home Culturology Українська та зарубіжна Culture - Вечірко Р. М.

Українська та зарубіжна Culture - Вечірко Р. М.

CULTURE OF THE AGE OF VIRTUALITY

1. Social and economic development of the culture of Vidrodzhennya. The crisis of the middle spring is that of the antiquity of humanistic traditions in cultures. The characteristic of the epoch is legal.

2. Humanism yak basin strains svitoglyadnosti epokhi.

3. Titanism, yogo osoblivostі t ringtny bik.

4. Special attention to the mystery of Victory.

5. Artistic people in painting.

6. Гуманістичні ідеї Ренесансу в літературі.

Especially for Renaissance (for example, Renaissance - Vidrodzhennya ) - the process of the invasion of the ancient sciences, that mysticism, which is vvazhayut the head chinnikom, a kind of zoumovy efekt phenomenon Vidrodzhennya.

The persistence of the middle peasants is the result of the newness of our efforts to be absolutized by the Mystery Renaissance. Ale w Renaissance vіdshtovhuєtsya od serednovіchchya and to uyavlennya about "rіzku zmіnu chasіv not vіdpovіdalo dіysnomu nature of culture", natomіst mozhna govorito about "Folding podolannya serednovіchnoї spadschini, yak" vplivala "navіt on the Same vіdchuttya іstorichnoї Metamorfosi yogo bіblіynoyu frazeologієyu, eskhatologіchnimi domіshkami, ekstazom . Inaksei kazuchi, in addition, Yak Vidrodzhennya vomited із середньовіччям, the pioneer of the yogo seredognovnich pokhozhdenya woke up (LM Batkin).

Vidrodzhennya - tse especial type of culture, the epoch, the spiritual meaning of not being stalks in realizing the potential, the scrolls of the new cultural and creative stimuli. Tom Renaissance to the mainland of the cultural development of the holy places, which can be seen from VIII-V st. BC. In the Hellad. About the phenomenon of the phenomenon of the phenomenon: vrazhayucha concentrating on an unknown spacious-hour promising of the viznachnih, uebіchno obdarovy people, yakі protoruvali novy shlyakh creativity. Yak rokkvit osoblivogo genu, yak realizatsiya nadmirnogo energeticheskogo potentcialu kul'tury, sho vyrazhena v osoblivіі іntenivnostі cultural life, yogo bahatabarvnostі, rokoshy y bahatomіrnostі evidivіv osobistoї creativity, Vіdrozhennja stіє sіnonіmom pіdnesennya.

Rozriznyayut Proto-renaissance (left tertina XIII-XIV cent.), If vinyakayut primks zakony jakisnykh zmіn cultural process (cob of creativity Dante, Petrarch, Boccaccio), і весне Відродження, де розрізняють раннє, або кватроченто (поч. XIV -90-ті роки XV century) - the painting of Giotto, Donatello, Boticelli, Pisano; Vysoke, abo chinquecento (90-ti of the XV century - the letter of the XVI century) - in the middle of the year - Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Mikelandzhelo, Veneti - Tician, Giorgione, Veronese, Tintoretto; Та пізнє Відродження (40-ві роки XVI ст. - поч. XVII ст.).

On the protivagu serednjovіchchyu, Renaissance and antichnost flutter similar to genetically corn: tslkovite podzhenzhenya mіsta, mіskoї kul'turi, yaka ґruntuvala bilsh-mensh widened rozvinni grocery products vidosnonah. The young bourgeoisie was known in the yazichnitskiy long ago, the ukrainian culture had already prepared a scourge for the battle against the church and feudal ideology, although the antiquity of the fall was imputed to it, it was caught by the scattered groups of graves lying in the corners of corporate inte- rest.

Більшість дослідників уважає, що ренэансну епоху viznachayayut three fault: vydkarskiy verstat, compassa artiliyіya.

Vidbuvaetsya turn from the theocentric to the anthropocentric rozuminnya svitu. You should see a new look at nature, vidkritya її for yourself, put on mud the svit from the tsarina people.

Belya vitokіv rensansnoї ideologii standing Dante Alіg'єrі (1265-1321), at fіlosofskikh treatises yakogo ("Benchet", "Monarchy") викладено засади a new humanistic vchennya about the man. Dante's strokes in the yogo "sacred poemi" synthesis of travel, phylosophy, theology and science - one-half-hour pidssum rozvitku serednjovіchnoi kul'turi vy pochatkom kul'tury Renaissance.

The first ruin of the fіlоlofskoі dumki і humanism (vіd lаt .humanus - lyudyaniy, lyubsky), shоо meaning tоts up to lyudyanostі, before utovorennya of minds for gіdnogo people zhittya. Humanism pochinayutsya todi, if lyudina pozhinaem dumati about himself, his role is poklikannya in tsyomu sviti, about his sutnist, smisl ta metu its shoe. The spur of this ruin is attributed to Francesco Petrarcoi (1304-1374).

