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Polіtichna ekonomіya - Bєlyaєv OO

§ 3. Sіmeyny budget: dohodіv structure that їh vikoristannya

In polіtiko-ekonomіchnomu aspektі domogospodarstvo of skin, yak usually Je an autonomous samodostatnoyu ekonomіchnoyu Lanka (sub'єktom), scho Got Vlasnyi budget dohodіv i vitrat. Vono (domogospodarstvo) rozrahovuє deprivation on vlasnі resources i zabezpechuє require sіm'ї vsіm neobhіdnim for normalnoї її zhittєdіyalnostі that vіdtvorennya. Krіm of domogospodarstva splachuyut derzhavі podatki.

Formuvannya dohodіv sіm'ї, їh vikoristannya, uzgodzhennya dohodіv that vitrat i utvoryuyut sіm'ї budget.

Dzherela dohodіv domogospodarstv

Dzherela for rakhunok yakih formuєtsya dohіdna Chastina budget dosit rіznomanіtnі. In rinkovіy ekonomіtsі їh mozhna zgrupuvati three Vidi.

According au-Perche - tse dzherela sіmeynih dohodіv, SSMSC toil of labor pohodzhennya: zarobіtna board (in t h th payment in kind..); Income od іndivіdualno-trudovoї that pіdpriєmnitskoї dіyalnostі; Income od NKVD pіdsobnogo Gospodarstwa. Syudi s vіdpovіdnoyu chastkoyu umovnostі mozhna vіdnesti i pensіyu of labor.

In Other - tse revenues od vlasnostі: rent (orendna fee), interest on the Deposit that s oblіgatsіy, divіdendi toscho.

I, in tretє, chastku digit dohodіv sіm'ya oderzhuє through so zvanі suspіlnі Fondi spozhivannya (stink toil rіznі suspіlnі form, napriklad, Pensіyny Fund) have viglyadі penny viplat i bezkoshtovnih poslug. The main - tse sotsіalnі pensії that Relief, viplati on bezrobіttyu, stipendії, dotatsії on rіznі putіvki for vіdpochinku, viplati bagatodіtnim sіm'yam and takozh nayavnіst elementіv bezkoshtovnogo abo pіlgovogo lіkuvannya that osvіti population. In formuvannі dzherela tsogo mortgage Prace vsogo suspіlstva time i s tim skin pratsezdatnogo member sіm'ї.

Structure dohodіv sіmeynogo budget

Structure dohodіv sіmeynogo budget deposits od nature suspіlnih vіdnosin in kraїnі that rіvnya rozvitku productive forces. For rinkovoї Economy spetsifіchnim Yea those scho income sіm'ї pіdvischuєtsya role dohodіv od vlasnostі that іndivіdualnoї trudovoї dіyalnostі.

Sukupny sіmeyny dohіd not guilty Buti nizhchim for prozhitkovy mіnіmum, tobto vartostі (groshovoї otsіnki) set tovarіv i poslug, rozrahovany on osnovі Naukova normativіv spozhivannya i zabezpechenostі population pershochergovimi zhittєvimi zasobami. Krizovoe camp Economy of Ukraine, on the sorry Pokey scho no dozvolyaє pіdtrimuvati vіdpovіdny NAUKOVO obґruntovany rіven prozhitkovogo mіnіmumu for znachnoї Chastain population sotsіalno Especially Vulnerable prosharkіv - bagatodіtnih sіmey, іnvalіdіv, osnovnoї masi i pensіonerіv bezrobіtnih. Tsі nespromozhnі people without powers Relief zabezpechuvati Hoch b mіnіmalnі svoї require that our kategorіya spіvvіtchiznikіv, SSMSC znahodyatsya for mezheyu bіdnostі, Nadzvychaina sytuatsia numbers.

When analіzі dohodіv budget sіm'ї printsipovo vazhlivo vrahuvati not just nomіnalny їh rozmіr and real kupіvelnu spromozhnіst scho deposits od rіvnya tsіn on goods that dinamіki Hotel іnflyatsіynih protsesіv in tіy chi іnshіy kraїnі.

