to 1753 pp. perebuvav in skladі Tokayskoї diplomatichnoї komіsії in Ugorschinі. Deyaky hour Frying vchitelyuvav in Pereyaslavskomu that Harkіvskomu kolegіumah and takozh CCB domashnіm vihovatelem in maєtkah pomіschikіv.

Des would not pan CCB, vіn zavzhdi privertav to yourself uwagi origіnalnim warehouse dumok i Zhittya way. Pan sings i Muzikante, znavets latinskoї, gretskoї, davnoєvreyskoї that kіlkoh Suchasnyj atoms, "a lover of Svyatoї Bіblії" odyagavsya simple detergents are not bіlshe chotiroh Godin, get up to svіtanku, having gone pіshki for Misto, CCB zavzhdi fun, badory, shanoblivy, s usogo vivodiv morality druziv fleeced by insertions їh, MAB "pobozhnіst without marnovіrstva, vchenіst without chvanlivostі". Pіslya 1768 p. CCB to smertі mandrіvnim fіlosofom. Pomer pan in one maєtku s svoїh druziv patients with Іvanіvtsі (ninі -Skovorodinіvka) Near Kharkova 9 leaf fall 1794 p., Zalishivshi pіslya yourself krіm rukopisіv, the legend that perekazi. Rozpovіdali scho nіbito vіn pіshki proyshov usyu Єvropu, nіbito vtіk s Vlasnyi vіnchannya, nіbito MAV gift prorotstva that іn. On mogilі fіlosofa vikarbuvano: "World loviv mene, she did not spіymav".

Viznachayuchi subject fіlosofії, Pan vvazhaє, scho Won - sama Zhittya. Fіlosofstvuvati - mean 's samotі perebuvati on another "on samopіznannya slіd spryamuvati lyudske Zhittya. Yak Vlasnyi matіr mozhna know in the home, so i svoє Happiness Lyudin zdobuvaє vseredinі currently. Meta lyudskogo Zhittya - tse "vnutrіshnіy's World", "radіst insertions", "mіtsnіst dushі", "veselіst insertions." Same stink Yea completion usogo good that i nayvischim boon for fіlosofіv, tobto bunt yakіstyu Helsinki Human Je not stіlki "teoretichnі" pіznavalnі zdіbnostі, skіlki emotsіyno-volove єstvo її spirit, heart with very, h i yakogo virostaє Dumka, pragnennya i, i pochuvannya.

Podіbno to Socrates, Pan dotrimuєtsya tverdzhen "pіznay Me", "poglyan in itself." Blizkim to traditsіynih antique poglyadіv Je visuvannya in fіlosofії іdealu "evdemonії" (Happiness, bliss - nayvischa meta lyudskogo Zhittya) propovіdі "avtarkії" (samodostatnostі, Nezalezhnosti od zovnіshnogo svitu), "penance" (strimanostі, vіdmovi od zhittєvih benefits).

Reason lyudskih strazhdan - the "untruthfulness rozumіnnі" sutі speeches Zovnіshnіy's World - "shvidkoplinna rіchka" to gonitva for yogo -bezgluzdya benefits. Love to the zovnіshnostі robit s Helsinki Human slave oskіlki vidimіst zaslіplyuє, Veda in temryavu pomilok. A іstinne pіznannya pronikaє in nezmіnnu sutnіst speeches to vono Mauger become the basis spravzhnogo Happiness, Pan tobto yde for sokratіvskim principle totozhnostі Happiness is the іstini.

For Helsinki Human Je Zhittya two ways: "svіtsky" - zgubny that "God" - salvation, righteousness. Ostannіy Je minds znahodzhennya "right" look, podolannya grіha, zrechennya zloї Volya. Tse Way Rozum not that rozumіnnya and i lyubovі vіri Way to God. Nayvischa mudrіst pan - "fіlosofstvuvati in Hristі" oskіlki Christ that іstina - totozhnі. Zhiti in іstinі oznachaє zhiti in Hristі Cutaneous Person of pragne to samopіznannya, more naykorotshy Way to God - through Vlasnyi "Serce" through vіdkrittya in nomu "bozhogo way." Zdobuvayuchi sobі "basis Serce" Person of itself staє "Sin bozhim", "obozhnyuєtsya", "preobrazhaєtsya". A meta zvіdsi vivoditsya vsіlyakogo lyudskogo Butt i, zreshtoyu, fіlosofії. "Fіlosofіya, chi lyubomudrіst, skerovuє all colo dіl svoїh on the kіnets, dwellers dati Zhittya Nashomu spirit, nobility of heart with very, svіtlіst Dumka, yak golovі usogo".

