home History Історія України - Полонська-Василенко Наталія: Том 2

Історія України - Полонська-Василенко Наталія: Том 2

The decline of the Getmanate is the death of Bogdan Khmelnytsky

Bogdan Khmelnitsky created his own superimposed administratsynym talent mitsnu th authority authority. Hetman Buv vibornim, ales Khmelnitsky feeling himself in the power to tell, scho vin - "iodinovladny autocrat of Ukraine" (1648). In the churches they remembered the Yogi Yak "hetman's sovereign . " The Swedish king called yogi a "dyedic prince . " Khmelnitsky мріяв transfer the hetmansky to his own sins. Spotchatku naslidnikom buv Timish , talanovitiy, vidvazhny yunak, I Bogdan, having disarmed the daughter of the governor of Moldavsky. Pislya death Timosha vin vychachiv yak naslidnik another sina, Yuriya, shche pidlitka. Vikonoichi is the baseman of the hetman, and on the other side, righteousness unikuti fights for the hetman woman, the sergeant-major for Radi 1657, without vibors, rumbled Juriy as the hetman's guard.

The transfer of the club without viborіv, sladkovo, bula ящищем in the історії hetmannshchini и викликала опозицію, насамперед серед стах полковників. The General Secretary of the Pisar, the Hebrew Hieroglyph of the Hetman from 1648, Ivan Ivanovich Vigovsky , nalyzhav to tsієї опозиції. The dynastic dance of the hetman's wife is in the hands of the elders, if the grievous moment is piled-the death of Bogdan and the collapse of the koala. Hetman punished the stratity of Colonel Lesnitsky and Shche chotoryokh vidatnyh foremen, and most Vigovsky beast prikuvati to the ground for a day. Tak i zhorostok come in, zvichayno, could the dates of the Lisha are not active. Chutki about podії in Chigirinі in znachnіy mіrі сприяли розкладові body Zhdanovich: козаки поривались додому та й itself colonel Zhdanovich налев до партії Виговського.

Усі ці події - і in Чигирині, і у війську - pidrivali the forces of the old hetman. There was a blow to it and a 27 lipstick 1657 rock vin died.

Z Bogdan Khmelnitsky, Ukraine, has lost one of its most numerous dyachi. His own wikitelnym admіnіstratsіynim talent vin zumіv rozburkhane insurgents sea, pid hour postinoyї vinyni, peretvoriti in mіtsnu power, зі string systemії адміністрації, з новими laws, we introduce the social harmony; Zumіv diplomatically havlya lyaviruvati mizh goryazhimi suisidi i vivesti Ukraina z ya yora yak, nemagalasya naklasti Moscow. Bogdan Khmelnitsky asked to re-create the "insurrection of slaves", yak called the Ukrainian revolution of the Poles, the land of power, as the union was joking with great powers, and from the little Cossack town of Chigirin, the wandering of the Scandinavia Europe, the diplomats of the powers of the land were de Zurich. Not Moscow, but Chygyryn became the center of a half-century life of Europe. Bogdan Khmelnitsky pobivnyvali from Cromwell, ale bula mizh they are great riznitsya: Cromwell Mav old power with the admonition, the army, Khmelnitsky - rozburkhanu insurgents mass of people with the protracted entertainments of those bashyns.

Останні дні його були трагічні. Rozkol sered senior sergeant, zavirushennya visksku ... Naybshy supermarket peredvorennya vibornogo hetmanatu spadkovu dynasty, V. Lipinsky , himself vinis for neji heavy virak. "Getman, - write Wen, - zazhdi pidkresljuvav: myself and posterity of my own. Тільки геніяльний "самодержець" міг do not let your strong hands wired over your richest people in your own alternate zvoyam, virіііі и кульі помічниками ". Alya naslidnikom buv 16-rychnyy yunak, weak in spirit and tilom, unreasonable psycho. Old hetman rozumiv tse і having acknowledged the chief sergeant - osoula Kovalevsky, that Colonel Lesnitsky - opisunami Juriy, and the general clerk Vigovskogo asking Bouti "batko, marshmallow, leading the young Hetmanov." The sergeant-major, the opponents of the new dynastic principle, were baiting, chim was cluttered with the sovereign's wit in the children's hands of Yurasya, and at that moment she was paying her way for her own sake in her death, she was weakened by the cotton.

