home Political economy Basics of ekonomіchnoї teorії: polіtekonomіchny aspect

Basics of ekonomіchnoї teorії: polіtekonomіchny aspect

§ 4. Osnovnі factors SSMSC vplivayut on popit domogospodarstva

On popit domogospodarstva vplivaє sukupnіst faktorіv, Sereda yakih nayvagomіshimi Je perevagi, rozmіr income rіven tsіn, obsyag Lane domogospodarstva.

Zmіna income Veda to zmіni budget obmezhennya: Yakscho income zrostaє then vіdbudetsya parallel zsuv budget obmezhennya to-burn; Yakscho znizhuєtsya - the bottom. Vіdpovіdno to tsogo іndivіd ne-rehoditime to іnshih porіvnyano s vihіdnim spozhivchih planіv. Pere nesenі on okremy grafіk krivі scho vіdobrazhayut zalezhnіst popitu on okreme benefit od the amount of income, nazvanі to honor vchenogo, yaky Tse Vpershe Zroby, Engel curve. Mozhlivі three tipi reaktsії Spozhiv-vaca on zmіnu income: a) zmіna obsyagu spozhivannya good in fact Well napryamі; b) zmіna obsyagu spozhivannya good in protilezhnomu napryamі;

c) vіdsutnіst reaktsії popitu on zmіnu income. Zgіdno s Persha EYAD types reaktsії domogospodarstva rozrіznyayut vischі that nizhchі good.

Pid vischimi benefits rozumіyut takі, popit to SSMSC Zi zbіlshennyam income zrostaє and Zi zmenshennyam - znizhuєtsya. Types applied my house-shaping can Buti good, scho zadovolnyayut duhovnі required.

Pid nizhchimi rozumіyut benefits popit to SSMSC Zi zbіlshennyam to-go znizhuєtsya and Zi zmenshennyam - zrostaє. Tse napriklad, blah ha scho zadovolnyayut fіzichnі (Especially fіzіologіchnі) require, yak, you will need to Pevnyi kinds produktіv harchuvannya.

Stupіn reaktsії popitu on zmіnu income vimіryuyut pokaznikom dohodnoї elastichnostі, yaky pokazuє stupіn zmіni popitu deposits, but od zmіni income.

zhivchih good look around at sposіb s Act reasonably domogospodarstva. Won Got vіdnosny character: when nizkomu rіvnі DOBROBUT domogospodar-tion "tipovі" nizhchі good will yak vischі; when dosyagnennі rіvnya nasichennya required in the "model" vischomu blazі vono pochne viyavlya-minute RISS nizhchogo t i. e. Іnakshe Saying to all deposits od vihіdnoї dohodnoї bazi that rіvnya zadovolennya required.

Іnshim factor popitu, Money Does in mіkroekonomіtsі pridіlyayut per-shochergovu uwagi, Je tsіni. And slіd rozrіznyati vpliv on popit yak bezposeredno tsіni tsogo good, so i tsіn іnshih benefits SSMSC znahodyatsya s him at Pevnyi zv'yazku.

Reaktsіya popitu domogospodarstva on zmіnu tsіni Pevnyi good Dhu Movla viklikanim CIM zrushennyam budget obmezhennya - vіdbu-escape yogo turn zmіna Kuta Nakheel vіdpovіdno up directly, Thou th zmіnitsya Rate (Figure 23.). Vnaslіdok tsogo bude іndivіd realіzovuva-minute Inshyj plan spozhivannya zgіdno s novim budgetary obmezhennyam.

Pіdvischennya tsіni good X, led to a decline poslіdovnogo lіnії budget obmezhennya that transition іndivіda on nizhchu curve bei duzhostі that vіdpovіdno Vibor novih optimally planіv In that S. Vіdklavshi values ​​tsіni's good, that koresponduyuchі obsyagi popitu on Demba on okremomu grafіku, dіstanemo curve popitu (lіva-part in Fig. 23). Won Je grafіchnim The images funktsії popitu to-mogospodarstva i pokazuє, naskіlki zmіnitsya popit іndivіda the benefit of fallow od Pevnyi rіvnya tsіni to Demba. In tsomu vipadku vnaslіdok pіdvischennya tsіni popit znizhuєtsya. Taqiy vzaєmozv'yazok mіzh tsіnoyu i popitom typical for zvichaynih benefits. Well Yakscho at zrostannі tsіni popit zbіlshuvatimetsya, TAKE benefit nazivaєtsya gіfenskim (for іm'yam anglіyskogo ekonomіsta R. Pfena, yaky For the first above-zafіksuvav Taku reaktsіyu, analіzuyuchi popit on hlіb naybіdnі-shih verstv population). Abnormal character reaktsії popitu on zmіnu tsіn poyasnyuєtsya tim, scho at nizkomu rіvnі dohodіv, if domogospodarstva vitrachayut їh practical povnіstyu on Zadoff-lennya Perche zhittєvih require pіdvischennya tsіn on tsі dosit de shevі porіvnyano s іnshimi good prizvede before scho domogospodar-tion vіdmovlyatimutsya od spozhivannya bіlsh expensive yakіsnih pro-duktіv i spozhivatimut deshevі benefits nezvazhayuchi on zrostannya tsіn them.

