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Banking Operations - Moroz AM
9.6. Factoring and Forfaiting
Factoring is a process of operation, a yaqa at the low cost of the mediocommunications in the middle of the crediting of the circulating capital of the subordinated state property. The basis of factoring is the transfer of the third creditor of the rights of a third person to another creditor in the future by compensating such a burg of the first creditor. Actually, the bank (factoring company) is buying the rahunki-invoice of the supplier for the product, the vikonan roboti nadan sggi.
Faktoringov operatsii, krім купівлі rights to вимогу боргу, include:
- Creditworthy in viglyadіi alternately pay borvovih vimog;
- Ведення бухгалтерського обліку почальника, зокрема реалізації продукції (robotics, services);
- Інкасування дебіторської заборгованості почальника;
- Insurance of the lender in respect of credit risk.
Participants of factoring operations can access:
- Poprednik (factor), tobto commercial bank abo factoring company;
- The supplier of goods (robot, service);
- Merchandise.
Відносини між суб'єктами факторингу релюлюються договором, який укладається у почмовій formі між factor i почальникомником. At yomu detyatsya perelik істотних умов, до яких, зокрема, належать ті, що захищають інтереси сторін - взаємні збов'язання і підповідальність сторін, розмір loan і pay for factoring service, factoring kind. Oskilki faktoringov operatsiyu maitu ricikovany character, then before the contracting factor, the factor ґruntovno vivchaє fіnansovo-godararsku dіyalnіst klієnta-podchalnika. Оцінка фінансового стану підприємства впливає на прийняття factor of a positive story about the settlement of factoring business that її зміст.
Factoring operations can be classified as bugatma for signs. For the sector of the market, the factoring of operations, the expansion of internal and external factoring. Intrinsic factoring vneshachaє, shcho postachalnik, kokupets і factor perebuivayut pіd jurisdicticієy odnієї kraїni. When invoking factoring sub'ekti factoring, perebuivayut pid jurisdiction of riznyh krayn.
Zalizhno vіd that, chi poіdomіdlyayutsya debіtori klієnt pro perevіdstlennennya him rights vimogi borgu, factoring mozhe bouti conventionііnim (vіdcritim) ta confidenciynim (zakrimim). When vikriddomu factoring debitoram klієnt povidomlyaetsya about ukladennya contract factoring і пропонується здійснювати paymentі безпосередньо фактору. Zakrytiya factoring is not perebacha povidomlennya debitor, neihto them do not know about perevіdstuplennya postavalnikom rights vimogi borgu, and that koshti perekazuyutsya postpartner, a certain rozrahovuyutsya factor self-esteem.
Zalizhno vіd in nature взаємовідносин між фактор і почальником, що складаються у разі відмовиurching for pay borvovih вимог, розрізняють factoring with the right regress ta factoring without the right regress. In the first vipadka, the post-nurse is not dependent on the wrestlers for wigs, but with this factor. Mova yde about those, sho factoring with the right regress allow the factor to turn the lads out of the unpaid bargov vimogi and vimagati vіd nyogo ponennenya groshovih koshtiv factor. Factoring without the right to regress means, but the factor takes on itself the risk of having lost money in purchases.
For the set of services, including factoring, but with the same dial-up, it was delivered with a partial set of services. In the aftermath of factoring, the servicemen fuss over the postpartner, to the end the factoring service, as well as the low ones: auditors, jurists, governors of fencing for giving loans in kind. Factoring in a partial set has served as a factor in the payment of a factor in the deferred income of the post-holder.
Залежно від охоплення факторингом перевідступлення почальником боргових вимог розрізняють factoring з пере-відступленням усіх боргів не лише визначеної їх частики. Перевідступлення factor by the postpartner Боргів усіх своїх дебіторів дає змогу йому уникнути ведня подвійного обліку й управіння loan for replenishing the borings of the wimogs, but not the bullets.
Zalizhno vіd order to pay borvovih вимог розрізняють:
- Factoring in the form of a variable payment, but the overpaying of payment for rozraunkovy documents of the supplier, yak tilki їh bude nadano the factor. Actually, the factor is the borrower's credit;
- Factoring without repayment means, scho factor zobov'azuyetsya pay the transferred yomu postachalnik rozraunkovі documents on viznachenu, zafiksovanu at the agreement date, yak rule, on the day of paying documents dorozhnikami. Oskilki zafiksovany u kontroli strings - tse serednaya value, then the price is normal, but the purchase price of the payment of the earlier issued term, and інші - пізніше. Perevaga for the post-lord in the field, in which the exact date of the day is secured, and to which you can plan your devolution.
Зміст та послідовність здійснення факторингової операції is shown in Fig. 9.2.
Fig. 9.2. Зміст і послідовність здійснення факторингової операції
1. Відвантаження the supplier of purchases of goods (робіт, послуг).