Premudrіst єdina for vsіh: for "shits i yudeїv, bogoslovіv i fіlosofіv". In tsomu vіdnoshennі fіlosofstvuvati povinnі OAO All. Otzhe, spravzhnіy center crowbars fіlosofії Skovoroda yak "Mistetstvo life" - at vіdkrittі in sobі

"Sina bozhogo", "vnutrіshnoї", "duhovnoї" Helsinki Human scho Yea basis of "peace of mind" that іstinnogo "blessed life". Golovna meta vchennya Skovoroda polyagaє in propovіdі nabuttya Lyudin mіstichnogo will "obozhnennya" through vnutrіshnє "peretvorennya" її "insertions". In tsomu protsesі lyudinі dopomagaє rozkrittya simvolіv St. letters. Realnіst pan rozumіє not yak monіstichne (іdealne chi materіalne) Butt and yak garmonіynu vzaєmodіyu troh svіtіv: macrocosm, mіkrokosmosu, simvolіchnogo svitu abo Bіblії. Divine Zhittya "pronizuє 's Leather troh svіtіv, vono becoming themselves їh CREATIVE basis spravzhnyu" nature ". Macrocosm - the great's World, in Money Does "all porozhnє Givet". Mіkrokosmos - Helsinki Human's World, "svіtik, svіtochok" ale Glibin vіn not postupaєtsya great svіtovі, and Pevnyi rozumіnnі navіt yogo ohoplyuє. Leather s troh svіtіv Je Yednist dvoh "natures": "vidimoї", "zovnіshnoї", "tіnovoї" that "nevidimoї", "vnutrіshnoї", "svіtloї".

In svoїy "vidimіy" іpostasі macrocosm - tse natural Svit vіdchutih speeches i yavisch (yak materіya), Ale naspravdі - "empty vidimіst", "Location", "nіkchemnіst", "Shade" spravzhnoї, ale nevidimoї yogo "nature" - God. Prote God - not nature itself, but її "Dzherelo", "Svitlo", "sonce". Іsnuvannya materії Je "korelyatom" іsnuvannya God, in tsomu i Sens її vіchnostі, Ale tsya Eternity - funktsіya vіchnostі divine Butt, "tіnnyu" Je yakogo Butt materіalne.

Mіkrokosmos (Lyudin) - Tse takozh Yednist dvoh "natures": "empіrichnoї" (tіlesnoї) that "vnutrіshnoї" (spravzhnoї "іstinnoї") Helsinki Human. Empіrichna Lyudin, yak i materіya, Je "tіnnyu", "temryavoyu", "tlіnnyam". Prote mіkrokosmos not just spіvіsnuє s macrocosm, Passive vіdtvoryuє yogo structure and Je active moment in garmonіynіy vzaєmodії s great svіtom (macrocosm), oskіlki єstvom "vnutrіshnoї" Helsinki Human Yea God. Tom sokratіvsky zaklik Skovoroda "pіznay itself" oznachaє pіznati God.

Yak zaznachaє AK Bicske, tse Yea svіdchennyam dіalektichnostі yogo pozitsії, ale not ob'єktivnoї (in gegelіvskomu rozumіnnі) dіalektiki and ekzistentsіalnoї, vihіdnim point yakoї Je famous "іronіya" Socrates. Odnієyu s central іdey Skovoroda Je tverdzhennya about "nerozrivnіst" i vodnochase "nezlitnіst" Nature is the Helsinki Human, єstvom yakoї Yea God. So rank,

"People in zhittі svoїm pratsyuyut, metushatsya, utayuyutsya and nascho - bagato hto minutes did not tyamit. Koli pomisliti, then s usіh lyudskih zatіy, skіlki їh there tisyach not buvaє, Yea one kіnets - radіst insertions. "

Skovoroda

"A healthier korіnnya - tse Yea i mіtsna soul Serce i Myrna. Health korіn rozsilaє on vsіh gіlkah vologu that ozhivlyaє їh and heart with very peaceful, zhittєvoyu vologoyu napovnene, treasure slіdi svoї for call-nіshnostyami ".

