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Українська та зарубіжна Culture - Вечірко Р. М.
Arhitecture of the twentieth century.
Українська архітектура ХХ ст . Vagomim vneskom fell into the skarbnitsu of the Ukrainian culture and culture. In the architecture of that hour, the style in the artifacts and mysteries of the modernist bouleves (moderne - day, new, etc.). Yogi principally ruined the canons of their style, the zakrema of the classic, the creativity of the creators of the traditional national traditions. Mitzi often stood on the poses of the beautiful in the racial. For sporud razіonalіistichnoi sprymovanostichi characteristic of vitonichnost, tendіtnіst, граічність ліній, площнність фасадів. Mitzi ototozhneyut beautiful with ease, prozorostyu, space.
Ratsionalalisticny modernist proskushuvav і vyyavlyav funktsii ob'ekta in decori sporudi. Ratsionalalisticny modernist peretevyvav coryne at vitonchene.
On the cobble of the twentieth century. In Ukraine they worked so well, architects, yak A.I. Bernardazzi, LA Vladek, VV Gorodetsky, OB Minkus, FA Trounyanskiy, FN Nestrukh, OV Kobelyev, PF Aloshin, EP Broadtman, O. M. Verbitsky, VO Osmak, OM Ginsburg, K. N. Rzhenishevsky, OL Krasnoselsky, V. S. Skorobagatov. Mayzhe all the stinks pratsyuvali in stilі modern, leading poshuk plastichnih mozlivostey novi constructivi ta materіalіv, virobljajuchi new plastichnu moivu.
Ratsionalalisticheskie risi modernu nayaskravshis manifested themselves in the creations of M. M. Verbitsky, a kind of power in the law of the archi- tectural mission, functional obvirtonovannost ob'ekta, osmislennya mozlivostey new designs, barvistіst decor. Архітектурне вирішення to the front Житлового будинку на розі вулиць Рейтарської та Стрілецької in Києві privilyєє чіткою plastic facade, ерчних еркерами різної формы, пропорцією вікон, ліпним орнаментом.
Professor Valeriy Mikitovich Rikov (1874-1942) - an architect with a great creative potential. Blizko 300 budivel zvedeno in Kiev from the yogo bezposerednyoyu participate.
One of the first buv wines of the "People's Auditorium" (nil of V.Vorovski, dezmitschuyetsya "Diprotsivilprombud"), the problems of 1909, modernism. Zvertayuyut yourself with the respect of balconies, vishukana lіpnina vіkon, kartoshi, cornice.
Yogi creativity nalyzhat boudinki on vul. Zankovetskoe, vidbudov theater "Apallo", sporudi on Saksaganskogo, 9, Shovkovichnyi, 16, Frank, 17, budivlі Kiev Studios імені O. Dovzhenka. Він проектує cinema "Київ", the project і здійснює надбудову будівлі нинішнього Нацбанку (було прийнято варіант, расблений by the architects O.Kobeliev and V.Rikivym). Creativity yogo bula riznostilovoyu. Він виховав цілу пяяду архітекторів, працював intercession of the head Спілки художників України.
Yaskravoyu spoduleju ratsionalalistichnogo modernu є kritiy Bessarabskyy rynok u Kiivi (1909-1912) - the project of the architect G. Yu. Gaya for the part PN PNBRUSOV. Square sporudi 3000 m2, height 30.6 m, is hostile to the denudation of the construction of the hotel, which is not decorated with Mayge. The façade of the boudinku vid Khreshchatyk is decorated with decor elements of folk art, over the other on top of the geometric ornament. Gorel'єfi "Selyanin" and "Molochnitsa", yakі wikonav sculptor T. V. Rudenko, organically fit in front of the facade. Primordial especialities sporudi - constructive vizraznost that naturalness of materials.
The KPI complex was motivated in 1889-1902 by the project of the architect I. S. Kitner for the participation of O.V. Kobelyeva, VO Osmaka, O. M. Verbitsky, V. Obreskogo, G. I. Reutov. Раціоналістичну спрямованість будівлі надає "цегляний" стиль. Composite incentive corps is functionally fit into the landscape of a two-century-old park.
The decisions were made on the basis of the architec- tural form of the suspilnyh needs, the natural power, the material and the resourcefulness of the people.
At the style of a rational modernity bridges, towers, promises of the future came. On the basis of the creative style of 20 rock bands, such a straightforward formulation is formulated, that is constructivism and the functional method of the project.
