home Political economy Basics of ekonomіchnoї teorії: polіtekonomіchny aspect

Basics of ekonomіchnoї teorії: polіtekonomіchny aspect

§ 4. Power yak organіzator competitive vіdnosin

Suchasna konkurentsіya Reigning regulovana. Reigning Regula-vannya competitive vіdnosin polyagaє in dotrimannі optimal poєdnannya monopoly-regulyuyuchih that the competitive forces in the quiet chi іnshih Rink. Zasobami sovereign vplivu Je zakonodavstvo about rules stvorennya, funktsіonuvannya th pripinennya dіyalnostі pid-priєmstv i regularly vibіrkovy control s side vikonavchoї vla-di, in addition chislі through auditorsku system.

Zakonodavchu zaboronu chi obmezhennya cartel galuzevih land, іnkoli trestіvskoї organіzatsії the Branch, Vpershe Bulo vprovadzheno at 1891 p. in USA. Antitrestіvske zakonodavstvo for type Amer kanskogo Bulo priynyate in Velikobritanії in 1848 p., In Frantsії in 1963, in 1964 Іtalії p. In kraїnah Shіdnoї Єvropi Antimonopoly zakonodavstvo Pocha rozroblyati naprikіntsі 80 rokіv. Ameri-kanske antitrestіvske zakonodavstvo efektivnosti regulyuє proce-B horizontal ob'єdnannya i do not dopuskaє nadmіrnoї vnutrіshno-galuzevoї monopolіzatsії. Napriklad, zastosuvannya antitrestіvskih sanktsіy sprichinilosya to rozpusku in 1911 p. trestіv "Standard Oil", "American tobekko" rozukrupnennya in 1982 p. "ATT" obmezhennya monopoly panuvannya "Alcoa", "Dupont". Zuko cartel-nodavstvo stimulyuє mіzhgaluzeve transfusion kapіtalu i spriyaє rozvitku bagatogaluzevih korporatsіy.

In kraїnah Zahіdnoї Єvropi cartel zakonodavstvo lіbe-ralnіshe, nіzh the US. Zi spherical yogo dії viklyuchenі natsіonalіzovanі pіdpriєmstva, sіlske Gospodarstwa, ribalstvo, lіsove Gospodar-tion, vidobutok vugіllya, phone reception, strahuvannya toscho. Je vinyatki schodo deyakih tipіv mіzhfіrmovih lands, such lands yak mіzh malimi th se-rednіmi kompanіyami, eksportnі to please, please, pov'yazanі s ratsіo-nalіzatsієyu.

In Nіmechchinі pіdtrimka konkurentsії powers Je pershochergovim zavdannyam vnutrіshnoї ekonomіchnoї polіtiki. Laws against obme Well-ennya konkurentsії zaboronyaє utvorennya kartelіv that INSHI Vidi with a cotton-lands, vіn dіє in bіlshostі Galuzo obrobnoї promislovostі that in budіvnitstvі. Sogodnі Power kontrolyuє tsіnovu konkurentsіyu in vugіlnіy promislovostі, sotsіalnіy іnfrastrukturі, Private op-ganіzatsіyah nekomertsіynogo nature through regulyuvannya obsyagu virobnitstva pіdtrimuє konkurentsіyu in elektro-, gas that Vodoz-bezpechennі on Water transportі th at zv'yazku, stimulyuє Borotba for access to Rinku zbutu in vuglevidobuvnіy promislovostі, chornіy metalurgії in orendі Zhitlo.

Antimonopoly zakonodavstvo in Ukraїnі viznachaє pravovі wasps Novi obmezhennya monopolіzmu, prevent nedobrosovіsnoї con kurentsії in pіdpriєmnitskіy dіyalnostі that zdіysnennya sovereign control of Yogo dotrimannyam. Monopoly vvazhaєtsya TAKE encampment pіdpriєmtsya, if yogo chastka on market analysis Pevnyi product perevischuє 35 vіdsotkіv i vіn Got zmogu samostіyno abo s time Іnshi mi pіdpriєmtsyami obmezhuvati konkurentsіyu here. Law of Ukraine "About obmezhennya monopolіzmu that prevent nedobrosovіsnoї con kurentsії in pіdpriєmnitskіy dіyalnostі" priynyatim bereznі in 1992 p., Zmіnami to Demba she priynyatim chervnі 1996 at p. Yogo rozvitok on the Law of Ukraine "About Zahist od nedobrosovіsnoї konkurentsії" OAO All karayutsya dії pіdpriєmtsya, SSMSC spryamovanі on stvorennya re-Skoda access to rinok іnshim that on vstanovlennya diskrimіnatsіy-tsіn them on svoї goods. Dwellers not dopustiti zlovzhivannya monopole-it camp on market analysis, stvoryuyutsya kompetentnі derzhavnі bodies SSMSC povinnі kontrolyuvati land, scho pid-ukladayutsya mіzh priєmtsyami and takozh mіzh pіdpriєmtsyami that authorities Vladi th-lіnnya councils. Before їhnіh funktsіy go takozh pid control over the conduct-priєmtsyami konkurentsії s metoyu zapobіgannya nedobrosovіsnim forms i її methods.