Skovoroda

"Vnutrіshnya" Person of - tse divine in lyudinі. Іdealna form lyudskogo єstva, yak mozhna know in the "recesses" Svoge insertions, Yea the image of God, yaky іsnuє vіchno. OAO All osobistі FORMS okremih lyudskih іstot mіstyatsya in єdnostі doskonaloї that єdinoї Helsinki Human - Іsusa Christ. Qiu Lyudin vzhe not target God - won him narodzhena Yea i yogo Sin Єdinorodnim.

Garmonіya great svitu (macrocosm) i Helsinki Human (mіkrokosmosu) not vstanovlyuєtsya itself, automatic and; Won Got svoїm ground CREATIVE zhittєvu іnіtsіativu Helsinki Human. Mozhlivih (i rіznih) sposobіv garmonіzatsії Helsinki Human Zi svіtom bagato, Leather i Got vіdnayti vіdpovіdny ( "akin") svoїy nepovtornostі th unіkalnostі sposіb Zhittya in svіtі. Ale tsі Method reprezentovano lyudinі simvolіchno. Tobto mіzh macrocosm i mіkrokosmosom іsnuє poserednik, tretіy svit, svit simvolіv - Bіblіya. Here takozh virіznyayutsya Dvi "nature" - "visible" (Subject obraznіst symbol) i "invisible" (smisl, rozshifruvannya "Sense character"). Bіblіya tretіy yak's World Je spravzhnіm, real words Bozhim i vtіlennyam God. The very Bіblіya staє іstotoyu bozhogo order. Pan vkazuє scho Bіblіya Yea God.

"Rozshifruvannya" simvolіki tert svitu Got metoyu Know vіdpovіdny ( "akin") sposіb dіyalnostі "akin" abo "sporіdnena" Prace Je odnієyu s nayvazhlivіshih peredumov dosyagnennya Lyudin Happiness, realіzatsії spravdі lyudskogo method of zhittєdіyalnostі, samostverdzhennya individuals. Prace for poklikannyam, yak vіdpovіdaє pіznanіy vnutrіshnіy prirodі need i vrodzhenim skhilnostyam Helsinki Human, Je nayvischoyu Nasoloda i spravzhnіm Happiness. "Nesporіdnena" ( "a heterogeneous") Praca Je Main Jerel usіh suspіlnih bіd.

"Sporіdnenіy" i "nesporіdnenіy" pratsі nadaєtsya great suspіlnogo value oskіlki pan mrіyav about TAKE suspіlstvo Where Money Does people zmozhut realіzuvati svoї prirodnі zdіbnostі i nahili in "sporіdnenіy" ( "srodnіy") pratsі i otrimuvatimut od neї radіst i vіdchuttya povnoti Svoge Butt . Ale prirodnі zdіbnostі povinnі Buti viyavlenі, rozkritі. Osvita i vihovannya mozhut їh vdoskonalyuvati deprivation, ale not stvoryuvati. Not that Osvita Znannya roblyat Lyudin schaslivoyu and deprivation retelne vivchennya itself, scho th vіdkrivaє Way to Happiness, Spock, dushevnoї Zlagoda. Leather pіznati blame yourself svoї prirodnі nahili that zdіbnostі. Suspіlstvo skladaєtsya s okremih people i tse Yea Shlyakhov i to spіlnogo benefits to samopіznannya from Skovoroda vistupaє yak unіversalny zasіb peretvorennya Helsinki Human that svitu, usunennya svіtovogo evil Іdeya peretvorennya Je Central in fіlosofskіy tvorchostі pan, in svoїh creates vіn zaklikaє Why іstinnoyu Lyudin: іz zovnіshnoї - vnutrіshnoyu, іz tіlesnoї - Intellectual i in Taqiy sposіb poєdnatisya s God otzhe, s by nature vsogo sutnіsnogo.

Mozhlivіst "srodnoї" pratsі for vsіh viyavlyaє his іdeї "nerіvnoї rіvnostі" tobto in realіzatsії cutaneous Statement for svoїmi mozhlivostyami. In kontseptsії "srodnoї" pratsі i od pohіdnoї neї "nerіvnoї rіvnostі" znahodit svіy zrіly viyav anteїzm fіlosofії Skovoroda (termіn like od davnogretskogo mіfіchnogo character Anthea, yaky derives its force in zhittєvu postіynomu zv'yazku s matіr'yu-land).

