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Polіtichna ekonomіya - Bєlyaєv OO

§ 3. Form vartostі

Yak has zaznachalosya, goods yavlyaє him Yednist dvoh vlastivostey - spozhivchoї vartostі i vartostі.

Spozhivcha vartіst i vartіst perebuvayut in vnutrіshnіy єdnostі. Vartіst not Mauger іsnuvati pose spozhivchoyu vartіstyu. At the same hour tse Yea Yednist protilezhnostey. Vikoristannya odnієї vlastivostі product viklyuchaє odnochasne vikoristannya іnshoї vlastivostі. Yakscho, napriklad, tovarovirobnik vikoristovuє suit yak spozhivchu vartіst for spozhivannya NKVD, the vіn not Mauger odnochasno zastosovuvati Tsei samy suit yak vartіst.

Tovarovirobnikam bayduzhe, yaky SAME kind tovarіv viroblyati - Chobot, sіl, zapalnichki, costumes, etc. i, oskіlki whether yaky s Tsikh vidіv spozhivchih vartostey Mauger Buti nosієm vartostі...

For naturalnoї FORMS virobnitstva bezposerednya i kіntseva tsіlі odnіy th Ti samі - virobnitstvo spozhivchih vartostey, neobhіdnih for zadovolennya NKVD i virobnichih required. In commodity gospodarstvі їh viroblyayut for dwellers nasamkіnets pridbati neobhіdnі spozhivchі vartostі. Ale bezposerednya meta іnsha. Cutaneous tovarovirobnika tsіkavit not spozhivcha vartіst viroblenogo product and vartіst Yogo, Yogo zdatnіst obmіnyuvatisya on OAO All INSHI goods. Bezposerednoyu metoyu virobnitstva staє virobnitstvo vartostі.

Evolyutsіya formvartostі

Zmіna bezposerednoї methylene virobnitstva uskladnyuє phone reception mіzh virobnitstvom i spozhivannyam. For natural Gospodarstwa spozhivchі vartostі Zi spherical virobnitstva bezposeredno nadhodili spozhivannya in scope. Mіzh virobnitstvom i spozhivannyam іsnuvav chat i bezposerednіy phone reception.

In commodity gospodarstvі through dvoїstu nature produktіv pratsі zmіnyuєtsya encampment. The residual pіdsumku OAO All zroblenі Flea toil svoїm priznachennyam zadovolennya tієї abo іnshoї require i povinnі vvіyti in scope virobnichogo abo spozhivannya NKVD. Ale goods vіdrazu nadhodit in scope spozhivannya i realіzuєtsya yak spozhivcha vartіst. Before Tim yak "vvіyti" in spozhivannya, vіn Got to go through the scope obmіnu i realіzuvatisya yak vartіst. Ostannіy processes Je neobhіdnoyu poperednoyu minds spozhivchoї vartostі sale. In danomu razі realіzatsіya product yak yak vartostі that spozhivchoї vartostі not zbіgayutsya ni ca for som ni for mіstsem. Goods Mauger Buti Prodan one hour i in one mіstsі and spozhity іnshim hour i in іnshomu mіstsі.

Yakscho through SSMSC nebudu Reason realіzatsіya vartostі product zatrimuєtsya abo staє zovsіm nemozhlivoyu, the processes vіdtvorennya porushuєtsya, oskіlki dermal s virobnikіv, sell svoїh tovarіv not Mauger buy neobhіdnі Yomou for prodovzhennya virobnitstva goods. Protirіchchya mіzh spozhivchoyu vartіstyu i vartіstyu viyavlyaєtsya in danomu razі in ochevidnіy i ruynіvnіy forms.

Pokey goods entered in mіnove vіdnoshennya s іnshim commodity yogo vartіst zalishaєtsya prihovanoyu. Prior processes obmіnu mozhna pіdrahuvati Quantity іndivіdualnoї pratsі, vitrachenoї on virobnitstvo of abo іnshogo product, Ale Tse slit is not oznachaє scho note by pіdrahovana i Virage vartіst. Dwellers pіdrahuvati i viraziti vartіst product, neobhіdno nasampered nobility skіlki in nomu vtіleno suspіlnoї abstraktnoї pratsі. Ale to tsogo processes obmіnu nobility nіhto not Mauger.

