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Istoria Ukrainy - Polonska-Vasilenko Natalіya: Volume 2

Zruynuvannya Sіchі

Navedenі Fakti painted a picture of quiet vzaєmovіdnosin, SSMSC target mіzh Zaporіzhzhyam i tsarskoyu Rosієyu. Povny іgnoruvannya rights zaporozhtsіv on їhnі zemlі, Povny nehtuvannya їhnіmi traditsіyami, s yakimi priyshli stink 1734 rock on svoї zemlі - harakterizuyut representations tsarskogo Uryadov to Zaporіzhzhya. W other side - gliboka rіznitsya mіzh autocratic krіpatskim ustroєm Rosіyskoї powers that volelyubnim democratically ustroєm Zaporіzhzhya at sutі respublіkanskim. Іsnuvannya Zaporіzhzhya s yogo went out - not povertati vtіkachіv - Bulo zagrozoyu for krіpatskogo Gospodarstwa Rosіyskoї іmperії. Velicheznu nebezpeku to arrange rosіyskogo is Zaporіzhzhya, yak povsyakchasny Oseredok revolyutsіynih ruhіv. He can be zabuvati ekonomіchnih th power, zv'yazanih s Zaporіzhzhyam and the Same - bagatstvo zaporozkih lanіv in chasi, if pomіschitske Gospodarstwa Russie schoraz bіlshe potrebuvalo land, if the power hlіbnogo eksportu not kept pace the main problems rosіyskoї Economy.

Ale does not on zvazhayuchi OAO All tsі obstavini, Zaporіzhzhya zalishalosya potrіbnim mіtsny bar'єr yak, scho zahischav Rosіyu od napadіv zboku Cream that Turechchini. Vіyna z roku 1768-1774 Turechchinoyu zmіnila tsі obstavini.

W of the cob vіyni zaporozke vіysko Bulo zmobіlіzovane i was taking fate in voєnnih dіyah. Sіchoviki, kozatstvo scho lived on palayakah, Cossacks, scho pratsyuvali mercenaries - all virushilo on vіynu. 7.000 zaporozhtsіv, s Koshov otamanom, bilisya in avangardі body of Prince Prozorovskogo pid Ochakov, Kіnburnom, Hadjibeyan. Zaporozka flotilіya dіyala on Dunaї. Voєnnі merits zaporozhtsіv vіdznachalo vische komanduvannya: Kalnishevsky won a gold medal s dіyamantami, 1.000 kozakіv dіstali Sribni medalі. obіtsyala "aggravate mercy" In svoєmu reskriptі Katerina 11.

Zaporіzhzhya in quiet Rokach suffered great tyagar: bagato kozakіv scored, pokalіcheno; Gospodarstwa zanepalis, more gospodarі, Chastina-valued yakih not small homelands, boules on vіynі. Zaporіzhzhya utrimuvalo rosіyskі vіyska, scho passed through "volnosgі" gave horses volіv, products. W buduvannyam Dnіprovskoї lіnії splyundrovano Sadi, toscho field.

Naslіdki vіyni scho zakіnchilasya Kuchuk Kaynardzhіyskim world boule Duzhe vazhlivі for Zaporіzhzhya. Progoloshennya Square Cream od Turechchini that rosіyskogo protectorate over it zmіnilo encampment Zaporіzhzhya Tatars stopped Buti postіynimi, scary vorogov, s yakimi yshla Borotba, 3 different side - Zaporіzhzhya stopped Buti outpost in borotbі s Crim i Turechchinoyu ceased bar'єrom Buti, scho zahischav up Ukraine that Rosіyu od tatarskih napadіv: vono vtratilo his tsіnnіst for Russie.

