home Political economy Політична економія - Bєляєв О.О.

Політична економія - Bєляєв О.О.

The formula (рівняння) of Harrod-Domar is such a vigil:

Abo ,

De G - the rate of economic growth;

С - відносня капіталу до випуску продукції (національного доходу), тобто коефіцієнт капіталомісткості;

S - part of the invasion of the national income.

At the induced vizhe rivnyanni author model to wake up, but S = I; G: C - a part of pure investments from national income. This kind of knowledge, knowing the basic economical parameters (national capital, national priorities, eco, security, clean immigration and investment), can predict the approximate pace of the economy for the future. Prote real tempi mozyut vidriznyatis vid rashrahovogo srednjogo pokazanik, oskilki vonyi zalajat vid strokturi іnvestitsіy, vikoristanya tehnichnyh dosyagnen, phasis of an economical cycle of those інших змінних factorів, які впливають на економічну кон'юнктуру.

Model of vibrotic functions

Economically, zostannya mozhe bouti is protected for rahunok paralelnyh contribution to the riches of the factor, but to rob them of high-productivity. So, razіonalne spivvidnoshennya mizh pratseyu і kapitalom, u razii zmіni, rozrahovuyutsya for dopomogo vibrochnichoi funktsii, basically yakaya - nikarkhiy variant marginal productivities of the skin i zarulenich factor. Tse virazhaetsya such a formula:

Q = f (L, K, N),

De Q - the vigilance of the products (national income);

L - сукупні витрати праці;

K - contributions of capital;

N - land resources.

This formula characterizes the extensive type of economical zrostania. And the intensive type of zrostan can be described by such a rank:

On the basis of the vibronic functions of the American economist P. Douglas and the mathematician H. Cobb indulged a two-factor model of the economy economy, in which they demonstrated the direct accumulation of the vital (the result) of the vibrobit and the magnitude of the vibrotic costs.

Model Cobb-Douglas virazhaetsya such a formula:

Q = f (L, K).

Zgіdno z danoyu formula with zbіlshennі costs pravіі і kapitalі na x% of the product (national income) growth rate takozh per х percentів.

Багатофакторні модели на зростання

At the podschomu buli there are pre-requisites and models, yaki vrachovuvali umovi, scho vplyivayut na stemіn vzajmozamyuunostіnosti factor in this differentiation, and takozh on ekonomichne zrostannya directly that is mediated, tobto bahatofaktorny model (napriklad, rozraunki factor in the economical economy of the American economist E. Denison).

The number of models is motivated by the accrued rents of the populist, the proponents of the dynamical balance, the remainder of the time is the dynamism of the capital contributions, the new money is coming, the new money comes. Suitnosti bugatokh z cich models to be created before, sho інвестиції мають perebachi dinamiku popzhivchogo popita. A oskilki ekonomichna rivnivaga for such a conception of the spirit of the unstable, then nepohіdni stvuchannya in tsi process through finansovo-kreditnu polity.

It is important to curse at the ubiquitous and universal model of V. Leontyev, yak distala called "spend-vypusk". Її author proanalizuvav system of interdependence in economics yak iodinogo tsilogo on the basis of the table mizhgaluzevogo balance. In the table vzajmozv'yaz mizh "vitratami" (in stovpchikah) and "vipuskom", abo vigotovlenuyu product (order), permissive z'yasuvati, yaku kіlkіst odnієї produktsії potrybno vikoristy for vibrobnitsva іnshїї.

The theoretical model of "expense-vigilance" became the basis for the motivations of the US economy model of the economy, and it also nibbled the width in the other regions, including in the quantitative SRSR. In 1973 the river. For the scrapping of the method of "spend-vigilance", that yoga practitioner is being squandered. V. Leont'evu bula was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics.

The Concept of Zero Zstone

On the cob of the 70's, the rock of the winter sports hall was so called the concept of a zero-cost economy. The essence of the problems of polygamy is that the negative aspects of the shvidkogo eco-economic zistaniya have been firmly settled, the wreck of the vicious world has been dealt with and the devaluation of the silk resources of the syringes. Syrovina became defective, and the consumer in noiselessly zrostayut. For існуючих тренцій залучення природних ресурсів у виробництво человекство дійде до межі, for the anchored yo I'm a global catastrophe: vіnazhennya natural resources, economical catastrophes and погіршення якості життя в цілому. In the name of the problem, it is necessary to synchronize the pace of economic development.

Z poghilnikami conception of zero zostannya important to wait. Ajsam sama dinamichne ekonomichne zrostania vystupa yak golovna peredumova pom'yakshennya superechnosti mizh zrostaschimi bytami ta obmezhenimi resourses. Yak has already been designated, the NTR to bring up to suttievi zmіn at the factors of economical zhostan'ya. Vaughn is allowed to produce more products in smaller amounts, including changing costs of energy and traditional mineral resources.

Pokazniki ekonomichnogo zrostaniya

Naiibilsh is concentrated and complexly characterizes the economy of the country, demonstrates the productiveness of the sushpilnoi prači, čo viznachaetsya yak vidnoshennya (at groshovіy formi) product vypuski (in the scale of the krainy - national income) to the costs of living. Zvorotny pokaznik productivity in practice - tse laboromistkist praci. Він показує, скільки необхідно суспільству затратити праці, щоб виготовити одницю продукції. Closer to them, a demonstrator інтенсивності праці, який характерє затрати праці за одницю часу.

Відношення (in грошовій формаі) the product's oath to the main capitals viznacha productiveness kapitalu, abo znayomіshy us for show of funds. Zotorotnyi yomu pokaznik - tse kapitalomistkist proizvodstva. Наскільки раціонально, productively використовуться обмежені природні ресурси, характерє показник матеріаломісткості - відношення (в грошовій формаі) виготовленої продукції до затра використаних ресурсів.

Z points of the world of the marginal pidhodu prior to the analysis of the borderline displays, important - the showers of the marginal productivities of the vibrobitvtva. Wongs characterize the growth rate on the regional income as a result of the increase in the factor: pratsi; Capitals; Natural resources. Hocha upskonaloi techniques such rozraunkiv shche nemye, ale zahіdnі ekonomisti vvazhayut, sho parts of the given factors in the amount of the national income are as follows: zabobitnoi plati (pratsi) - 75-80%; Surplus і percent - 15-18% of those natural resources - 5-7%.

This rank, zabezpechuchi ekonomichnoe zrostannia, people obvinnі vdaskonaljuvati ekonomichnyi protsi, yak characterize zagadі pokazniki. All the stinkers of the past, decide to focus on the productiveness of the product, the complex factor of the Istar is the NTP.