For rozvinutogo commodity Gospodarstwa harakternі penny form vartostі, viraz vartostі tovarіv in pennies. Prote penny vartostі form - the result trivalogo іstorichnogo rozvitku.

Theoreticity Perche Form vartostі Bula simple abo vipadkova form vartostі. The simplest form of vartostі Mauger Buti Virage formula: Tx = Ty. Tsya form vartostі nazivaєtsya downtime to scho here vartіst one product virazhaєtsya tіlki vartostі yakogos in one product. Vipadkovoyu Won Je fact scho yaky SAME specific goods virazhatime vartіst product - tse right vipadku. The simplest form of vartostі vіdpovіdaє to Etap іstorichnogo rozvitku, if obmіn tіlki-but zarodzhuvavsya.

Form vartostі dopuskaє Yednist dvoh polyusіv: on one znahoditsya product vartіst yakogo proyavlyaєtsya on іnshomu - goods, scho serve materіalom for virazu vartostі. Purshia goods is staying at vіdnosnіy formі vartostі, tobto virazhaє his vartіst in spozhivchіy vartostі іnshogo product, vіdmіnnogo od yogo vlasnoї naturalnoї form. Other products Got ekvіvalentnu form vistupaє ekvіvalentom Perche product, serve materіalom Where Money Does vіn virazhaє his vartіst. Purshia goods vіdіgraє active role, others - Passive. Viraz vartostі one product obov'yazkovo dopuskaє protilezhny Pole - Inshyj goods Where Money Does virazhaєtsya vartіst. So rank, vіdnosna th ekvіvalentna FORMS vartostі - tse Yednist protilezhnostey.

For prostoї FORMS vartostі Je tіlki odne mіnove vіdnoshennya: goods put up in vіdnoshennya yakogos okremogo, vіdmіnnogo od Demba commercial mind. It's not virazhayutsya yogo yakіsna totozhnіst i kіlkіsna proportsіynіst s usіma іnshimi goods. Prostіy vіdnosnіy formі vartostі protistoїt okrema ekvіvalentna form vartostі іnshogo product.

In mіru rozvitku commodity obmіnu zdіysnyuєtsya perehіd od prostoї FORMS vartostі to povnoї, abo rozgornutoї, forms vartostі. Okremy goods pochinaє virazhati his vartіst not yakomus єdinomu tovarі, and tsіlomu ryadі іnshih tovarіv scho mozhna viraziti with such a formula:

de Tx protistoїt kіlkom goods-ekvіvalentam: TA, TB, TC i, etc...

W rozvitkom trademark vіdnosin іz zagalnoї tovarnoї masi viokremlyuєtsya product on yaky chastіshe for all obmіnyuyutsya OAO All INSHI goods. In mіnovomu vіdnoshennі goods, scho vistupayut in vіdnosnіy formі vartostі, employees have their Cherga for goods, scho is staying in ekvіvalentnіy formі, yogo ekvіvalentom. Vіn virazhaє them their vіdnosnu vartіst. Otzhe, usі Flea pochinayut virazhati his vartіst in yakomus one tovarі, virazhenomu in takіy formulі:

In danomu vipadku Tx vistupaє in rolі zagalnogo ekvіvalenta, vіn Je tim materіalom Where Money Does virazhayut his vartіst usі INSHI goods. Zavdyaki tsomu OAO All Flea oderzhuyut єdinu form virazu svoєї vartostі. So rozgornuta form vartostі peretvoryuєtsya on zagalnu. Vnutrіshnya Yednist usіh tovarіv yak zgustkіv abstraktnoї suspіlnoї pratsі, yak vartostey znahodit zovnіshnyu virazu form. OAO All Flea virazhayut teper vartіst in odnіy spozhivchіy vartostі. Abstract Prace, vtіlena in them, in one viyavlyaєtsya vidі konkretnoї pratsі and suspіlna Prace - in one vidі privatnoї pratsі.

