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Bankіvskі operatsії - Frost AM

3. ROZRAHUNKOVO-KASOVІ OPERATSІЇ BANKІV

3.1. Basics of Zagalnі operatsіy bankіv s rozrahunkovo-kasovogo obslugovuvannya klієntіv

Rozrahunkovo-kasovі operatsії polyagayut in zabezpechennі Ruhu penny koshtіv on rahunkah klієntіv bankіv zgіdno s їhnіmi doruchennyami. Tsі operatsії posіdayut Location Especially in bankіvskіy dіyalnostі i vіdіgrayut vazhlivu role in zabezpechennі uspіshnogo perebіgu ekonomіchnih protsesіv on mіkro- that makrorіvnyah.

Rozrahunkovo-kasove obslugovuvannya klієntіv Je odnієyu s troh base operatsіy bankіv, SSMSC konstituyuyut їh yak osoblivі fіnansovі place the scho nazivayutsya banks. Tom tsі operatsії tіsno pov'yazanі s usіma іnshimi bankіvskimi operatsіyami. Whether yak operatsіya bankіv - i Passive, active i, i nadannya poslug - neminuche suprovodzhuєtsya zdіysnennyam payments otzhe - rozrahunkovim chi kasovim obslugovuvannyam vіdpovіdnogo klієnta. And for such vikonannya operatsіy banks not potrіbnі dodatkovі reserves oskіlki neobhіdnі Costa toil Buti in quiet klієntіv for doruchennyam yakih banks zdіysnyuyut platezhі chi kasovі operatsії.

For svoїm character tsі operatsії, Vlasnyi, Yea Hotel, i for them banks charge styaguyut s klієntіv in viglyadі komіsіynoї vinagorodi rather than percent. Obsession of dohodіv do banks vіdnosno cheap i no digit rizikіv for їh fіnansovogo camp. Tom zrostannya obsyagіv rozrahunkovo-kasovih operatsіy Yea i nadіynim vigіdnim way zbіlshennya dohodіv i pіdvischennya rentabelnostі bankіvskoї dіyalnostі.

For klієntіv bankіv rozrahunkovo-kasovі operatsії zabezpechuyut obsession trumpery ekvіvalenta for realіzovanu produktsіyu Chi Hotel, neobhіdnih pay for virobnitstva materіalnih resursіv, viplatu zarobіtnoї pay pratsіvnikam, zobov'yazan payments to the budget that pozabyudzhetnimi funds nakopichennya that vikoristannya zaoschadzhen toscho. Tom denote shvidshe that nadіynіshe banks zdіysnyuyut rozrahunkovo-kasove obslugovuvannya svoїh klієntіv, team Krashchi minds stvoryuyutsya in ostannіh for vіdtvoryuvalnogo processes, zmіtsnennya platіzhnoї distsiplіni, rehabilitation fіnansovogo will, and kіntsevomu pіdsumku - for pіdvischennya zhittєvogo rіvnya population.

Rozrahunkovo-kasovі operatsії bankіv zabezpechuyut perevazhnu Chastain potokіv sukupnogo trumpery turnover. Whether SSMSC pereboї in rozrahunkovo-kasovih operatsіyah neminuche prizvodyat to galmuvannya penny potokіv that rozbalansuvannya trumpery turnover, scho negatively vplivaє the camp Economy in tsіlomu on rozvitok virobnitstva tovarіv that poslug.

Vazhliva role svoєchasnogo zdіysnennya penny platezhіv in zabezpechennі funktsіonuvannya Economy kozhnoї Kraina obumovlyuє neobhіdnіst stvorennya spetsіalnih platіzhnih systems spromozhnih Nadachi vsіm ekonomіchnim agents (fіzichnim that Yurydychna ladies) mozhlivіst vikonati svoї platіzhnі zobov'yazannya.

Platіzhna system wide rozumіnnі - tse sukupnіst viznachenih platіzhnih іnstrumentіv law, rules, regulations, and procedures that takozh mehanіzmіv їh zastosuvannya vsіma sub'єktami trumpery turnover. Participants platіzhnoї Sistemi Je All types of companies, derzhavnі structure gromadskі organіzatsії, population, komertsіynі that the central bank. Established in furrows platіzhnoї system for vsіh її uchasnikіv viznachenih law rules that the rules put povedіnki їh in rіvnі minds zahischaє Interests s skin them. Tom stvorennya visokoefektivnoї, dіyovoї that nadіynoї platіzhnoї Sistemi Yea one іz klyuchovih ekonomіchnih zavdan powers.