2. Acceptance by the purchase of Borghovi wimog for a friend (robotics, services).
3. Prevjavlennya postpartal borovogov wimog factor in the method of the first stage.
4. Vivchenya factor lendingprodostnosti postseller, ia razi positive result, ukladennya z him contract factoring.
5. Pererahuvannya pozhachalnikovі kostyv at rozmіrі 70-90% sumi borovovih vimog, pridbanyh factor.
6. Vistavlennya factor borovogih vimog for payment by the buyer.
7. Payment for the purchase of vistavleni on this factor borghovi wimog.
8. Pislya otrymannya payzhu vіd zakupitsyaя factor pererahovuє postavalniku podyshok koshtіv (30-10%) for the minus pay for factoring service obusgovuvannya.
For zdіysnennya factoringovyh operatsіy factor stjaguє z postachalnika vidpovіdnu fee. Rozmіr pay, zokrema, lie in view of factoring, lending to the lender, interest rate for the loan, rіvnya ризиків, які nese factor, and takozh vіd line переування ресурсів factor in rozraunkah with the buyer. Fee for factoring service includes:
- Komіsіyu for the ambassadors of the rozmіrіі vіznachengo of the contract of interest від згальної суми придбаних factor боговиних вимог;
- Interest for a loan, assigning a factor to a post-mortem.
Faktoringov operatsii vigіdnі yak postalniku so і factor.
Vicorestaniya factoring, the postparty is given to the yom of the zom, Zokrem:
- Quicken the sustained groshov koshtiv for vіdvantazhenі com (robot, servants);
- Zmenshiti risik appeared summnivnih borgiv;
- Поліпшити процес інкасування боргів;
- Promptly obtain a credit for the factor;
- Zmenshiti vitrati, pov'yazhі z oblіcom ta іnkasatsіyu borgіv.
Non-regular factoring for the post-urchaler ─ вища вартість цієї операції порівняно зі звичайнимним кредитом.
Здійснення факторингових операцій дає змогу фактору, зокрема, поліпшити обслуговування клієнтів that залучити нових, збільшити і диверсифікувати джерела доходів. The main non-factoring factor for the factor is the high risk of the operation. For мінімізації ризику factor здійснює лімітування кредитної заборговаіі почальника, встанолює ліміти відвантаження товарів concreteplatformnikiі, страхує окремі угоди тощо.
Forfaiting - tse pribdannya from the lender borgu, virazhenogo in a negotiable document, on bezpovorotnіy basis. Tse means, scho kupecets borgu (forfeiter), take care of yourself zobov'yannya vidmovitisya - forfeiting - vіd its right to regressnogo vimogi to the lender at the time nemozhilivostі ostanzhannya grooshvich kostyv vіd vorozhnik. Actually forfaiter (komertsiyny bank oso spetsializovana kompanii) take care of yourself so much, including a risk of non-payment, a rasik of perekazuvannya koshtiv, currencies, interest rate rizik ta n.
The main documents, yaki zastosovuyutsya at forfeiting, є vekselі. However, forfeiting can be done in the same way as the cynical paperns (ale voni obov'yazkovo povinni mstiti abstracto zobov'yaznnya) abo rahunki debitori, and rostrochki payment, sho є naslіdkom vikoristania accreditivnoi form rozraunkiv. The priorytete vikoristanna vekselіv povyazane in the simplicity of design, and takozh iz dannnim vikoristannyam yak інструментів фінансування міжнародної торгівлі.
Ініціатором форфейтингової операції є, as a rule, експортер чи його банк. The purpose of the contract is to disregard the disregarded promissory notes, written by the exporter, or simply issued, for the sake of some vine.
Udayuchis to forfeiting, exporter otrimy mozhnivist dodatkovo mobilizuvati koshti takoroti debitorsku zaborgovanist. Zverennya exporter to forfaiter vidbuvaetsya, zokrema, in such vipadkah:
- Vlasne fіnansove stanovische eksportera do not give yomu zmogi nadovgo viluchati vosnі koshti zі svogo revotu;
- An importer, a toto call a foreign trade contractor of an exporter, a lack of credit for sales;
- The exporter does not want to give back to the guaranteed capital.
Zdіysnemuchi pribdannya borghovih vimog, forfeiter mozhe zberigati їh at himself, in his life, you can make money in vvazhati інвестиціями. Yakshto forfaiter does not bashit tri-mati his own koshti in so-called forms, you can sell your money, money, and so on forfeiter. The inheritance of such an offensive reselling of the borges is a vernacular secondary forfeiting gold.