Odnochasno slіd rozumіti, scho i chiselnіst warehouse sіm'ї, spіvvіdnoshennya mіzh pratsyuyuchimi i nepratsyuyuchimi in real zhittі Nadzvychaina sytuatsia rіznomanіtnі. Poznachaєtsya Tse yak on obsyazі, so i on strukturі dohodіv. Serednі figures do not vzmozі vrahuvati qiu rіznomanіtnіst (Especially here often have to yak vihodit anekdotі: Pan himself z'їv the trigger, Ale stink at once Zi servant z'їli on pіvkurki). However, the magnitude of toil serednі Positive vlastivіst: give mozhlivіst viyaviti types situatsіyu i viznachiti golovnі tendentsії її rozvitku. In Nashomu vipadku - tse tendentsії formuvannya that vikoristannya sіmeynih dohodіv. On tsomu th bazuєtsya їh wider zastosuvannya at analіzі Tsikh dohodіv.

So, for danimi Derzhkomstatu Ukraine, sukupny serednіy dohіd on sіm'yu in 1997 p. becomes Ponad 3.8 yew. UAH. (Table. 2).

tABLE 2

STRUCTURE SUKUPNOGO DOHODUSІMEY In UKRAЇNІ IN 1997 p.

Trudovі income (salary її rіznovidah access in all forms i) dorіvnyuvali Ponad 2/5 tsієї sumi. For sіlskih domogospodarstv mainly Jerel dohodіv CCB dohіd od NKVD pіdsobnogo Gospodarstwa (Ponad 50%). Otzhe, Pete Wagga dohodіv sіmey of labor in їh zagalnomu obsyazі viyavlyaєtsya not dosit temple. Tse svіdchit about those scho zarobіtna board vtratila svoє values ​​mostly yak Dzherelo zasobіv for zabezpechennya zhittєdіyalnostі population of Ukraine.

For realіzatsії otrimanih domogospodarstvami dohodіv in the minds rinkovoї Economy neobhіdna nayavnіst on spozhivchomu Rinku dostatnoї kіlkostі that vіdpovіdnogo tovarіv assortment of i poslug available for masovogo spozhivacha tsіnami * 2. Tse, one s minds nayvazhlivіshih makroekonomіchnoї rinkovoї rіvnovagi.

* 2: {Yakscho spozhivchy rinok nasicheny nedostatno then іsnuє asortimentny defіtsit. Prote naygolovnіshe Lots Other: Revenues sіmey Yakscho not uzgodzhenі s rozdrіbnimi tsіnami (yak in ekonomіtsі suchasnoї Ukraine), the rozpodіlchy rinkovy mehanіzm deformuєtsya yak on macro- mіkrorіvnyah i}.

Vikoristannya sіmeynih dohodіv

Otrimannya sіmeynih dohodіv, yakimi used not great stench boule, z point Zora theoreticity ekonomіchnogo analіzu not slіd absolyutizuvati yak samotsіl, Aje Tse deprivation zasіb zadovolennya potreb Helsinki Human. Іz zrostannyam dohodіv not tіlki povnіshe zadovolnyayutsya require sіm'ї and second zmіnyuєtsya system structure nadannya perevag in їh vikoristannі. In tsomu viyavlyaєtsya one s law forms zrostannya potreb that їh uskladnennya. Vіdpovіdno zmіnyuєtsya i vitrat sіm'ї structure.

Sіmeynі Income vikoristovuyutsya for rіznimi directly. Osnovnі Sered them takі: on harchuvannya; pridbannya tovarіv wide vzhitku (odyag, VZUTTYA) i dovgostrokovogo koristuvannya (Mebli, refrigerators, televіzori, komp'yuteri, avtomobіlі toscho); payment sotsіalno cultural i Communal and pobutovih poslug; SPLAT podatkіv i rіznih platezhіv; zaoschadzhennya that nagromadzhennya; INSHI often neperedbachenі vitrati.