In the evolution of the philosophical visions, one can see three characteristic features: humanistic, abo-anthropocentric, in a kind of mediocre theocentricism, protested by people in the people of the world (in the middle of the 14th to the mid-15th century); Neoplatonichny (Areopagitic), incidents, head rank, posed on ontological problems (middle XV - first trentin of the XVI century); Naturfilosofskii, if humanistic studios were diligent in theology, natural philosophy, environmental science, and one-hourly called to the point of acting specialties, that is the end of humanism, to the folding of the world in the midst of a fall (the friend of the XVIth century).

Zrushennya, yakі vіdbulisya in the structures of the renaissance svitobachennya, vyyavilisya in superechtsi about those whom nasliduvati - "klasikiv" chi "nature."

Vidrodzhennia namagaetsya clarify svit, vyhodachi znogo most. Svit does not require poytobichnogo explanations, vin clarify not a part, not God, not chaklunstvom. The reason for this is the post of his own. Show svіt such, яким він є, explain all зсередини, з його власної матеріальної nature - the very same є devizis realizmu Cervantes, Rabelais, Shakespeare.

Realism of the epoch in vkkryv індивідуальну человену і ствердив її force that beauty. Yogo heroes poste titanichnaya osobistist, yaka є vіlnoyu y its own manifestations.

Dome of the Cathedral of St. Petra in Rome ( renaissance )

Nova kontseotsіya svitu demanded for artists. Відродження розроблення теорії та практичкого тіла in yogo vіkovіy, statevіy i dinamіchnіy viznachenstі, пошуку гармонії композиції, використання колеорових акцентів for the transfer of his stavlennya to zozbrazhuvannogo. Відбувається processes розкріпачення особистості від середньіічного asceticism; Zobrazhennya gologo naturi, prinadzhinogo tylo boolo strong argument in the battle with asceticism. Vinikaє ponametti about proportionality, scho nablizhae ismotvorotche misterstvo to arhitekturi, ponimatya compositsi svitla, yakі poejdut is more formative than the mysterious literature.

For Renaissance is characteristic of the new concept of the role of the artist as an artist in the creative process, the socially-esthetical function of the yogi mystic, the self-image of the artistic image before reality (the renaissance realism titles).

Principles of adherence to be-like traditions of the bula are very shabby in the ancient antiquity, before the stake there were early-warming missions of the Christian Neo-Platonists, and those of the Epicureans. At tsi baiduzhusti to dzherel vyyavilas zavoyovana Vidrodzhennyam freedom of the mission, freedom in the school, traditional, dogmi, pragnennya enter from the sphere of his sight all riznomanitya slideshchini past, nichim not zv'yazuvati himself and shine vidkrytim shlyah vlasnikh visnovkiv and rishen.

Appearing new literary forms of the cliches of scholastic treatises, commenting on the formal structure gave the opportunity for promos, motivations for the rules of rhetorical mystery, invitations, friendships, people, visalism, adulation of the Duma, zamisluvaty over the problems of butt.

For the culture of the Renaissance, it is characteristic that the boule is locked away from time to time, at the same time, from the parochial stables to the "old values", to the traditional places in the antique, yak, yak respected, the bullets interrupted by the middle peasants. Straight vidrodzhennya tsikh traditional boule head method of the new culture.

Mark Auger vvazhaє, scho odochasne obnednennya rensansnuyu Єvropoyu drevnіh tuzhe riznyh traditsy (Greek, romskoї, germanskoi, Anglo-Saxon, Arabic, Chinese) zbіshshilo її synchronic synthesis, synthesis and wines.

Vidrodzhennya - tse unikalny perіod in історії культури, який репрезентуєе one-time and епоху, і type of a culture, and a cultural manifestation.

Literature

• Alpatov MV Artistic problems of the Italian Renaissance. -M., 1976.
• Batkin LM Italian Renaissance in Search of Individuality. - M., 1989.
• Bragina MM Italian humanism. Aesthetic teachings of the 14th-15th centuries. - M., 1977.
• Gorfunkel A. Kh. Philosophy of the Renaissance. - M., 1980.
• Історія світової культури / For ed. L.T. Levchuk. - K., 1994. - Rozd. 9.
• Culture of the Renaissance. - L., 1986.
• Culturology. The twentieth century. Encyclopedic Dictionary. - St. Petersburg, 1998.
• Losev AF Aesthetics of the Renaissance. - M., 1978.
• Romenets V. A. Історія психології епохи / Vidrodzhennya. - K., 1989.
• Sumtsov M. Leonardo da Vinci // Vsesvit. - 1993. - № 5-12.