Prote yavische zbіlshennya popitu at zrostannі tsіn (paradox Gіfena) mozhlive in іnshih vipadkah not pov'yazanih s situatsієyu niz-one rіvnya dohodіv domogospodarstva. Napriklad, if spozhivachі otsіnyuyut yakіst predmetіv spozhivannya not osnovі vivchennya їhnoї spozhivnoї vartostі and zgіdno s rіvnem tsіni, vvazhayuchi scho bіlsh Visoka Cena Je іndikatorom vischih spozhivnih yakostey (Hoca Zhittya often pokazuє, scho in bagatoh vipadkah tse not); if spozhivachі kupuyut pevnі good s metoyu pіdtrimki Vlasnyi prestige (as titles snobіstsky efekt); nareshtі, such reaktsіya mozhliva in razі temple іnflyatsіynih ochіkuvan population, if Flea rozkupovu-yutsya for pіdvischenoyu tsіnoyu sogodnі to deprivation, scho stink tomorrow koshtuvatimut nabagato dorozhche.

Stupіn reaktsії popitu domogospodarstva on Pevnyi benefit vіdpo-vіdno to zmіni yogo tsіni harakterizuє pokaznik tsіnovoї elastich-nostі. Vіn pokazuє, naskіlki zmіnitsya popit, Yakscho rіven tsіni zmіnitsya 1 vіdsotok:

on zmіnu tsіni. Chim bіlshy for the absolute value pokaznik elastichnostі, team vіdchutnіshe reaguvatime popit domogospodarstva on zmіnu tsіni.

Popit domogospodarstva reaguє takozh on zmіni tsіn іnshih benefits. So, Yakscho Pevnyi benefit spozhivaєtsya in kombіnatsії s іnshim (for example, the treasure avtomobіl i pal, kava i Zukor), dopovnyuє yogo spozhivchі of Quality, zmіna tsіni on tse dopovnyuyuche (is complementary to) the benefit of Vic-liche protilezhnі for spryamovanіstyu zmіni in popitі to TAKE benefit :

pіdvischennya tsіni on kava at nezmіnnіy tsіnі tsukru vikliche Change-shennya popitu on kava and otzhe, i yak on Zukor complementarity to the benefit of Demba. Yakscho to tsogo good Je zamіnniki (substitutes), pіdvi-schennya tsіni on Demba when nezmіnnih tsіnah substitutіv zooms switching popitu on good tsі. Prodovzhuyuchi sightings at-a treasure, a substitute to the Kawi mozhna nazvati tea: zrostannya tsіni on kava prizvede to pіdvischennya popitu tea.

Stupіn reaktsії popitu on Pevnyi benefit fallow od zmіni tsіn іnshih benefits vimіryuєtsya for Relief pokaznika perehresnoї ELAS-tichnostі. Vіn pokazuє, naskіlki zmіnitsya popit on tse good, Yakscho Cena іnshogo good zmіnitsya 1 vіdsotok:

Character vplivu rіznih faktorіv on popit domogospodarstva on Pevnyi benefit uzagalneno Table. 10.

Analіzuyuchi vpliv varіatsії tsіn on popit domogospodarstva, eco-nomіsti (.. J. Hіks, Je Slutsky that іn) dіyshli visnovku scho zagal-ny efekt zmіni tsіn mozhna rozklasti two efekt: a) efekt income oskіlki pіdvischennya tsіn the benefit oznachaє Real znizhennya them dohodіv domogospodarstva i navpaki; b) efekt zamіni, oskіlki zmіna tsіni viklikaє pevnі zmіni in popitі on INSHI good, scho znaho-dyatsya s CIM in complementary chi vicariously zv'yazku. Vrahuvannya Tsikh efektіv duzhe vazhlive at analіzі naslіdkіv tsіno-vortices zrushen, zokrema at zdіysnennі powers direct chi OPOS-redkovanogo vtruchannya in tsіnovy mehanіzm: tsі come in in rіznomu

mozhut vplivati ​​on popit okremih fallow population group od їhnogo rіvnya dohodіv, structure potreb toscho and otzhe, zumovlyuvati sotsіalno-ekonomіchnі naslіdki directly protilezhnі ochіkuvanim.