Styli neoclassicism was introduced in 1911-1913. Budinok Pedagogical Museum (ninni Boudinok Teacher) on Volodymyrsky Vulich in Kiev (architect PF Aloshin). Yoga creativity nalezhit і сучасне приміщення НАН України. In 1902-1905, pp. In the style of "early renaissance", the bank of the Derbbank (arhitektory OV Kobeliev, OM Verbitsky) was thrilled.
In the classic style in 1897-1900 rr. Behind the project of VV Gorodetsky, a sporad was thrown at the historical museum.
In 1903-1906 of the river. Was prompted in Poltava bodinok zemstvo (arhitektory V. Krichevsky, inscriptions of S. Vasilkivsky's interviewer). Tsia sporuda (nin tse Poltava kraiznavchy museum) is hostile to the peculiarities of Ukrainian modernity. For the project of the architect O. Shchyueva 1906 р. The Troitsky Cathedral of the Pochaivski Lauri (the Russian-Vietnamese style) was built.
Зразком неокласицизму є будинок філії No. 1 Національної бібліотеки Україніім. V.I. Вернадського та корпус бібліотеки університетуім. T. Shevchenko. The main features of modernism in the mysteries of symbolism, avant-gardeism, futurism, acmeism, exclusivism, impresionism, abstraction, embrace, dadaism.
In the fundamentals of the symbolic symbolism lies the symbol - zasib unikennenya budennosti, pragnennya dosyagti ідеальної суті світу - beautiful.
1899 р. In Києві відкрито Міський музей пам'яток станини і мистецтв (тепер Національний художній музей). About Ukrainian mysticism and mori could not be, but the mysterious and creative director N. Bilyashivsky, D. Shcherbakivsky, F. Ernst chose the miracle of creation of Ukrainian schools in painting. Buli presented by T. Shevchenko, І. Рєпіна, V. Borovikovsky, V. Tropinin, M. Vrubel, M. Ge, G. Narbut, M. Murashka.
1929 р. In the museum there were 110 yew. Експонатів і бібліотека in 40 thousand. Tom. At our hour at the museum zberigayatsya 20,5 yew. Експонатів.
Серед українських архітекторів слід виділити D. Diachenko, K. Zhukov, S. Timoshenka, A. Dobrovolsky, L. Katka, Y. Krasny, O. Vlasova, O. Zavarova.
1904 р. Behind the project of architect Robert Marfeld, the "Ricard's Castle" (Andriivsky Descent, Bud No. 15) was forgotten. Rozpochinav buduvati vidomiy pidrjadnik Dmytro Orlov, finished budivnitsuto yogi widow.
Kozhen z naprymіv misterstva, arhіtekturi moe svoi osoblyvostі. For empiricism, for example, the transmission of subjec- tive enmity by artistic zasolami, asociative, graph and sound, is metaphorical.
For експресіонізму - це це нервова еемоційність, symbolі, іrраціональність, гіперболічність, відсутіність barв або контрастів.
For surrealizmu characteristically spiranny on pіdsvіdomist people, synergetichnіst, notes of the first, scho came to the head, і викликаних цим асоціацій, це психічний автоматизм, який має за мету відбразити functіінунування думки (Андре Бретон).
In the Ukrainian avant-garde behind the post-stage stood sculptor kubofuturist Oleksandr Arkhipenko (1887-1964). Live and behind the cordon, vin zdobuv svitova viznannya.
Українська скульптура ХХ st. Represented by such names, F. Balavensky, M. Gavrilko, I. Kavaleridze, G. Kuznevich, M. Parashchuk, V. Klimov.
Neschodavno on Mihaillivskiy plosch in Kiev is adorned with the memory of the princess Olzi. The author of the project of the monument, established in 1911, sculptor I. Kavaleridze. Artistic kerivnikom robot buv F. Balavensky, architect ensemble V. Rikov. Statue of Princess Olga (height 9 m), St. Cyril і Mefodіya vikonav І. Kavaleridze, the apostle of Andriy the First-Called - P. Snitkin. Творчості Івана Кавалерідзе притаманні новаторські пошуки.
For serії sculptural portrait of culture (V. Stefanik, S. Lyudkevich, I. Frank, M. Lisenk), Vikononiy M. Paraschuk, characteristic імпресіоністичне милення, світлотіньові ефекти.
Sculptor І. In the north, he became the founder of the hi-tech realistic plastics. Yogo create "The Philosopher", "Molody Shevchenko", "Copernicus" spovenni especial internal intexpression.
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