Forfeiting power in this way:
- Взаємозв'язок із звнішньтотогоговельними операціями;
- Negotiate forfaiting is important in vylno converting currencies;
- The basic documents, sho ostoshosovuyutsya zdіysnenni forfeitingovogih operatsiy, є vekselі - prosti ta perekaznі;
- Creditworthiness of the exporter is due to the buyer's purchase of the bill of exchange in the amount of borings on the discount basis;
- Creditweek zdіysnyuetsya na srednjnostrokovyy osnovi, yak rule, on lines for six months to p'yati rockiv, and in active vypadkah - up to seven rock;
- Discounting on the basis of the fixed interest rate;
- Zdebilshogo forfeiting of the consequences of the realiza- tion of machines, the possession of those other goods of investment appraisal.
Forfeitingovy operatsії zdіysnoyutsya at such a sposib. The exporter, the exporter's bank, the importer, shall enter into an agreement with the contractors. The exporter, who likes to forfeit forfeiting, to know zarubizhnogo purchase (importera), cotria, from his chergo, hoche otrimati srednestostrokovy credit for fenansuvannya lands by the exporter. With the help of an importer, you can pay for a piece of goods with a vidrazu, and the litter regularly pays for the length of the line of the year (for example, p'yati rock). The importer is guilty of issuing a gray promissory note for acceptance of a series of negotiable promissory notes. Якщо імпортер має добру кредиспроможність, then the exporter can not vimagati, shob bills are guaranteed. However, in particular, especially if an importer is not a first-class poschalnik, a vimagayut can be known by the bank, cotriy guaranteeing biobar avavlyavav zazacheni vekselі.
The exporter, at his chergo, to torment know the forfaiter. Yak rule, the exporter can zvernutis to kolkok forfeiterov, namagayuchichi vyayviti nayvigіdnіshі propositsії. Forfaiter important nobility: zagalnu sumu operatsi; Rows; Currency; The name of the exporter that importer, edge, yaku stinky represent; Chim is framed zaborgovanist (prosti chi perekaznі vekselі); Form of protection (aval, guaranty); Sum that line is extinguished; Interest rate; A subject of that commodity; Lines and number of deliveries; Місце your payment.
Після того, як forfeiter отримає відповіді на зазначені вище питання, він здійснює крединий аналіз. Forfeiter can be viewed from the order of the owner by the owner of the date of the year on the date. Yakshcho exporter staking a preference for forfeiting before signing the contract with the purchaser, vin matim mozhnivist zrobiti exact rozhraunok tsіni product z uraikhuvannami real vitrat schodo zaluchchennia koshtiv.
Експортер відвантажує товари, отримує векселі, які потім продає форфетеру зі скидкою та на безповоротній основі.
The official scheme for organizing forfaiting is such a wiggle (Figure 9.3).
Fig. 9.3. Зміст і послідовність здійснення форфейтингової операції
1. The exporter and the importer are at home about the supply of goods in the order of payment.
2. The exporter jokes forfaiter.
3. The importer is formalizing a series of promissory notes that mean a bank that is surely guaranteed to be registered.
4. Direction to the bank of the exporter to guarantee the avalanche of promissory notes.
5. Supply of goods.
6. Dossier on the transfer of the bill to the exporter.
7. Nadannya vekselіv eksportateru.
8. Sale of goods in the exporter forfeiter.
9. Nadegzhennya koshtiv vіd selling vekselіv.
Udayucis to forfeiting, exporter maє takі perevagi:
- Mozhilivst ostrezhannya groshovih koshtiv vidrazu після відвантаження продукції або нададня послуг, що поліпшує ліквідність експортера;
- When the purchase is made, the rate is fixed, the discount is discounted by the sum of money, and the extension of the loan line does not change, it is unreasonable for the rates on the market for capital;
- Відсутність ризиків, оскільки експортер продає боргові вимоги форфетеру на безповоротній основі, тобто без права регресу;
- Відсутність витрат часу та коштів на управління боргом abo the organisation of yoga repayment;
- Simplicity of the documentary, that operativnosti її framed;
- We'll loot the bus eskportne insurance.
Prior to the forfeiting, in view of the exporter, you can add:
- Yogo visoku vartit;
- Vірогідність of that, шо експортер can not know the guarantor of the licensee, a kind of biased with forfaiter;
- Neobhіdnіst pіdgutuvati documents in such a way, on the exporter did not regress to the bankruptcy of the guarantor of abolishment, but also on the need for legislation on the territory of the importer.
Здійснення форфейтингових операцій дає форфейтеру такі переваги:
- Simplicity of the operability in the issued documents;
- Вища маржа, ніж при кредитуванні;
- Mozhnivist realizatsii buying activities on the secondary market.
Until the foreffees forfeiter for forfeiter lay:
- Відсутість right to regress at разі неплати боргу;
- Neobhіdnіst knowledge of the legislation of the territory of the importer;
- Neobhіdnіst to bear ризики to extradition of bills;
- Vidpodalnist for the transfer of lendingprosprovodnosty guarantor abav avalyst.
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