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Financial management bank - Primostka LO

2.4. Method UPRAVLІNNYA ZALUCHENIMI Costa BANK

Zaluchenі Costa Je naybіlsh digit Chastain pasivіv Bank, yak in kіlka razіv perevischuє yogo vlasnі Costa. Factuality zaluchenі Costa - tse mainly dzherelo formuvannya resursіv komertsіynogo bank SSMSC spryamovuyutsya for active operatsіy.

Before zaluchenih koshtіv bank nalezhat zalishki koshtіv on the production, the budget is the rozrahunkovih rahunkah klієntіv, oschadnі that strokovі contribution fіzichnih i Yurydychna osіb, deposits of up to zapitannya, rіznі Vidi deposit rahunkіv such yak umovnі, zastavnі, brokerskі, tsіlovі deposits, deposits in іnozemnіy valyutі, and takozh Costa on korespondentskih rahunkah іnshih bankіv (loro rahunki). In bankіvskіy praktitsі OAO All rahunki klієntіv, vіdkritі in bank deposits in tsіlomu nazivayut and zaluchenі Costa - zobov'yazannyami deposit.

Metoyu bankіvskogo management at sferі upravlіnnya zobov'yazannyami bank Je zaluchennya dostatnogo obsyagu koshtіv s naymenshimi vitratami for fіnansuvannya quiet Activity operatsіy, SSMSC Got Namir zdіysniti Bank. Otzhe have protsesі formuvannya fondіv Management Got vrahovuvati two osnovnі parametric upravlіnnya - vartіst zaluchenih koshtіv that їh obsyag.

For zabezpechennya bazhanoї structure obsyagіv that rіvnya vitrat for deposit management zobov'yazannyami vikoristovuє rіznі methodological zaluchennya koshtіv, SSMSC zagalom zvodyatsya to dvoh group - tsіnovі that netsіnovі methodological upravlіnnya zaluchenimi Costa.

Sutnіst tsіnovih metodіv polyagaє in vikoristannі vіdsotkovoї rates for deposits yak head vazhelya in konkurentnіy borotbі for vіlnі groshovі Costa fіzichnih i Yurydychna osіb. Pіdvischennya proponovanoї bank rate dozvolyaє zaluchiti dodatkovі resources. I, navpaki, bank resources perenasicheny, ale obmezheny nebagatma pributkovimi napryamkami їh rozmіschennya, zberіgaє abo navіt zmenshuє depozitnі rates.

Netsіnovі methodological upravlіnnya zaluchenimi Costa bank bazuyutsya on vikoristannі rіznomanіtnih priyomіv zaohochennya klієntіv, SSMSC not directly pov'yazanі Zi zmіnoyu rіvnya deposit rates. Until such priyomіv nalezhat advertising; polіpsheny rіven obslugovuvannya; rozshirennya spectrum proponovanih Bank rahunkіv that poslug; Complex obslugovuvannya; dodatkovі Vidi bezkoshtovnih poslug; roztashuvannya fіlіy in mіstsyah maximum nablizhenih to klієntіv; pristosuvannya grafіka robots to potreb klієntіv toscho. In the minds zagostrennya konkurentnoї Borotba in bankіvskіy sferі management Velika uwagi pridіlyaє sama netsіnovim methods upravlіnnya, oskіlki pіdvischennya deposit rates Got obmezhennya, i do not zavzhdi Taqiy method upravlіnnya mozhna zastosovuvati. In borotbі for klієntіv banks protrude to such priyomіv yak Venue of lotereї Sered klієntіv, bezkoshtovne rozsilannya vipisok s rahunkіv, vіdkrittya depozitіv novonarodzhenim yak Podarunok od bank obladnannya bezkoshtovnih avtomobіlnih parking bilja bank roztashuvannya bankomatіv in Gromadska mіstsyah, holding bezgotіvkovih rozrahunkіv for Relief Plastic kartok, nadsilannya klієntam privіtan that podarunkіv to holy od іmenі kerіvnitstva bank toscho.

Netsіnovі methodological upravlіnnya bazuyutsya on marketing doslіdzhennyah sector of market analysis, yaky obslugovuєtsya bank vivchennі potreb klієnturi, rozrobtsі novih fіnansovih іnstrumentіv that operatsіy scho proponuyutsya klієntam. In tsіlomu zastosuvannya netsіnovih metodіv potrebuє deyakih (іnodі th digit) vitrat. Tom obirayuchi method upravlіnnya zaluchenimi Costa, management bank Got porіvnyati vitrati, pov'yazanі s pіdvischennyam depozitnoї rates that vitrati, SSMSC suprovodzhuvatimut vprovadzhennya netsіnovih priyomіv. On praktitsі tsі methodological mozhut zastosovuvatis parallel.