Znachennya diyalnosti Bogdana Khmelnitskogo velichnezn, і for pіvіvnyannya з it is hard to know in історії паралелі. You can not lose sight of yourself, but the trivala of the devil's life is deprived of rock: from 1648 to 1657. By the extension of that hour without a breakdown, you have gone into wannabes, in some of them, to express your talent for the strategist and organizer. Vin komandivav not prepared before such an army, yak was stored in riznomannyh elements: reestroovyh kozakiv, viskolenih Polish commanders for the European kstalt; Zaparozhtsiv with special tactics; Insurgents, weakly stupid, untrained before the battle, not an hour ago; Tatar hordes of the command. Not zvazhayuchi on tse, Khmelnitsky, zavdyaki gliboko opraktsyvanim plats vestnih operatsi te ta vіs'kovyі discipline, yaku vnіs vin v amorifnu ozbroєnu masu, zavdavav odizku for the tastes of witches of the Polish army, pіssilenіy nimetskimimi warriors, glorifications for the whole of Europe, with the 30 th littnії vіnyi.

Usy pogazki Khmelnitsky, and ikh bulo nebegato, you can not put on the carb yogi yak leader, bom zumovlyuvali redirection zradi union-nikiv-tatar, scho svoeiu pidstupnistyu virivali hetmanovy z themselves hands zabezpecheni peremogi: pіd Zborov, Berestechkom і, nareshtі, під Жванцем . Two times - Zborov, that Zhvanets - King Yan-Kazimir buv in the uninhibited situation, as they yogo yatogo Tatari.

Військова діяльність Khmelnitsky is visibly reprimanded diplomatically. In tsій ділянці діяльности hetmana naytyazhe know the explanatory, і є іdіyny key before zrozumіnnya yogo polіtiki to lie at the зрозумінні історичних подій та головної met the life of Khmelnitsky: здобути Україні незалежність. Pershi kroki Khmelnitsky, from Zhovtich Vod to Zamostya, having assured vin not a revolution, yak vinyu for Poland for the independence of Ukraine, but for a rebellion, yak insurgency "black" proti paniv, proti gentry, yak did not listen to the king. Suproti King Wladyslaw IV of Khmelnitsky, who carried out the insurrection, was loyally loyally, vin hotiv tilki viboroti minimum autonomy. Tsim is explained by the skyline of the vicarage, the fate of the envoys on the soymas, the vimoga turn to King Yana-Kazimir.

Ale of the number Bogdan Khmelnitsky zrozumіv is great in the right, yaku почав, тоді він повів, з почуттям національної свідомости та гідности, hard, безкомпромісову політику: for every tsinu zdobuti і забезпечити незалежність Українській Державі , в якій він був з Божої ласки володарем. In addition to the hour, from 1649 to the fate and death to the end, doshov Khmelnitsky to tsienei meti. Він виявляв надзвичайну енергію та гнучкість, укладаючи unions, коаліції, які could б забезпечити незалежність Українській Державі.

Pereiaslavska pleases - Tse the militaristic union, which, before the assimilation of the conflict, is independent of Ukraine in Poland - the apogee of the diplomatic talent of Khmelnytsky. The remaining three fates of the Hetman's life are characterized especially by the diplomatic diplomacy. Soyuzi, koalіtsії зі Shvetsієyu, Semygorod, Moldavієyu, Валахіею - мусіли затвердити існування незалежної Української Держави. After the mighty powers knew the way to the modest Cossack town Chigirin. Not Moscow, "The Third Rome", and Chigirin became an oaserek, de virishuvalasya share Scandinavia Europe. Vazhlive, those with their own calls Bogdan Khmelnitsky vyznachit shlyakh, yakimi yshla Ukraina in the course of 60 rockies of an uninhabited life - and on them the trek of the expensive roads Mazepi.