In vsіh kraїnah control vikonannyam Antimonopoly Zuko-nіv zdіysnyuyut spetsіalnі derzhavnі antitrestіvskі bodies. The CC-raїnі takі funktsії very hard to have stvoreny bereznі 1992 p. Anti-monopoly komіtet that yogo teritorіalnі vіddіlennya. Before yogo kompetentsії Inbox: viznachennya exclusive encampments pіdpri-єmtsіv to market analysis; zdіysnennya control over dotrimannyam antimony-pole vimog at stvorennі, reorganіzatsії chi lіkvіdatsії monopole utvoren them; of acceptance rіshen i rozporyadzhen about pripinennya torn down antitrust zakonodavstva that about vіdnovlennya Pochatkova camp.

Nezvazhayuchi on nayavnіst podіbnih organіv formally characterized ter їhnoї dіyalnostі, nekonkretnіst okremih formulyuvan Zuko-nіv sprichinyuyutsya to іgnoruvannya chi nepovnogo dotrimannya en timonopolnogo zakonodavstva. Navіt in rinkove rozvinutih edge-їnah, SSMSC Vote posilennya control over galuzevimi ob'єd-nannyami, Quantity nedotriman antitrust zakonodavstva postіyno zrostaє. Especially Tse types for Je-bearing-down fіnanso ugrupovan vortices.

Ninі in kraїnah s rinkovoyu ekonomіkoyu i in quiet, scho rolling up rinkovoї Economy, posilyuєtsya pіdtrimka s side powers rinkovo-competitive forces. Nezvazhayuchi on spetsifіchnі osoblivostі, pereorієntatsіya on prіoritet rinkovogo mehanіzmu in kraїnah oboh stupenіv rozvitku Got zagalnі RISI, the foundation yakih becoming zmіna ekonomіchnih funktsіy powers. On Purshia plan for Bulo visunuto-vdannom stvorennya spriyatlivogo іnvestitsіynogo klіmatu i stimulus vannya Private kapіtaloutvoren Shlyakhov zdіysnennya budget and podatkovoї that credit-groshovoї polіtiki; zaohochennya competitive forces

rentsії i stvorennya PRIVATE pіdpriєmnitstvu Pevnyi minds for rozgortannya rinkovoї dіyalnostі. Sered zahodіv, spryamovanih on vikonannya tsogo zavdannya, boules deregulyuvannya in ryadі Galuzo eco-nomіki reform upravlіnnya Reigning kompanіyami, revіzіya (abo stvorennya) antitrust zakonodavstva.

Vіdpovіdno to reform deregulyuvannya Bulo skasovano direct re-gulyuvannya tsіn i tarifіv in okremih Galuzo Economy, Usuns zhorstkі reglamentatsії minds proniknennya in Galuzo konkuruyuchih kapіtalіv. The United States, napriklad, tsya system zahodіv ohopila avіa- 'zalіznichny i ​​vantazhny transport, the Branch telekomunіkatsії, to de-mіnuvav vuzkogaluzevy i promonopolіstichny character powers-tion regulyuvannya.

- Revіzіya antitrust zakonodavstva in kraїnah s rinkovoyu ekonomіkoyu polyagaє in rozshirennі mozhlivostey privatnopіdpri-єmnitskoї dіyalnostі. Stimulyuєtsya zmіtsnennya bagatogaluzevih kompleksіv, usuvayutsya pereshkodi pіdvischennyu rіvnya ekonomіchnoї іntegratsії-wide natsіonalnih ekonomіchnih systems. Law of Ukraine "About obmezhennya monopolіzmu that prevent nedobroso-vіsnoї konkurentsії in pіdpriєmnitskіy dіyalnostі" spryamovany on rozvitok konkurentsії on demonopolіzatsіyu Economy. Vіn vіdkri-vaє mozhlivostі schodo Formation rinkovih vіdnosin in kraїnі, co-mertsіalіzatsії Reigning structures formuvannya spriyatlivih eco-nomіchnih minds for novostvorenih of companies.

In tsіlomu modernіzatsіya gospodarskoї Sistemi spriyala Posey-lennyu rolі tsіnovih faktorіv, zmіtsnennyu, and deyakih kraїnah hundred-lished rinkovih vіdnosin, pіdvischennyu gnuchkostі ekonomіchnih systems.

Practice svіdchit about ekonomіchnu neefektivnіst gospodaryuvannya command systems. Ekonomіka Kraina s rozvinutim suspіl-it podіlom pratsі not Mauger normal funktsіonuvati, Yakscho her keruyut pozaekonomіchnimi methods: Direct Relief for vkazі wok, obov'yazkovih to vikonannya zverhu teams. Viklikana tains up-cha ekstremalnimi minds s podolannyam їh, command system to blame for Buti "zamіnena Form gospodaryuvannya, efektivnіst yakoї perevіrena trivalim lyudskim dosvіdom. Such was the form Je Rinko Island system.

Rushіynі Sealy rozvitku, vtіlenі in commodity virobnitstvі, ladies-in Livo, Lombardy perіod їh stihіynoї dії, nerіdko zumovlyuvali potryasіnnya in gospodarstvі kraїn rozvinutoї rinkovoї Economy, Econom-ruynіvnі mіchnі crisis. Vihіd Bulo znaydeno in posilennі regulyuyuchih funktsіy powers. Basics gospodarskoї system yak i ranіshe, zalishaєt Xia rinok against regulators yogo vzaєmodіyut s vnutrіshnіm fіrmo-Wim planuvannyam (BIZNES plan) i Reigning vazhelyami tsentralі-tion regulyuvannya.