Shvidky rozvitok netsіnovih metodіv upravlіnnya sposterіgavsya in US pіslya of acceptance in 1933 of the Glass-rotsі Stіgalla Yakimov zaboronyalisya viplati vіdsotkіv for checks rahunkami that tsentralіzovano vstanovlyuvalasya upper boundary of deposit rates. Metoyu such obmezhen CCB Zahist bankіv od nadmіrnoї konkurentsії in sferі zaluchennya koshtіv, yak nachebto could prizvesti їh to bankrutstva. Ale yak shown, TAKE regulyuvannya not given Bazhanov naslіdkіv i is competitive Borotba tochilasya zasobami vstanovlennya prihovanih rates that Poshuk novih metodіv zaluchennya koshtіv such yak Key infrastructure komertsіynih paperіv. Lachey 1980 roku US Congress priynyav law about deregulyuvannya deposit SET, Cauterets znіmalis obmezhennya schodo rіvnya viplat for deposits. Otzhe, ob'єktivna neobhіdnіst Poshuk novih Jerel that sposobіv fіnansuvannya spriyala udoskonalennyu netsіnovih metodіv upravlіnnya zaluchenimi Costa.

In praktitsі robots of Ukrainian bankіv perevaga nadaєtsya tsіnovim methods upravlіnnya, oskіlki depozitnі rates do not pіdlyagayut regulyuvannyu i vstanovlyuyutsya management bank samostіyno fallow od required in zaluchenih Costa. Depozitnі rates uniquely vіdrіznyayutsya yak at dinamіtsі so i od bank to bank (dod. 5). Netsіnovі methodological upravlіnnya slit dosit populyarnі not have vіtchiznyanіy bankіvskіy praktitsі, ale zagostrennya konkurentnoї Borotba that znizhennya zagalnogo rіvnya dohіdnostі sponukaє banks to poshukіv novih priyomіv zaohochennya klієntіv.

VIZNACHENNYA DEPOZITNOЇ RATES

Banks vstanovlyuyut diferentsіyovanі rates fallow od sight deposit rahunku, string rozmіschennya koshtіv on depozitі that Sumi contribution. Tsіnoutvorennya for bank deposit zobov'yazannyami bazuєtsya on analіzі spіvvіdnoshennya mіzh deposit rates, yak vіdobrazhaє rinkovu vartіst zaluchennya koshtіv, that vitratami bank pov'yazanimi s obslugovuvannyam skin sight deposit rahunkіv. Yakscho operatsіynі vitrati bank for rahunkom znachnі, napriklad for rozrahunkovih rahunkіv klієntіv, the rate bude nizkoyu, abo vzagalі vіdsotki not viplachuvatimutsya. Іnodі Bank pokrittya vitrat s obslugovuvannya deposit perekladaє on klієnta, styaguyuchi fіksovanu komіsіynu vinagorodu abo vstanovlyuyuchi vartіst Venue of kozhnoї operatsії for rahunkom i odnochasno viplachuє vіdsotki for zalishok koshtіv on klієntskomu rahunku.

On rіven depozitnoї rates vplivayut takі chinniki, yak i popit propozitsіya penny koshtіv at the market, rіven lіkvіdnostі bank structure that minds contribution rules oblіku i opodatkuvannya dohodіv toscho. Ale based formuvannya deposit rates very hard viznachennya bazovoї rinkovoї rates yak pokazuє that mіnіmalny rіven dohіdnostі scho zadovolnit іnvestora in razі vkladennya Vlasnyi koshtіv a particular bank.

On rіven bazovoї depozitnoї rates vplivayut osnovnі chinniki:

• realnі Tempi ekonomіchnogo growth in kraїnі;
• ochіkuvany rіven іnflyatsії protyagom perіodu vkladannya koshtіv;
• rizik nepovernennya koshtіv scho pov'yazuєtsya s specific bankіvskoyu install.

