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Culturology - Gritsenko TB

Karolinzke Vidrodzhennya (VІІІ-ІХ cent.)

For its own historical and historical and cultural values, the Karolinzka Epokha is to finish the tikawa. The last part of the IX century. in kraїnah Zahіdnoї Єvropi harakterizuєtsya rozkvіtom Mistetstvo scho Bulo pov'yazano іz stvorennyam Charlemagne pershoї іmperії Serednovіchchya, scho Ziman teritorії od Elba Barcelona - mayzhe vsієї todіshnoї hristiyanskoї Єvropi (okrіm Britanії that pіvnіchno-zahіdnoї Іspanії). Tsey perіod called "Karolіnzkim vіdrodzhennyam" through those scho suttєvoyu risoyu Mistetstvo tsogo hour Bulo svіdome naslіduvannya pіznoantichnoї culture.

The realm of Charlemagne, who was brought to the trouble of the church, carried out ship and viysk reforms, fought the form of feudalism in the Zahidnyi Єvropi. Karl the Great opykuvavsya osvitoyu at derzhavi. " Capitulation about science ", sightings in 787 rivers, zobovyazovav utvoyuvaty schools in all єparkhіah, with skin monastiri. Takozh bula carried out the reform of the letter that was written by the writers of the various school disciplines. The center of the church became the court of the Academy in Aachen, having anchored the monk Alquin as an anchor. Він сприяв вивченню грамоти та філософії для досягнення вершин мудрості. When dvorі Charlemagne іsnuvala іstorichna school yaskravimi predstavnikami yakoї boule Pavlo Diyakon, author of "Іstorії langobardіv" she Eyngard scho Sklave "Zhittєpis" Charlemagne.

For karolinzkogo mistetstva is characteristic zvernennya before antichnosti, sho naybіlis it was shown in arhіtektury budivel centric type. Before such memories lie the court of the chapel (cathedral) of Charlemagne in Aachen, the church in Germain-de-Pre, near Orleans. Karolinzky period pidgotuvav type romancheko basiliki z duma transeptami, podvijenym chorus ta budetami.

Vazhlivim Element arhitekturi buv monumental painting in technic frescoes and mosaics. Monumental painting of the monumental painting was not enough. Tse mozaїka apse of the church to Zhermenї des Prés (806 p.), Rozpisi on bіblіynі that єvangelskі story in shveytsarskіy tserkvі in m Myunsterі (kіn IX Art..) That mozaїki apses church of Santa Marija іn Domіnіka, Santa Prassede (817 -. 824 pp .) Та ін.

The original view of the mysticism, the representations of the great book of memory, кни the bookish miniature. Karolinzka book - tse pam'yatka rlegnijnogo zmistu. Vaughn lied vichchimu clergy that court-aristocratic cola. For the additional technology of gouache, gold, farbuvannya parchment purple book nabula decorative pishnost. The center of vygotovlennya rokikshnyh manuscripts boule m. Aachen - the residence of the imperial court. On the ramparts of Charlemagne, the boulevard of the elastrians of the Gospels was ordained. In tsikh artistically venerable manuscripts pomitny vіzantіyskiy vplyv, order from elements of the early Anglo-Saxon and Nimets mysticism. Poєdnannya Tsikh traditsіy spawned karolіnzsky style in Money Does stvorenі іlyustratsії "Golden Єvangelіy Harlі", "Єvangelіє Charlemagne", "Aahenske Єvangelіє" that іn.

The death of Karl the Great, the cultural growths are falling, the schools are croaking. Ale cultural life is not pripinyayatsya, voso zoseredzhuyutsya monastiryah, scho y ix - X st. Became the centers of the cultural and osnovnogo zhittya. In monastirskih skriptorіyah boule perepisanі that zberezhenі for maybutnіh pokolіn antichnі create, z'yavilasya monastirska relіgіyna poezіya that svіtska literature, presented "іstorichnimi sing", "slavoslovіyami" on korolіv honor squad poezієyu, recording nіmetskogo folklore, scho pіznіshe becoming the basis nіmetskogo EPOS " Valtary ». On півночі Європи в Ісландії та Норгії з'явилася своєрідна поезія скальдів, що була needless element of the court yard of the king that yogi of the squad. The bula і тaка література, як житія святих та тиіння, що відби devil the system has been clarified to the people that yogi svіdomіst.