On rіznih Etap іstorichnogo rozvitku in rіznih kraїnah role zagalnogo ekvіvalenta vikonuvali rіznomanіtnі goods - thinness, hutro, grain, etc. i Ale on viznachenomu etapі role zagalnogo ekvіvalenta zakrіplyuєtsya for one product... OAO All INSHI ekvіvalenti vitіsnyayutsya. Zagalna form vartostі peretvoryuєtsya to form vartostі penny.

Penny form vartostі harakterizuєtsya tim, scho OAO All Flea postіyno virazhayut his vartіst tіlki in one tovarі.V residual pіdsumku role zagalnogo ekvіvalenta zakrіplyuєtsya for gold. Oskіlki role zagalnogo ekvіvalenta mіtsno poєdnuєtsya іz gold vono staє groshima - Especially commodity Where Money Does virazhayut his vartіst usі INSHI goods. Vartіst, Virage in pennies nazivaєtsya tsіnoyu. Koli mi govorimo, that scho chi Inshyj goods koshtuє 0.5 grams of gold, the note itself virazhaєmo vartіst in groshovіy formі, zaznachaєmo yogo tsіnu. Otzhe, Cena Je viznacheny view mіnovoї vіdnosnoї vartostі.

Chomu Well sama gold became zagalnim ekvіvalentom? Peredusіm vono - sama product Got vartіst i spozhivchu vartіst.

Spochatku gold Bulo zvichaynim, ordinary commodity. Podіbno to vsіh іnshih vono proyshlo through vipadkovu, rozgornutu i zagalnu FORMS vartostі. Buli іstorichnі perіodi, if vartіst gold virazhalasya, napriklad have hudobі abo hutrah, fallow od of yaky s Tsikh tovarіv vіdіgravav role zagalnogo ekvіvalenta.V mіru stihіynogo rozvitku commodity obmіnu, rozshirennya rinkovih, Especially svіtovih torgovelnih zv'yazkіv gold postupovo zavoyovuє role zagalnogo ekvіvalenta. Dovgochasne poєdnannya, zroschennya zagalnoї ekvіvalentnoї FORMS h-kind product viznachenogo peretvoryuє Tsey commodity (Gold) at groshі. Trivaly hour for groshі in rіznih kraїnah of order іz gold odnochasno funktsіonuvalo i srіblo. Ale in drugіy polovinі XIX century. role zagalnogo ekvіvalenta monopoly zavoyovuє gold.

Noble-kind metalіv, їh prirodnі vlastivostі schonaykrasche vіdpovіdayut vikonannyu suspіlnih funktsіy zagalnogo ekvіvalenta. According au-Perche, rіznomanіtnі zlitki Tsikh metalіv toil yakіsnu odnorіdnіst. Tsya vlastivіst Especially vazhliva. Substantsієyu vartostі, yak vіdomo, Je yakіsno odnorіdna, odnakova abstract Prace. Tom for virazu vartostі tovarіv naykrasche pіdhodit Taqiy product usі ekzemplyari yakogo yakіsno odnakovі i rіznyatsya deprivation kіlkіsno for vagoyu.

Alternatively, blagorodnі threw toil vlastivіst dovіlnogo podіlu i poєdnannya. Tsya vlastivіst takozh neobhіdna for virazu vartostі in zagalnomu ekvіvalentі tovarіv. Rіznomanіtnі Flea toil rіznu vartostі i value for virazu ostannoї potrіbno, dwellers goods yak zagalny ekvіvalent mozhna Bulo dovіlno podіlyati on whether yak Quantity Chastain.