For ekonomіchnim zmіstom vіdsotkova rate - tse vartіst (Cena) protyagom pennies an hour, yak vіdobrazhaє alternativnі varіanti їh rozmіschennya that riziki. Deposit rates Je kompensatsієyu vlasnikovі timchasovo vіlnih penny koshtіv for їh vikoristannya protyagom Pevnyi perіodu hour. Vlasnik rozglyadaє rіznі varіanti vkladennya koshtіv: pіdpriєmnitsku dіyalnіst, purchase real aktivіv, nadannya kreditіv, pridbannya tsіnnih paperіv toscho. When one viborі s napryamkіv vkladennya іnvestor pragne kompensuvati vtrachenі mozhlivostі obsession income SSMSC peredbachalisya in іnshih varіantah. Zatsіkaviti vkladnika dwellers have rozmіschennі pennies in a jar i yogo zmusiti vіdmovitisya od іnshih varіantіv, pozichalniki toil kompensuvati Yomou serednіy rіven dohіdnostі in ekonomіtsі danoї Kraina in tsіlomu. Tsey rіven mayzhe dorіvnyuє real rate of growth of ekonomіchnogo viznacheny perіod hour. In Taqiy sposіb viznachaєtsya Pochatkova, abo mainly vartіst pozichkovih koshtіv, yak vіdbivaє dіysne zrostannya on protivagu іnflyatsіynomu tsіn growth for commodities is the Hotel, i yak to vіdoma real vіdsotkova rate. For pіdrahunkami ekonomіstіv, realnі growth rate for stabіlnih ekonomіk perebuvayut in furrows of 2.5 - 4%. Vischі Tempi ekonomіchnogo growth mozhut Buti dosyagnutі deyakimi ekonomіkami on Pevnyi Etap rozvitku, ale perіodi such іntensivnogo pіdyomu, yak usually netrivalі.

The actual vіdsotkova rate for whether yakih vkladen - tse rate maybutnіy perіod, when i іnvestuvannya Won nevіdoma. Otzhe, rozrahunki vіdsotkovih rates for deposit ґruntuyutsya on otsіntsі chi prognozі rіvnya ekonomіchnogo real growth, yaky ochіkuєtsya on perіod vkladennya koshtіv.

Rozrahunki vikonuyutsya of formula viznachennya maybutnoї vartostі pennies FV:

(2.7)

de PV - teperіshnya vartіst іnvestitsії; r - vіdsotkova rate (rіchna%); n - Quantity perіodіv vkladennya koshtіv (prophets).

The following problem s yakoyu stikaєtsya іnvestor - tse vtrata kupіvelnoї spromozhnostі penny koshtіv protyagom perіodu vkladennya vnaslіdok іnflyatsіynih protsesіv. Yakscho groshі pіslya Povernennya will chastkovo znetsіnyuvatisya then іnvestor s cutaneous novim vkladennyam oderzhuvatime dedalі real Mensch scrip koshtіv i zreshtoyu їh vtratit. Otzhe have protsesі viznachennya bazovoї depozitnoї rates neobhіdno vrahovuvati takozh ochіkuvanі Tempi іnflyatsії. Vtrata kupіvelnoї spromozhnostі pennies stosuєtsya not deprivation osnovnoї sumi іnvestitsіy and second vіdsotkovih viplat realnoї rates. Tom's ochіkuvanі Tempi іnflyatsії neobhіdno skoriguvati mostly yak scrip, so i viplati for real rates. Rozrahunki vikonuyut of formula (2.7).

Rіven vіdsotkovoї rate s urahuvannyam tempіv ekonomіchnogo growth that іnflyatsії nazivaєtsya nomіnalnoyu bezrizikovoyu rates. Vzaєmozv'yazok mіzh nomіnalnoyu i vіdsotkovimi real rates that rіvnem ochіkuvanoї іnflyatsії vіdomy yak efekt Fіshera. Nomіnalna bezrizikova rate viznachaєtsya of the formula:

(2.8)

Vkladayuchi Costa to the chi Inshyj bank іnvestor priymaє on itself rizik Pevnyi, pov'yazany s ymovіrnіstyu nepovernennya pennies. Rіven riziku nepovernennya koshtіv viznachaєtsya randomness methods i pokazuє Quantity vkladen, SSMSC will not be vchasno (abo vzagalі) povernutі in rozrahunku on skin hundred zroblenih іnvestitsіy. W look around to rizik nepovernennya іnvestor zmusheny pіdvischiti vimogi to rіvnya dohіdnostі quiet vkladen, SSMSC turn vchasno i s viplatoyu vіdsotkіv and takozh kompensuvati vtrati іnflyatsіynoї premії that realnoї rates. Premia for rizik Mauger include kompensatsіyu іnshih vidіv riziku such yak rizik zmіni vіdsotkovoї rates rizik trivalostі perіodu іnvestuvannya i t. Іn. Rozrahunok bazovoї rinkovoї rates urahuvannyam s real tempіv ekonomіchnogo growth іnflyatsії that riziku vikonuyut of formula (2.8), ale at tsomu scrip pid PV rozumіyut koshtіv, SSMSC will be exactly povernenі in rows tobto priymayut to uwagi rizik.