In the X st. Through viney ta mizhuzobitsi cultures rozvitok zgas і nashediv period t.z. "Cultural moviemane", scho prisnuvav as much as before the X st. A period of the ХІ-ХІV century. Become an hour, if the culture is on its own classical forms.

Svitoglyad. Theology and the phylosophy. Світогляд середніх віків був in the basic theological. At the hour of the transition to antiquity to the Seredniovicheskaya Naybіlsh priyonyatnoyu form, scho відповідала to the needs of the masovoі sіdomostі people, bуlo Християнство. Vano became the ideological shearing of the culture of the eighth spiritual life of the middle-aged Suspension. The primary form of the ideology of the people of the bula is the theology of the abolition of the phylosophy, and for the unfulfilled cities of the population there is little practical value for the cult relic. Poezdnannya teologii te інших рівнів релігійної свідомості behaved specifichnu ideology, sho mala vplyv on vsі klassi ta tararka feudal sospilstva.

Pisnati God - signified piznati yogo otkrovennya through the sacred letter. At the XI century. Vinik інтелектуальний рух, yaky called scholasticism (in the Latin schola - school). Scholasticism - tse fіlofofіya, scho vyhodit іz teologii, tisno z itu povyazana, ale not rіnnoznachna їй. Її essence - розуміння bases християнства з раціоналістичних позицій та за допомогою логіки. Central to the scholasticism was busy struggling on the whole with problems of uni versality - understanding the zagalists.

The prototyping of riznyh strains in the scholasticity of the new illusion in the middle of the reincarnation of the phylosophy. Tse Petro Abelar (1079-1142 r.), Yakiv rozvinuv method of dialectics. Він був прихильником концептуалізму that opozitsionerom to the church. Yogi the adversary of the Buv Bernard of Claervos , the jasacrian representative of the middle peacetime, to the heavens to God and the peak of the yogic meditative biology of the evil of the people with God.

At the XII century. SposTERіgaєt 'pomіtniy іnteres up to the Greco-Roman slump, glyboke vivchennya that transfer of the latvian monastery of the Aristotle, tracts of antiquity disciples of Euclid, Ptolemy, Gipokrata ta іn. Vchennya Aristotela shvidko widened near the science centers of Italy, France, England and Spain. Tsiomu was affected by the celebrity of the famous theologian, the philosopher and alhimist of Albert the Great (1193-1280).

Vchennya Aristotela v otitsitsynoyu fіlosofієyu katolitsizmu poednav vidatnyi srednjnovііchny fіlosof i theologian, Chernets Order of Dominikants, Dr. Foma Akvinsky (bl. 1226 - 1274 r.). Fіlіofsіk system Fomі Akvіnskogo was based on the principle of "harmony" vіri і розуму. Vin golosiv God by the creator and the ruler of the svit, vvazhav with the principle of the principle of "the truth of the one-eyed," looking through the phoxosis yak "servant of theology", proholoshuvav vishchist church over the svitskoyu. З кінця ХІІІ ст. Fomi Akvinsky Bulo was recognized as the official doctrine of the Catholic Church.

At the stage of naturophilosophy, the great influx of little Mikoli Kuzanskiy (1401-1464). Він намагався виробити універсальне омсслення початку світу та влаштування Всесвіту, scho were not based on orthodox християнстві, but on даалектико-пантеїстичным йоого пояснення. M. Kuzansky namagavsya vidokremiti object ratsionalnogo piznannya (vivchennya nature) vid theologian.