Основы економічної теорії: політекономічний аспект

§ 3. Tractuations for the development of economical theories in everyday models

Viznachnye predstavniki nemarkistskikh strains of the science of science in the method of analisis progressed in the XX century. A number of models. Nay-vedomishi means them - cumulative, falsifikatsyna, naukovicheskogo revolyutsiy, rival programs of dosage, cyclic rose-thread. To vocim-economists stinks to serve as wholesome theories for the interpretation of real historical processes in the development of economical theories.

Cumulative model. Виникнення її пов'язане з robots відо-мого французького виченого П. Дюгема. The basic concepts of the model are "accumulated knowledge", "spadkoemnist", "induvidualny vnesok u nauku", "pershovidkrivachi" tochno - uchoplyuyut її зміст. The science of roses is to look at the sukupnist of facts, the theory of methods, znbranikh in pid-ruchnikah, and rozvitok її -ak postupoviy poslіdovny process on-copied scientific naukovny. Chimalo vtshah pershoi half of the XX century. These positions were interpreted as such for the development of economical theories.

Suhchadnі ekonomisti takozh zastosovuyt cumulyativnu model. Author pidruchnika "Polichitna ekonomiya", scho vijshov already chotir-nadtsyatim vidannyany, vidomiy frantsuzkogo vzchenii R. Barr stver-dzhue: "The economical science does not vykidadaє nichogo zhto, scho made in the non-vigilant economics of the past." Do not prototype yourself. " Ідеям, а скоріше продовжує, розвиває abo do-povnyuєє їх on strains, on yakі її crossbars are not zvernuli nalezh-noy respects abo lichee have been told. In addition, vona vistaschayatsya zbіg zastosovuvanyh metodі analіzu. "".

Nasravdі ж розвиток економічної теорії супроводжується пе-реломними етапами, які призводять до якісних змін у теорії, radical to look at each other about economics. In other words, vin popovyazany z evolyutsіnymi i revolutsionnimi periodami.

Falsifikatsyna model. Author її - відомий the American philosopher K. Popper. The basic concepts are "progostuvannya gipo-tez", "falsifikatsionizm", "obektivne znannya." Sutnist її field-gaє in that, ьсто історія sciences-tecіstіyaі of the uninterrupted vіsunennya гіпотез і простування їх в ходімпіричних перевірок (via експе-римент або спостереження). Uncommon negayna vidmova vіd teorії, yak tilki viyavleno її falsifikatsiyu.

However, two prototypes of Konstantin Popper are missing. First of all, be conceived, but the real processes of science development come to the halos of natural sciences, not speaking about eco-nomic, yaki majut znachnu specifiku, nikoli not bouv so ra-tsionannym process. Відмова від фальсифікованиї теорій настає лише в разі створення більш досконалої нової теорії. In a different way, one can say that the hypothesis and the proverbiality are one of the methods of the scientific progres. The development of science is not conducive to giving to the proverbial pious politicians, but to informing the right and the right for self-criticism of the main principle of science, dopovnennyaem main science zmistu.

The model of the scientific revolution. Suttieviy nebolik rozgljanutih ra-nishe models polagaye in that, in them the principle of istorism is to be interchanged on the basis of the declarations of the yogo and not the breeze of the economically-economical pen. Podolati tsei nedolik poklikanі novyotnyi modely, yakі vysushuli predstavniki іstorichnoї shkoly in the methodology of science T. Kuhn, І. Lakatosh, P. Feyerabend, B. Caldwell t іn,

In the 60's, the American language, T. Kun, robbed the model of the revolutionary revolution, which is known in the center of science discusions. Klyuchovі її poniattenya - "paradigm", "naukovo comradeship", "normal science