Butt 2.2

Іnvestor vkladaє 100 thousand UAH. 1 Year to komertsіynogo bank. When tsomu ochіkuvanі Tempi ekonomіchnogo stanovlyat growth of 1.5%, ochіkuvanі Tempi іnflyatsії - 8%, while rizik nepovernennya koshtіv - 2%. Rozrahuvati base rinkovu deposit rates.

Rozv'yazannya

1. A Year іnvestoru s urahuvannyam realnoї rates Bank Got viplatiti 1500 UAH. yak vіdsotki for pennies vikoristannya protyagom a rock:

100,000 (1 + 0.015) = 101500.

2. W urahuvannyam kompensatsії vtrat od іnflyatsіynih protsesіv protyagom rock viplati stanovitimut 9620 UAH .:

101 500 (1 + 0.08) = 109 620.

Nomіnalna bezrizikova rate s urahuvannyam tempіv ekonomіchnogo growth that rіvnya іnflyatsії becoming 9.62%:

r 1 = [(109,620: 100,000) - 1] • 100 = 9.62.

3. Oskіlki rizik nepovernennya dorіvnyuє 2%, іnvestor upevneny in povernennі koshtіv in sumі .: 98 000 UAH

100000 (1 - 0.02) = 98,000.

4. Otzhe, the base rate rinkova s ​​urahuvannyam usіh chinnikіv stanovitime 11.86%:

r 2 = [(109620: 98000) - 1] • 100 = 11.86.

Result obchislen will file in viglyadі diagram (Fig. 2.1.).

Fig. 2.1. Driving warehouses vіdsotkovoї rates

Yak bachimo, Hoca rіven іnflyatsії ochіkuєtsya in rozmіrі 8% ale іnflyatsіyna Premia becoming 8.12%. Oznachaє Tse, scho vrahovuєtsya vpliv іnflyatsії not deprivation on the main іnvestitsії the bag, and the second on dohіd for danim vkladennyam. Tacke sama rule poshiryuєtsya minutes on premіyu for rizik, yak dorіvnyuє 2.24%, Hoca rizik nepovernennya koshtіv - 2% .Otzhe for danih minds Management Bank Got zaproponuvati klієntam deposit rates, no nizhchu of 11.86%.

In praktichnіy dіyalnostі banks do not toil zavzhdi zmogu skoristatisya zaproponovanim method viznachennya depozitnoї rates for oskіlki obsession dostovіrnih rezultatіv neobhіdna іnformatsіya about prognoznі values ​​tempіv ekonomіchnogo growth that іnflyatsії. On rіvnі okremogo bank rozrahunok Tsikh makroekonomіchnih pokaznikіv uskladnyuєtsya.

Over the minds nestabіlnogo ekonomіchnogo rozvitku scho sposterіgaєtsya in Ukraїnі protyagom ostannogo desyatirіchchya, peredbachiti rіven іnflyatsії, viznachiti rizikovіst bankіvskoї install and takozh zprognozuvati growth rate SSMSC naspravdі peretvorilisya on pace ekonomіchnoї crisis (padіnnya), not vdaєtsya navіt on makroekonomіchnomu rіvnі. Tom vіtchiznyanі banks at rates vstanovlennі depozitnoї orієntuyutsya on rіven oblіkovoї NBU rate that proponuyut klієntam plavayuchu rate yak pereglyadaєtsya in razі zmіni oblіkovoї rates. Nespriyatlivі ekonomіchnі processes zmusili banks go to korotkostrokovogo zaluchennya koshtіv, if deposits on priymayutsya Taqiy perіod hour, in the furrows yakogo Tempi іnflyatsії bіlsh Chi Buti Mensch exactly mozhut peredbachenі. Vikoristannya oblіkovoї NBU rate yak orієntiru Offers schodo rates for deposit rahunkami tsіlkom obґruntovane, oskіlki in oblіkovіy stavtsі ochіkuvany rіven іnflyatsії vzhe vrahovany, and Ukraїnі sama іnflyatsіya Je bunt chinnikom scho vplivaє on rіven bankіvskih rates.