Schodo zmіni structuring vitrat іz sіmeynogo budget can be viyaviti kіlka tendentsіy. Perche for all tse skorochennya in income Pete oї crowbars koshtіv scho ydut on harchuvannya sіm'ї. In such tsіlomu tendentsіya Progressive i svіdchit about zrostannya rіvnya that of Quality Zhittya population. Vaughn is typical for vsіh kraїn s dinamіchnim rozvitkom Economy. Poyasnyuєtsya Tse note scho vitrati on harchuvannya - neobhіdna basis іsnuvannya kozhnoї Helsinki Human. Vidatki to Demba, for vsієї їh prіoritetnostі, viznachayutsya traditsіynimi sіmeynimi require i Mensch for all pіddayutsya skorochennyu. Tobto tsі vidatki bіlsh-Mensch stabіlnі porіvnyano s іnshimi їh views.

Positive Je th tendentsії zrostannya vitrat іz sіmeynogo budget sotsіalno-kulturnі require zbіlshennya zaoschadzhen that nagromadzhen, SSMSC spryamovuyutsya for polіpshennya DOBROBUT chlenіv sіm'ї, company profile Vlasnyi bіznesu toscho.

Schodo zgadanih zagalnih Progressive tendentsіy Specific to vikoristannya budget domogospodarstv in rozvinutih kraїnah, the Ukraїnі 90-Ti Rocky stench does not show. Tse obviously Zi structuring vikoristannya sukupnogo income sіmey, predstavlenoї in Table. 3.

STRUCTURE VIKORISTANNYA SUKUPNOGODOHODU SІMEY In UKRAЇNІ IN 1997 p.

Thus, the temple has been viewed dosit Pete Wagga vitrat sіmey on harchuvannya (blizko 3/5) i mіzernimi - nagromadzhennya koshtіv (less then 1%).

Bіlshe of nezvazhayuchi to those scho chastka vitrat koshtіv s budget sіm'ї on harchuvannya in serednomu Bula Nadzvychaina sytuatsia temple, spozhivannya Tsikh produktіv per capita in 1997 p. іstotno zmenshilos porіvnyano z 1990 r .: m'yasa i m'yasoproduktіv - by 49%, milk - 44, yaєts - 45 tsukru - 39, Ribby i riboproduktіv - by 71.5%. Vіdchutno znizilos spozhivannya population mainly st іnshih produktіv harchuvannya: hlіba, ovochіv, fruktіv toscho. In Tsey perіod i vіdbulosya suttєve znizhennya rіvnya DOBROBUT sіmey.

Factory dobrobutunaselennya

Dobrobut population formuєtsya pid vplivom rіznih faktorіv, SSMSC іnodі dіyut in rіznomanіtnih, navіt protilezhnih directly. Chim bіlshe in domogospodarstvі Prace-zdatnih osіb, PFM vischoyu Je їh Osvita, kvalіfіkatsіya, team maintained upstream stench abo pratsyuyut zaymayutsya pіdpriєmnitskoyu dіyalnіstyu, tim bude bіlshim sukupny dohіd sіm'ї. The I navpaki, perevazhannya in sіm'ї nepratsezdatnih osіb, utrimantsіv, pensіonerіv s maloyu pensієyu zmenshuє sukupny i serednodushovy dohіd. Yak usually dodatkovі dzherela DOBROBUT our sіmey - malі pensії, stipendії, Relief rіznogo priznachennya that subsidії - not Je virіshalnimi.

Not spriyaє zrostannyu Dobrobut i Masov vtrata robots pratsezdatnimi members sіm'ї, tobto bezrobіttya, yak in Ukraїnі for ostannі Rocky bezperervno zbіlshuєtsya. Znizhuєtsya Dobrobut of Ukrainian sіmey i podatki zrostayut on income neruhomіst and takozh zbіlshuyutsya rіznі Zborov, platezhі, Especially Permanent pіdvischennya pay for Communal and pobutovі Hotel. Ostannі duzhe іstotno zrosli in kіntsі 90 rokіv that for 2000 p.