Bogdan Khmelnitsky buv blizkuchim administratorom. Він having created an army for the people's congress of the pogozhennya, pragnen, poglyadіv, morals. Poki live Buv great Bohdan - all the stinkers of the yogi volos. Хмельницький умів пізнавати людей i використовувати їх for reference. Він extensively facing the doors of the Ukrainian gentry, і після перемоги on Zhovtikh Vody, the gentry began to turn to Ukraine, de hetman davav їм керівні посади. Pid yogi with a firm hand pratsyuvali handrail stari reestroiki, yak Djedaliy , Tatarsky pokhozhennya , Vovchenko, Nesterenko, Topiga, Shumeyko ta noshi; Bagaty kozaki - Somko, Volevach , and splyno zami them shlyahtsetsky homeland Vigovskih, Nechaev, Bohun, Krichevsky, Teteria, Gogol, Demovich-Krehovetsky, Kutsevich-Mіnkovsky , kolshnіy korolіvskiy page Мрозовицький, Zhdanovich, Gulyanitsky, Bogdanovich-Zarudnyi i nareşti, Yuriy Nemyrich . W Tsikh people vihodyat colonels SSMSC koristayutsya digit freedom in provedennі voєnnih kampanіy, that diplomacy, SSMSC lead skladnі diplomatichnі the right rіznih powers.

In the bloody battles Khmelnitsky with his own pomovnikov budushev power, podilyav Ukraine on the shelves, hundreds, vstanovlyuvavav order, the court. A smut - creates novі sotsіalnі minds yakih in all lyudnіst podіlyalasya into two camps: kozakіv scho voyuvali, that the Commonwealth, scho pratsyuvali. Tse order, a kind of znadom zaznav znachnih zmіn, in zagalnih rice, інунувв, left Ukrainian Українська Держава.

"Naybіlshe Location Bohdan Khmelnytskyi іstorії in Ukraine - do not yak commander, Hoch bi th great, not yak diplomat Hoch bi th bliskuchogo and yak sovereign dіyacha, Fundator th budіvnichogo Ukraїnskoї Kozatskoї powers. - Pichet Suchasnyj naykraschy doslіdnik Dobie Hmelnichchine Oh Ogloblin - Yaku b dіlyanku Gromadska-sovereign Zhittya not take - Bogdan Khmelnytskyi skrіz vistupaє, yak Reigning dіyach great format "O. Ogloblin pіdkreslyuє, scho in organіzatsії Verkhovna Vladi viyavivsya Reigning genіy Khmelnytskyi Tse Bulo grave zavdannya Traditsіya staroruskoї knyazhoї statehood, іdeya Great Knyazіvstva Ruska i revolyutsіyne pohodzhennya novoї Ukraїnskoї powers, vіyskovy character її arrange that admіnіstratsії, real Vlad i hetman Bohdan Khmelnytskyi personal authority - all tse vіdbilosya on formuvannі Vladi. Khmelnitsky zumiv know the genetic system of the whole world, - write O. Ogloblin.

The authority of the Khmelnytsky Buv is great: "We'll live one by one, we'll rozkazhe, then we'll all roam," - showing Tetery. Colonel Savich has explained: "To rend the hetman, heh hetman to order robiti, those stinky".

Pіslya Ruїni, if znovu pіdnositsya іdeya ukraїnskoї nezalezhnoї powers, pochinaєtsya zahoplennya doboyu Hmelnichchine that її genіyalnim Creator. "Such people are Providence, God's people, people in the humanities for the particulars of the Yogi naimiri і recognition" - writing the author of "History of Rus".