Bank deposit rates zdebіlshogo descho nizhcha for oblіkovu rate Hoca іnodі takі chinniki, yak i popit propozitsіya penny koshtіv on market analysis that konkurentnі pozitsії bank appeared to prizvodyat digit vіdhilen od tsogo rules. Napriklad, s looking around at іstorichnі obstavini "Oschadbank" Je monopolіstom in sferі zdіysnennya operatsіy s deposits from the public, blizko 80% yakih zoseredzheno sama in tsomu bank. Broad trammel Savings CAS (from bіlshostі population punktіv tse єdinі bankіvskі Set) daє zmogu zaluchati znachnі obsyagi resursіv not whether yakoї konkurentsії pid mayzhe simvolіchnu rate. Neobhіdno viznati scho z "Oschadbank" pov'yazuєtsya naynizhchy rіven riziku, oskіlki vіn Yea one іz dvoh Reigning bankіv. Zavdyaki tsomu vdaєtsya іstotno zniziti base rate for zaluchennya koshtіv minds nizkoї nadіynostі bankіvskoї system in tsіlomu that visokoї ymovіrnostі bankrutstva novostvorenih bankіv.

Banks, SSMSC not underwrite market analysis reputatsії nadіynih that stabіlnih SET, zmushenі s metoyu zaluchennya klієntіv proponuvati visokі depozitnі rates. In this razі management of the bank responsible know exactly napryamki that obsyagi mozhlivogo rozmіschennya resursіv that їh dohіdnіst. Pіdvischennya depozitnoї digit rates for vіdsutnostі visokodohіdnih napryamkіv rozmіschennya zaluchenih resursіv Mauger prizvesti appeared to vіd'єmnogo spreads and otzhe, zbitkovoї dіyalnostі bank.

One іz faktorіv stabіlіzatsії bankіvskoї Sistemi Yea system strahuvannya depozitіv, іsnuvannya yakoї on rіvnі powers dozvolyaє banks zniziti premіyu for rizik yak odnієї Zi warehouses bazovoї depozitnoї rates. In bagatoh rozvinenih kraїnah target Reigning strahuvannya depozitіv system, yak peredbachaє kompensatsіyu pevnoї sumi Deposits vlasnikovі in razі bankrutstva bank. Thus, in the US the right to vkladnik Got vіdshkoduvannya faktichnoї sumi deposit at the time of the bank in the furrows bankrutstva 100 tis. dollars. Viplati zdіysnyuyutsya іz zagalnogo fund strahuvannya depozitіv, yaky formuєtsya s vіdrahuvan skin bank fallow od obsyagіv depozitnoї bazi (dod. 3).

In Ukraїnі robot over stvorennyam Sistemi strahuvannya depozitіv already rozpochata. Tse dozvolyaє spodіvatisya on virіshennya problemi visokoї rizikovostі bankіvskih vkladіv nayblizhchim hour scho spriyatime pіdvischennyu nadіynostі that stabіlnostі vіtchiznyanih bankіv. One Zi shlyahіv znizhennya riziku nepovernennya koshtіv for Yurydychna osіb was nadannya mozhlivostі vіdkrivati ​​two rozrahunkovі rahunki in rіznih banks zavdyaki chomu vdaєtsya zastosovuvati Taqiy method upravlіnnya rizikami yak diversifіkatsіya. Dosі uskladnennya fіnansovogo bank will generally produces up to vtrati koshtіv rozrahunkovih rahunkah klієntіv, unemozhlivlyuvalo Venue of whether yakih gospodarskih operatsіy automatic and that meant bankrutstvo Yurydychna osіb, SSMSC Mali rakhunok have tsomu bank. For teperіshnіh minds dosit visokoї rizikovostі ukraїnskoї bankіvskoї Sistemi vіdkrittya dvoh rozrahunkovih rahunkіv not daє garantії uniknennya riziku nepovernennya koshtіv, ale yogo dozvolyaє zniziti.

Pіdsumovuyuchi legends can dіyti visnovku: Poshuk optimal rіvnya depozitnoї rates - Folding zavdannya, yak Got virіshuvati management of cutaneous bank samostіyno fallow od rinkovoї situatsії, Vlasnyi potreb that mozhlivostey. Zanadto nizky rіven rate generally produces up vіdplivu depozitіv s bank zmenshuє obsyag Credit resursіv and otzhe, zvuzhuє mozhlivostі pursuing active operatsіy that otrimannya dohodіv. Zavischennya depozitnoї rates Tyagny yourselves zrostannya vіdsotkovih viplat for rahunkami klієntіv i for vіdsutnostі visokoefektivnih napryamkіv rozmіschennya resursіv sprichinyuєtsya to zmenshennya marzhі chi navіt zavdaє zbitkіv.