Look Etichnі Skovoroda bazuyutsya takozh on samopіznannі, yak Got residual metoyu "Mistetstvo life". Person of Mauger Know Happiness through samopіznannya. For tsogo potrіbno "zhiti of nature" is not natural spotvoryuvati, zadovolnyatisya Malim. Nayvischim usvіdomlennyam tsogo Je "vdyachnіst" yak Pevnyi tsіnnіsny rіven lyudskogo Butt, scho poshiryuєtsya God, batkіv, blagodіynikіv. Smislova poslіdovnіst taka: vdyachnіst - blagochestivіst - samozadovolennya. Zavdannya vihovannya - zberegti Zdorov'ya that navchiti vdyachnostі.

Vikladayuchi fun- Mistetstvo Zhittya, Pan vkazuє scho OAO All nepriєmnostі buvayut od zazdroschіv, zazdrіst - od remstvuvannya, and those - od nevdyachnoї dolі scho a day i Vnochi Grisey spirit. Nevdyachnіst porodzhuє smutok, nudgu, Zhadoba, zazdrіst and її pragnut zadovolniti uleslivіstyu, kradіzhkoyu, vorozhnecheyu, 3 krovoprolittyam her pov'yazuєtsya vіchny smutok,

zbentezhennya, znіyakovіnnya, vіdchay, that for lyudskogo Zhittya Nadiya y vdyachnostі, yak zadovolnyaєtsya Vlasnyi zmіstom not zazіhaє on chuzhe. Do not vdyachnostі Lyudin vtrachaє vlasnoї gіdnostі and, navpaki, dіstaє incentive for zmіstovnogo spіlkuvannya s іnshoyu Lyudin on osnovі povazhannya її osobistoї samobutnostі

Doskonalіst Helsinki Human, ґruntuyuchis to "mistetstvі life", pereboryuє vulgar priv'yazanіst subject to svitu i daє

"You Know How tee Aje, scho іstina zavzhdi in thinly populated chislі prosvіchenih Bozhih people tsaryuvala i tsaryuє and Svit Tsey priynyati not Mauger. Zberi before him usіh hudozhnikіv that arhіtektorіv i pіznaєsh scho hudozhnya іstina not bagatoh mіstsyah is staying, and naybіlshu їhnyu yurbu obіymaє nevіglastvo Mistetstvo she did not. "

Skovoroda

mozhlivіst vіdchuti rіznomanіtnіst i bagatstvo Butt, rozkriti vіchnu zagalnolyudsku basis Vlasnyi Butt.

Pіdvodyachi pіdsumki can vidіliti in fіlosofії Skovoroda domіnantnі lіnії ukraїnskoї svіtoglyadnoї mentalnostі: anteїzm ( "sporіdnenіst" ( "srodnіst") lyudinі vsogo svitu) ekzistentsіalnіst (orієntovanіst on Uniqueness lyudskogo іsnuvannya, plyuralіstichnіst i vodnochase dіalogіchna garmonіynіst realnostі) cordocentrism ( "Serce - vsomu head "). Tsі domіnantnі lіnії carols klasychnoji FORMS viyavu and ukraїnska fіlosofіya vstupaє in his klasichnu Dobou.

GS Pan - zasnovnik klasychnoji ukraїnskoї fіlosofії. Vodnochase vіn vplinuv on formuvannya fіlosofskoї pillows in Russie. Bіlshіst rosіyskih іstorikіv fіlosofії (O. I. Intr ensky, VF Ern, EA Glad fishing, MO Lossky) directly nazivayut Frying Pan "ancestor rosіyskoї fіlosofії". Velich GSSkovoroda polyagaє i in fact scho vіn poєdnav in sobі fіlosofa, sage, vchitelya Zhittya іz fіlosofskim Zhittya way. Fіlosofіya in її nayglibshіy sutnostі - svіtobachennya not deprivation, and th svіtovіdnoshennya. Butt tsіlіsnostі Serce, Rozum, vchinku uosoblyuє in sobі ukrainian fіlosof i sing Grigorіy pan.