In tretє for noble metalіv vlastiva portativnіst. Porіvnyano s іnshimi products Got Gold temple vartіst. Neznachnі for vagoyu zlitki gold mozhut viraziti vartіst digit article weight. Rozvitok commodity virobnitstva rozshiryuє prostorovі frame ekonomіchnih zv'yazkіv i portativnіst gold polegshuє Tsey processes.

In the fourth, blagorodnі threw toil vlastivіst trivalogo zberezhennya.

Otzhe, prirodnі vlastivostі gold i srіbla tsіlkom poyasnyuyut, chomu sama tsі Flea maintained upstream of іnshih mozhut vikonuvati funktsії zagalnogo ekvіvalenta. Ale appeared pennies viklikana, yak bachimo not natural vlastivostyami speeches and viznachenimi suspіlnimi virobnitstva minds.

This product, scho becoming at rezultatі stihіynogo rozvitku obmіnu groshima, tobto zagalnim ekvіvalentom, nabuvaє Especially suspіlnih vlastivostey. Gold goods vzagalі yak Got zvichaynu spozhivchu vartіst - Je subject pratsі in virobnitstvі rіznomanіtnih virobіv, tsіnnih embellishment. Jak Penny goods Got gold, krіm of dodatkovu spozhivchu vartіst. Being zagalnim zasobom obmіnu gold Mauger Buti peretvorene on whether yaky Inshyj goods. Tse - zagalna spozhivcha vartіst groshovog of product. So rank, spozhivcha vartіst trumpery product, so bi moviti, podvoyuєtsya. Yak goods groshі vartіst toil; Especially yak stink goods Je bezposeredno suspіlnoyu Form vartostі.

Vnutrіshnі superechnostі product

In podіlі svitu trademark for goods i groshі znahodit svіy zovnіshnіy manifested vnutrіshnє protirіchchya mіzh spozhivchoyu vartіstyu i vartіstyu. OAO All Flea vistupayut yak spozhivchі vartostі and groshі - yak vtіlennya їh vartostі. Dwellers viraziti his vartіst, leather goods guilty poperedno peretvoritisya on groshі. Tіlki zdіysnivshi tse, items to bring, scho Yea vіn not tіlki spozhivchoyu vartіstyu, ale th vartіstyu.

Vartіst tovarіv dіstaє in the form of pennies samostіynu іsnuvannya. Svіy sells goods, skin tovarovirobnik oderzhuє yogo vartіst in viglyadі viznachenoї kіlkostі pennies. Vartіst іsnuє here at samostіynіy formі, vіdokremivshis od tієї spozhivchoї vartostі, scho bula її rechovinnim nosієm. At the same hour on obmіn groshі oznachaє scho spozhivcha vartіst danogo product nіbito zvіlnyaєtsya od svoєї noshі-vartostі "skidaє" її i come from processes spozhivannya. Sold Chobot, Sweden pozbavlyaєtsya їh spozhivchoї vartostі, ale vіn zberіgaє vartіst in viglyadі pevnoї kіlkostі pennies. Spozhivcha vartіst nachebto vіdokremlyuєtsya od vartostі that Nabu-vaє samostіynogo Ruhu. Vnutrіshno vlastive product protirіchchya mіzh spozhivchoyu vartіstyu i vartіstyu virіshuєtsya through obmіn on groshі th at the same hour nabuvaє novoї FORMS іsnuvannya - Form protilezhnostі mіzh goods vzagalі i groshima.

W appears pennies trademark Svit dіstaє svoєї spetsifіchnoї FORMS virazu vartostі. Groshі vistupayut yak mіra abstraktnoї suspіlnoї pratsі. Private concrete Prace, vtіlena from Zoloti, odnochasno staє bezposerednіm vtіlennyam abstraktnoї pratsі. Cutaneous goods - product privatnoї pratsі - at razі obmіnu on groshі oderzhuє suspіlne viznannya. Prace, vitrachena on yogo virobnitstvo, viznaєtsya bezposeredno suspіlnoyu Prace. Relief For pennies zdіysnyuєtsya oposeredkovane vrahuvannya vitrat suspіlnoї pratsі, vtіlenoї in goods.