Suttєvim negative factor vplivu on Dobrobut sіmey zalishaєtsya іnflyatsіya, yak without kompensatorskih zahodіv s side powers Je hronіchnoyu for Economy of Ukraine. Identically, sotsіalna polіtika Uryadov Got Booty spryamovanoyu on real strimannya іnflyatsії, stabіlіzatsіyu rate grivnі, skorochennya bezrobіttya that svoєchasne rozrahuvannya s Borg on viplatі salaries i pensіy, optimіzatsіyu podatkіv th іnshih platezhіv.

Krajina nіkoli not bude Bhagat, Yakscho in nіy The basic masa zubozhіla population. Navpaki, zrostannya dohodіv domogospodarstv spriyatime i zrostannyu spozhivchogo popitu, pozhvavlennyu ekonomіchnoї kon'yunkturi, postupalnomu rozvitku suspіlstva.

Domogospodarstva i Power

Domogospodarstva s powers toil organіchnі vzaєmozv'yazki. W one side, stink ob'єktivno zaіnteresovanі in іsnuvannі strong sovereign mashines, yaky zabezpechuє receptionists kordonіv Kraina, pіdtrimuє order, stvoryuє i vdoskonalyuє zakonodavstvo, regulyuє funktsіonuvannya rіznih spheres i Galuzo Economy that upravlyaє admіnіstrativno-teritorіalnimi utvorennyami, zabezpechuє digit mіroyu bezkoshtovnі osvіtnі that medichnі Hotel toscho. All Tsey gromіzdky Reigning aparata utrimuєtsya for rakhunok podatkіv in Vol. H. I gromadyan (domogospodarstv). The I Hoca vsіm we do not Duzhe wants vіddavati groshі derzhavі in formі podatkіv, zborіv that іnshih platezhіv, Ale tse Yea ob'єktivna Umov іsnuvannya Kraina, її suspіlstva skin i s us.

W іnshogo side, for rakhunok power podatkіv that rіznih platezhіv Yurydychna i fіzichnih osіb formuє spetsіalnі fund: pensіyny; sotsіalnogo, medichnogo strahuvannya; spriyannya zaynyatostі toscho. Tse daє zmogu їy splachuvati pensії nepratsezdatnim ladies, materіalno pіdtrimuvati dіtey-sirіt, іnvalіdіv, bezrobіtnih, vіdshkodovuvati vtratu zarobіtnoї pay through injury i hvorobi. W sovereign budget, yaky takozh formuєtsya mainly due rakhunok podatkіv, Power fіnansuє Sistemi osvіti, receptionists Health Protection, utrimuє silovі structure (armіyu, mіlіtsіyu toscho).

Saying to Figuratively, ekonomіka domogospodarstva pov'yazana s ekonomіkoyu powers for principle spoluchenih Posudin. In perіodi ekonomіchnoї aktivnostі zrostaє obsyag virobnitstva (natsіonalny dohіd Kraina) i suspіlstvo Got mozhlivіst pіdvischuvati Dobrobut sіmey Shlyakhov zbіlshennya yak dohodіv of labor, so i pensіy, stipendіy, іnshih sotsіalnih viplat. The I Hoca mozhlivostі sіm'ї schodo manevruvannya svoїmi resources nebezmezhnі navіt in perіodi spriyatlivoї ekonomіchnoї kon'yunkturi, Won Mauger bіlshe vitrachati koshtіv on potochnі require osvіtu, zmіtsnennya Zdorov'ya svoїh chlenіv that ROBIT zaoschadzhennya.

In perіodi pogіrshennya zagalnoї ekonomіchnoї kon'yunkturi (crisis) in revenues kraїnі sіm'ї skorochuyutsya i won musit zmenshuvati svoї vidatki abo shukati novі mozhlivostі dohodіv renovations.

So rank, formuvannya i vikoristannya sіmeynih dohodіv, zavershuyuchi processes (phase) rozpodіlu, Je vazhlivim that actively vazhelem ekonomіchnogo stimulyuvannya suspіlnogo virobnitstva that stabіlnogo sotsіalnogo rozvitku suspіlstva.