On the cob 1775 roku komanduvach 1 oї rosіyskoї armії, yak Vertan s turetskogo front, General P. Tekely, dіstav mandate zruynuvati Sich i viareshtuvati її sergeant, 4th chervnya on Zelenі saints, rosіyskі vіyska otochili Sich. Perevaga rosіyskih forces bezperechna bula, i zaporozhtsі pіddalisya without a fight. Elders - Koshov Kalnishevskogo, Sudd Holovaty is the clerk Globo areshtovano i vivaise to St. Petersburg to the court. Zaareshtovano slit dekogo s elders SSMSC sprotivlyalis zagarbannyu zaporozkih rosіyanami land. Archive of, regalії, koshtovnі іkoni that ecclesiastical Lots Other Mein vivaise. Mein Starshinov that Zamozhniy kozakіv rewritten i skonfіskovano.

Pіslya of all teritorіya "Carta" uvіyshla to Ozіvskoї that Novorosіyskoї gubernіy. Kalnishevskogo uv'yazneno Solovki and Holovaty she noticed to Globo on Sibіr. Digit Chastina ordinary kozatstva - sіromi - won od new bosses perepusknі receipts on Tilіgul, nіbito on ribalstvo and naspravdі tse kozatstvo tіkalo the Danube. INSHI zalishilisya on svoїh mіstsyah i boule zapisanі yak "skarbovі villagers." About Tse bude Dali mova.

3rd serpnya 1775 roku, two mіsyatsі pіslya zruynuvannya Sіchі, progolosheno manіfest, yaky MAV poyasniti "vsomu svіtovі" - yak loved pisati Catherine II - the reason tsogo fact. Tsey manіfest Nadzvychaina sytuatsia tsіkavy: in nomu not tіlki povіdomlyaєtsya about dokonany fact lіkvіdatsіyu Zaporozkoї Sіchі, ale yogo th poyasnyuєtsya that vipravduєtsya. Manіfest vrazhaє svoєyu nelogіchnіstyu that protirіchchyami. According sutі manіfest tse publіtsistichny tvіr, yaky viyavlyaє motives scho viklikali zruynuvannya Sіchі, she values ​​the fact tsogo for Suchasnyj i maybutnogo. W one side in nomu predstavlyaєtsya Sich, yak gnіzdo rozbishak scho іsnuvali s grabunkіv, perebuvali "in sozershonnoy idleness, vile drunkenness th contemptuous ignorance", not Somalia vlasnosti, pereshkodzhali torgіvlі that cultural Zhittya susіdіv and s another side manіfest obvinuvachuє zaporozhtsіv have to scho stink Somalia velikі Gospodarstwa, zimіvniki, Sloboda, priynyali to 50,000 villagers i, vlashtovuyuchi "Vlasnyi Gospodarstwa" rozrivali zalezhnіst od Russie i pragnuli stvoriti tsіlkom Square area in of Hope, scho skhilnіst to rozputnogo Zhittya that grabunkіv bude, zavdyaki vnutrіshnomu bagatstvu " update th multiply their number. "

Zruynuvannya Zaporozkoї Sіchі Bulo naybіlshoyu podієyu іstorії Ukraine in the XVIII century. W her zaginula force yak protyagom Ponad troh stolіt zahischala up Ukraine od scary vorogіv, zapevnyala їy, zavdyaki tsomu zahistovі, mozhlivіst rozgortati ekonomіchne that cultural Zhittya. Together s note Zaporіzhzhya Bulo gіeyu power, yak strimuvala processes zakrіpachennya villagers on tsіlіy Ukraїnі, bo there in the steppe neosyazhnih zbiralisya vtіkachі s usієї Ukraine. The characteristic: scho Dali od Zaporіzhzhya lay panskі Gospodarstwa Pravoberezhnoї Ukraine, the tyazhchoyu panschina bula, i 1783 roku tіlki zaprovadzheno krіpatstvo on Lіvoberezhnіy Ukraїnі. W hover vische faktіv seen, scho in the XVIII century. Zaporіzhzhya zavzhdi vistupalo on Zahist prignіchenih rosіyskim tsaratom she flattered. Besides the I zrozumіlo, scho in pam'yatі ukrajins'koho people Zaporіzhzhya nazavzhdi zalishilosya, yak "step wide, cheerful region," de dermal znahodiv Zahist she will.