Especially Location in platіzhnih systems posіdayut banks. Pong tіlki not take the fate of their yak paysite zvichaynі that oderzhuvachі platezhіv and yak th poseredniki in payments poklikanі yaknayshvidshe in real rezhimі hour dostaviti groshovі Costa od paysite to oderzhuvacha. Qiu role in platіzhnіy sistemі banks vikonuyut through sukupnіst rozrahunkovo-kasovih operatsіy, SSMSC on sutі, Je klyuchovim Elements platіzhnoї system drive pasami vsogo trumpery turnover.

In organіzatsії rozrahunkovo-kasovih operatsіy mozhna vidіliti three Etap: pіdgotovka organіzatsіynih, tehnіchnih that tehnologіchnih peredumov zdіysnennya for payment; formuvannya that committing Informácie schodo payment; perekazuvannya chi committing pennies tobto platіzh himself. In Persha etapі zdіysnyuyutsya takі dії, yak vіdkrittya banks rahunkіv for uchasnikіv platіzhnoї system stvorennya Komp'yuterniy systems zv'yazku, priymannya, obroblennya, oblіku that committing Informácie, emіsіya platіzhnih kartok toscho. On the other etapі vikonuyutsya takі operatsії, yak pіdgotovka, zabezpechennya Zahist, committing that perevіrka jar on spravzhnіst Informácie, neobhіdnoї zdіysnennya for payment on Pevnyi іnstrumentah (nosіyah). On the third etapі zdіysnyuyutsya priymannya - vidavannya gotіvki on rahunkah klієntіv, perekazuvannya s rahunku pennies rakhunok paysite on oderzhuvacha chi zalіk vzaєmnoї zaborgovanostі.

Vazhlive Location in rozrahunkovo-kasovih operatsіyah posіdayut platіzhnі іnstrumenti, pid yakimi rozumіyut Pevnyi nosіїv Informácie, scho banks sluguyut legal pіdstavoyu for zdіysnennya penny perekazіv on rahunki chi vikonannya kasovih operatsіy (check, promissory note, platіzhne doruchennya, rіznі Vidi platіzhnih kartok toscho). Takі іnstrumenti scho vigotovlenі s Paper the standartizovanoyu strictly for form, opened nazivati rozrahunkovimi documents. Іnstrumenti scho zastosovuyutsya for zdіysnennya platezhіv on elektronnіy osnovі, opened nazivati platіzhnimi kartka * 1.

* 1: {Y Zakonі of Ukraine "On banks i bankіvsku dіyalnіst" od 21.12.2000 p. ponyattya "platіzhnі іnstrumenti" that "rozrahunkovі document" rozglyadayutsya yak totozhnі (v. 51).}

Іnkoli to platіzhnih іnstrumentіv vіdnosyat takozh paperovі groshі, rozmіnnu coin bezgotіvkovі Costa on bankіvskih rahunkah * 2. Tse nadaє їm Nadto wide traktuvannya i generally produces up erasing mezhі mіzh platіzhnimi zasobami yak rіznimi kinds of pennies that platіzhnimi іnstrumentami, kotrі Je tehnіchnimi znaryaddyami zdіysnennya platezhіv. Viznayuchi realnіst takoї mezhі, vodnochase slіd zauvazhiti scho іnkoli buvaє vazhko viznachiti її on praktitsі. So, is the bill at check їh peredavannі on іndosamentu vikoristovuyutsya yak zasobi payments tobto yak groshі, while їh іnkasatsії in a jar - yak platіzhnі іnstrumenti for Relief yakih zdіysnyuєtsya perekazuvannya pennies on rahunkah chi vidacha gotіvki.

* 2: {Div .: Platіzhnі system. - K., 1998. - P. 17.}

Rozrahunkovo-kasovі operatsії banks zdіysnyuyut s urahuvannyam zagalnih printsipіv on yakih bazuєtsya organіzatsіya platіzhnih systems. Especially values ​​for organіzatsії banks rozrahunkovo-kasovogo obslugovuvannya klієntіv toil takі principles:

• ekonomіchnі agents (individuals yuridichnі) - vlasniki penny koshtіv toil right Vibor form of payment (gotіvkoyu bezgotіvkovo chi) is the right bank Vibor Where Money Does hochut stink zberіgati Costa i through yaky zdіysnyuvatimut svoї rozrahunki in bezgotіvkovіy formі * 3;
• * 3: The {Ukraїnі tse right of companies suttєvo obmezhene: їh platezhі gotіvkoyu іnshim pіdpriєmstvam not mozhut perevischuvati 3.0 yew. UAH in the day.}
• zberіgannya koshtіv from banks that perekazuvannya їh zdіysnyuєtsya on bankіvskі rahunki, SSMSC vіdkrivayutsya klієntam on їh Prokhanov at zgodі bankіv. Cutaneous klієnt Got right vіdkriti kіlka rahunkіv rіznih banks have the right to that zberezhennya in taєmnitsі will yogo rahunkіv;
• perekaz koshtіv chi vidacha gotіvki s rahunku zdіysnyuyutsya bank for rozporyadzhennyam vlasnika in order viznachenoї him chergovostі that in furrows zalishku koshtіv on rahunku. Over the minds nizkoї platіzhnoї distsiplіni, yak, napriklad in Ukraїnі in Suchasnyj perіod, power Mauger itself viznachati chergovіst platezhіv, dwellers zahistiti Interests Pevnyi uchasnikіv platezhіv, zokrema sovereign budget, yak Tse Bulo in Ukraїnі until 2001 p .;
• Form perekazuvannya Bank koshtіv on rahunku klієnta viznachaєtsya klієntom vіdpovіdno itself to the shape of bezgotіvkovih rozrahunkіv, peredbachenoї in Yogo gospodarskomu dogovorі (kontraktі) s counterpart at nevtruchannі bank in dogovіrnі vіdnosini mіzh them. Ekonomіchnі agents, yak usually vibirayut Ti FORMS rozrahunkіv, SSMSC naykrasche zahischayut їhnі Interests in kozhnіy konkretnіy gospodarskіy operatsії;
• lines perekazuvannya Bank koshtіv s rahunku viznachaєtsya klієntom vіdpovіdno order to yogo rozrahunkіv s counterparty peredbachenogo in їh gospodarskomu dogovorі. Bezgotіvkovі platezhі mіzh gospodarskimi agents buduyutsya on printsipі strokovostі i mozhut Buti fallow od viznachenogo in dogovorі dostrokovimi string, the string i stitched. Stosovno gospodarskoї operatsії, yak oplachuєtsya, platіzh Mauger Buti: poperednіm (advance); kompensatsіynim, tobto zroblenim negayno pіslya zdіysnennya gospodarskoї operatsії; vіdstrochenim, tobto zdіysnenim through Pevnyi lines pіslya takoї operatsії;
• vіdnosini mіzh bank i have klієntom protsesі rozrahunkovo-kasovogo obslugovuvannya buduyutsya in ambushes partnership vzaєmnoї Vigoda i i zdіysnyuyutsya on pіdstavі agreement about rozrahunkovo-kasove obslugovuvannya. At right is the dogovorі peredbachayutsya obov'yazki storіn and takozh їh vіdpovіdalnіst for nevikonannya take on itself zobov'yazan s fіksatsієyu rozmіrіv shtrafіv for dermal s such torn down.

Ukazanі fun- organіzatsії penny rozrahunkіv obumovlenі zakonomіrnostyami funktsіonuvannya Rinku i naypovnіshe viyavlyayutsya in kraїnah s visokorozvinutimi rinkovimi ekonomіkami. In kraїnah s perehіdnimi ekonomіkami, in fact i chislі in Ukraїnі, tsі fun- postupovo utverdzhuyutsya, i on Pevnyi Etap sposterіgayutsya іstotnі vіdhilennya od їhnіh vimog in praktitsі organіzatsії platіzhnih vіdnosin that rozrahunkovo-kasovih operatsіy bankіv.

So, in Ukraїnі trivaly hour obov'yazkovim Je zberіgannya Yurydychna personages svoїh penny koshtіv on rahunkah from banks. Until 1998, p. dіyala vimoga about zdіysnennya rozrahunkіv mіzh gospodarskimi agents deprivation Shlyakhov perekazuvannya koshtіv on rahunki banks, and could pіdpriєmstvo mother deprivation in one rakhunok natsіonalnіy valyutі second one - in іnozemnіy. H, 1998. pіdpriєmstva toil right mother for two takі rahunki, and z, 1999. whether SSMSC obmezhennya schodo kіlkostі rahunkіv skasovano. W 2001 r. pіdpriєmstva mozhut samostіyno viznachati chergovіst platezhіv Zi svoїh rahunkіv, oskіlki Law "On the order of repayment zaborgovanostі platnikіv podatkіv the budgets that fund Reigning tsіlovimi" skasovana obov'yazkova chergovіst platezhіv that bezspіrne writedowns koshtіv s rahunkіv platnikіv. Samі pіdpriєmstva at viborі forms rozrahunkіv vіddayut perevagu poperednіy oplatі i mayzhe not pay zastosovuyut s vіdstrochkoyu payments tobto komertsіyny loan from sferі rozrahunkіv. Vodnochase wide zastosuvannya Nabeul barternі vіdnosini for yakih vzagalі vіdpadayut rozrahunkovі operatsії bankіv.